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171 results for “density-dependent”
From seed dispersal service to reproductive collapse: density-dependent outcome of a palm-mammal interaction
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Data from: Positive spatial and temporal density-dependence drive early reproductive economy-of-scale effects of masting in a European old-growth forest community
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Intersexual differences in density-dependent dispersal and their evolutionary drivers
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Data from: Density-dependent reproductive success among sympatric dipterocarps during a major mast fruiting event
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Data from: Density-dependent adaptive topography in a small passerine bird, the collared flycatcher
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Data from: Density-dependent resource partitioning of temperate large herbivore populations under rewilding
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Data from: Density-dependent disease, life history tradeoffs, and the effect of leaf pathogens on a suite of co-occurring close relatives
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Ecological and behavioral mechanisms of density-dependent habitat expansion in a recovering African ungulate population
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Density-dependent changes of mating system and family structure in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
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A Great Escape: resource availability and density-dependence shape population dynamics along trailing range edges
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Relatedness modulates density-dependent cannibalism rates in Drosophila
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Seasonal density-dependence can select for partial migrants in migratory species
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Density-dependent within-patch movement behavior of two competing species
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Density-dependent declines of Wisconsin bats from white-nose syndrome
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Data from: A quantitative review of density-dependent growth and survival in salmonids: biological mechanisms, methodological biases, and management implications
<p>Understanding the complex variation in patterns of density-dependent individual growth and survival across populations is critical to adaptive fisheries management, but the extent to which this variation is caused by biological or methodological differences is unclear. Consequently, we conducted a correlational meta-analysis of published literature to investigate the relative importance of methodological and biological predictors on the shape and strength of density-dependent individual growth and survival in salmonids. We obtained 160 effect sizes from 75 studies of 12 species conducted between 1977-2019 that differed in experimental approach (sensu Hurlbert, 1984; 65 laboratory experiments, 60 observational field studies, and 35 field experiments). The experimental approach was the strongest factor influencing the strength of density-dependence across studies: density-dependent survival was stronger than growth in field observational studies, whereas laboratory experiments detected stronger density-dependent growth than survival. The difference between density-dependent growth and survival was minimal in field experiments, and between lotic and lentic habitats. The shape of density-dependence (logarithmic, linear, exponential, or density-independent) could be predicted with 66.7% accuracy based solely on the experimental approach and the density gradient (highest/lowest*100) of the study. Overall, the strength and shape of density-dependence were primarily influenced by methodological predictors, while biological factors (predator presence, food abundance, and species) had predictable but modest effects. For both empirical studies and adaptive fisheries management, we recommend using field experiments with a density gradient of at least 460% to detect the proper shape of the density-dependent response, or accounting for potential biases if observational or laboratory studies are conducted.</p>
Model output data for "Negative density-dependent dispersal emerges from the joint evolution of density- and body condition-dependent dispersal strategies"
<p>Empirical studies have documented both positive and negative density-dependent dispersal, yet most theoretical models predict positive density dependence as a mechanism to avoid competition. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the occurrence of negative density-dependent dispersal, but few of these have been formally modeled. Here, we developed an individual based model of the evolution of density-dependent dispersal. This model is novel in that it considers the effects of density on dispersal directly, and indirectly through effects on individual condition. Body condition is determined mechanistically, by having juveniles compete for resources in their natal patch. We found that the evolved dispersal strategy was a steep, increasing function of both density and condition. Interestingly, although populations evolved a positive density-dependent dispersal strategy, the simulated metapopulations exhibited negative density-dependent dispersal. This occurred because of the negative relationship between density and body condition: high density sites produced low condition individuals that lacked the resources required for dispersal. Our model therefore generates the novel hypothesis that observed negative density-dependent dispersal can occur when high density limits the ability of organisms to disperse. We suggest that future studies consider how phenotype is linked to the environment when investigating the evolution of dispersal.</p>
Data from: Density-dependent offspring interactions do not explain macroevolutionary scaling of adult size and offspring size
Most lifeforms exhibit a correlated evolution of adult size (AS) and size at independence (SI), giving rise to AS-SI scaling relationships. Theory suggests that scaling arises because relatively large adults have relatively high reproductive output, resulting in strong density-dependent competition in early life, where large size at independence provides a competitive advantage to juveniles. The primary goal of our study is to test this Density Hypothesis, using large datasets that span the vertebrate tree of life (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). Our secondary goal is to motivate new hypotheses for AS-SI scaling, by exploring how subtle variation in life-histories among closely-related species is associated with variation in scaling. Our phylogenetically-informed comparisons do not support the Density Hypothesis. Instead, exploration of AS-SI scaling among life-history variants suggests that steeper AS-SI scaling slopes are associated with evolutionary increases in size at independence. We suggest that a positive association between size at independence and juvenile growth rate may represent an important mechanism underlying AS-SI scaling, a mechanism that has been underappreciated by theorists. If faster juvenile growth is a consequence of evolutionary increases in size at independence, this may help offset the cost of delayed maturation, leading to steeper AS-SI scaling slopes.
