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87 results for “dispersal evolution”
Figure 8 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 8. Palaeogeographic map of the Late Aptian, 115 Mya (C. Scotese, Palaeoatlas, v.3), showing the origin of the Siluriformes (catