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Figure 16 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 16. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), dorsal ribs. A, proximal section of right rib in posterior view; B, specimen 'A' in anterior view (image reversed); C, close-up of Fshowing possible bioerosion; D, posterior series rib head with distal transverse process; E, anterior series, left rib, anterior view and E0, dorsal view; F, middle series (image reversed), left rib, posterior view and F0, dorsal view; G, middle series (image reversed), left rib, posterior view and G0, dorsal view; H, posterior series, right rib, posterior view and H0 dorsal view. Abbreviations: be, bioerosion; cap, capitulum; ef, elliptical foramen; fr, fracture; rr, rounded ridge; rug, rugosity; se, spatulate end; sg, shallow groove; sr, sharp ridge; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum. Scale bars ¼ 50 mm (A, B, D, E', F', G', H'), 100 mm (E–H) and 5 mm (C).

Figure 10 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 10. Preliminary reconstructions of the skulls of A, Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344) and B, Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis (NHMUK PV R5764) in lateral view. Shaded areas represent material present in the holotypes. Scale bar ¼ 100 mm.

Figure 11 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 11. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), maxillary crowns. A, right crown in buccal view; B, left crown in buccal view; C, left broken crown dorsal view; D, close-up of Ashowing mammillae on denticles; E, left broken crown in ventral view; F, ventral view of A; G, left crown in ventral view; H, lingual view of Bshowing primary and accessory ridges. Arrow labelled b ¼ buccal primary ridge, unlabelled ¼ lingual ridge. Abbreviations: ar, accessory ridge; d, denticle; da, damaged area; m, mammilla; pr, primary ridge. Scale bars ¼ 5 mm (A, B, C, E, F, H) and 2 mm (D, G).

Figure 19 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 19. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), ilia. A, preacetabular process of right ilium in medial view; B, cross-section of base of A. C–F, left ilium in C, dorsal, D, medial, E, lateral and F, ventral views. G, H, right ilium in G, lateral and H, medial views. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; bs, brevis shelf; dms, dorsomedial surface; er, eroded area; ftp, facet for transverse process; gr, groove; ip, ischiadic peduncle; lp, lateral process; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; pr, primary ridge; prap, preacetabular process; sr, secondary ridge. Scale bars ¼ 100 mm.

Figure 9 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 9. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), right (A–E) and left (F, G) dentaries in A, ventral, B, medial, C, lateral, D, posterior, E, dorsal, F, dorsal and G, medial views. Abbreviations: af, adductor fossa; bs, buccal shelf; cp, coronoid process; dc, dentary crown; fo, foramen; gpd, groove for predentary; mc, Meckelian canal; sym, symphysis. Scale bar ¼ 100 mm.

Figure 20 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 20. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), ischium in A, lateral, B, dorsal and C, medial views. Abbreviations: ac, acetabular component; er, eroded areas; gr, lateral groove; ip, iliac peduncle; op, obturator process; pp, pubic peduncle. Scale bar ¼ 100 mm.

Figure 8 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 8. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), predentary in A, dorsal, B, anterior, C, left lateral, D, ventral and E, right lateral views. Abbreviations: d, denticle; fo, foramina; vg, vascular groove; vp, ventral process. Scale bar ¼ 50 mm.

Figure 7 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 7. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), left palpebral in A, ventral, B, medial, C, dorsal and D, lateral views. Abbreviations: apf, articular surface with prefrontal; mp, medial process; rug, rugosity. Scale bar ¼ 50 mm.

Figure 5 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 5. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), left nasal in A, ventromedial (internal surface), B, dorsolateral (external surface), C, ventral, D, dorsal, E, lateral (in life position) and F, anterior views. Abbreviations: adp, anterodorsal process; avp, anteroventral process; bev, bevelled surface; bull, nasal bulla; grdp, groove for dorsal process of the premaxilla; grmp, groove for maxillary process of the premaxilla; na, external naris. Scale bar ¼ 100 mm.

Figure 2 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 2. Generalized stratigraphical log modified from Allen & Wimbledon (1991). Schematic lithological logs of Wealden exposure between Sudmoor and Atherfield on the Isle of Wight showing sites of Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344) and the Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis holotype (NHMUK PV R5764). Adapted from Sweetman (2007). Abbreviations: Mbr, member; SS, sandstone.