Data from: Density-dependent habitat selection predicts fitness and abundance in a small lizard
Density-dependent habitat selection has been used to predict and explain patterns of abundance of species between habitats. Thermal quality, a density-independent component of habitat suitability, is often the most important factor for habitat selection in ectotherms which comprise the vast majority of animal species. Ectotherms may reach high densities such that individual fitness is reduced in a habitat due to increased competition for finite resources. Therefore, density and thermal quality may present conflicting information about which habitat will provide the highest fitness reward and ectotherm habitat selection may be density-independent. Using ornate tree lizards Urosaurus ornatus at 10 sites each straddling two adjacent habitats (wash and upland), we tested the hypothesis that habitat selection is density-dependent even when thermal quality differs between habitats. We first tested that fitness proxies decline with density in each habitat, indicating density-dependent effects on habitat suitability. We also confirmed that the two habitats vary in suitability (quantified by food abundance and thermal quality). Next, we tested the predictions that habitat selection depends on density with isodar analyses and that fitness proxies are equal in the two habitats within a site. We found that monthly survival rates decreased with density, and that the wash habitat had more prey and higher thermal quality than the upland habitat. Lizards preferred the habitat with more food and higher thermal quality, lizard densities in the two habitats were positively correlated, and fitness proxies of lizards did not differ between habitats. These patterns are consistent with density-dependent habitat selection, despite differences in thermal quality between habitats. We expect that density-dependent habitat selection is widespread in terrestrial ectotherms when densities are high and temperatures are close to their optimal performance range. In areas where thermal quality is low, however, we expect that depletable resources, such as food, become less limiting because assimilating resources is more difficult.
Data from: Context-dependency of top-down, bottom-up, and density-dependent influences on cheetah demography
1. Research on drivers of demographic rates has mostly focused on top predators and their prey, and comparatively less research has considered the drivers of mesopredator demography. Of those limited studies, most focused on top-down effects of apex predators on mesopredator population dynamics, whereas studies investigating alternative mechanisms are less common. 2. In this study, we tested hypotheses related to top-down, bottom-up, and density-dependent regulation of demographic rates in an imperiled mesopredator, the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). 3. We used a 25-year dataset of lion density, cheetah density, and prey density from the Mun-Ya-Wana Conservancy in South Africa and assessed the effects of top-down, bottom-up, and density-dependent drivers on cheetah survival and reproduction. 4. In contrast to the top-down and bottom-up predications, both adult and juvenile cheetahs experienced the lowest survival during months with high prey densities and low lion densities. We only observed support for a density-dependent response in juvenile cheetahs, where they had a higher probability of reaching independence during times with low cheetah density, and low prey density. We did not identify any strong drivers of litter size. 5. Collectively, our results indicate that high apex predator abundance might not always have negative effects on mesopredator populations, and suggest that context dependency in top-down, bottom-up, and density-dependent factors may regulate demographic rates of cheetahs and other mesopredators. Our results highlight the complexities of population-level drivers of cheetah demographic rates and the importance of considering multiple hypotheses of mesopredator population regulation.
Data from: Variable drivers of primary versus secondary nesting: density-dependence and drought effects on greater sage-grouse
Organisms seek to maximize fitness by balancing reproductive allocations against mortality risk, given selection pressures inherent to the environment. However, environmental conditions are often dynamic and unpredictable, which complicates the ability to achieve such a balance, and may require reproductive adjustments depending on prevailing conditions. We evaluated the effects of density-dependent, density-independent (drought), and individual (age, body condition) factors on nesting decisions of female greater sage-grouse in the American Great Basin. We obtained relocations and recorded reproductive histories from 287 radio-marked females over a period of 10 yr, and applied these data to a multi-state model that estimated probabilities of initiating a first nest (primary nesting rate) or a second nest, given loss of a first (secondary nesting rate). This approach allowed us to evaluate the relative association between nesting rates and covariates while accounting for imperfect detection of nests. Sage-grouse primary and secondary nesting were influenced differently by density dependence and drought. Primary nesting was high and relatively constant among years despite variable drought conditions, but was negatively associated with population size (density dependence). Secondary nesting was lower and more variable compared to primary nesting, was similarly influenced by density-dependence, and was also sensitive to drought conditions. Females known to initiate second nests were in better body condition than females that only initiated first nests, and females of intermediate age had higher primary nesting rates, whereas secondary nesting was unaffected by age. Our results suggest that females were more flexible and responded more readily to changing conditions when allocating resources to second nests. These results are consistent with patterns that have been demonstrated for female allocation to clutch size in this system, and suggest that when conditions are poor second nests reflect a tipping point where reproductive costs (increased mortality) outweigh benefits (offspring reproductive value).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.