Figure 6 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 6. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344). Left (A, B) and right (C–F) jugals in A, lateral, B, medial, C, medial, D, lateral, E, ventral and F, dorsal views. Abbreviations: bu, buttress; epf, ectopterygoid facet; ls, lacrimal suture; ltf, lateral temporal fenestra; mxs, maxillary suture; orb, orbit; os, orbital shelf; pop, postorbital process; qjs, area of suture with the quadratojugal; re, rolled edge. Scale bar ¼ 50 mm.

Figure 3 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 3. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), right dorsal process of premaxilla in A, lateral and B, medial views. C, cross-section at anterior end. Abbreviations: gr, groove for anterodorsal process of nasal; ins, internarial septum; lat, lateral; med, medial; na, external naris. Scale bar ¼ 50 mm.

Figure 4 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 4. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), left maxilla in A, lateral, B, dorsal, C, medial and D, ventral views. Abbreviations: adp, anterodorsal process; aod, antorbital depression; ap, ascending process; avp, anteroventral process; eps, ectopterygoid shelf; frag, fragment of bone, probably erroneously placed; jp, jugal process; ms, medial shelf; pmg, premaxillary groove; sf, special foramina. Scale bar ¼ 100 mm.

Figure 1. A in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 1. A, the south coast of England; B, an enlarged view of the Isle of Wight (scale bar ¼ 5 km). Arrow labelled MIWG 6344 marks the locality of the Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. excavation site.

FIGURE 7 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 7. Right humerus of Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis gen. et sp. nov. (IVPP V11121-1; holotype). A, anterior view; B, lateral view. Abbreviations: dpc, deltopectoral crest; l.adp, lateral anterodistal process; m.adp, medial anterodistal process; mt, medial tuber. Note that it was not possible to remove the humerus from its cradle at the time these photographs were taken, so obtaining images of the posterior and medial surfaces was not possible. Scale bar equals 200 mm.

FIGURE 11 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 11. Phylogenetic relationships of Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum and Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis, gen. et sp. nov. A, topology based on EWP and EIW analyses of the Mannion et al. (2019a, b) matrix, with Wamweracaudia pruned a posteriori; B, topology based on EIW analysis of Moore et al. (2020) matrix. In both topologies, Hudiesaurus and Rhomaleopakhus are in bold font, the highlighted node represents 'Core Mamenchisaurus-like taxa' (CMTs), and eusauropods more derived than CMTs have been collapsed into a single lineage.

FIGURE 10 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 10. Articulated right manus of Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (IVPP V11121-1; holotype). A, anterior view; B, anterolateral view; C, anteromedial view; D, proximal (dorsal) view; and E, distal (ventral) view. Abbreviations: 1–2, phalanx number; ca, carpal; I–V, digit/metacarpal number; McX, metacarpal (number); PhX.Y, phalanx (number). Scale bars equal 100 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 6. Holotype right forelimb of Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis gen. et sp. nov. (IVPP V11121-1; holotype) with individual elements in approximate anatomical position, shown in anterior view. Scale bar equals 200 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 3. Posterior cervical vertebra of Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum (IVPP V11120; holotype). A, dorsal view; B, close up on anterior vertebral laminae supporting the diapophysis in right lateral view (not to scale). Abbreviations: ACDL, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; d.ACDL, dorsal branch of ACDL; l.ACDL, lateral branch of ACDL; dia, diapophysis;?epi, epipophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; PRDL.k, kink in PRDL; prz.p, pits on dorsal surface of prezygapophysis; SDF.c, pneumatic coel within spinodiapophyseal fossa; SPOL, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 4. Posterior cervical vertebra of Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum (IVPP V11120; holotype). Close-up on the right lateral side of the neural spine in dorsolateral view to show pneumatic coels and accessory laminae within the spinodiapophyseal fossa (not to scale). Abbreviations: AHL, accessory horizontal lamina; lig, ossified intervertebral ligament; PODL, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; SPOL, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; SPRL, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina.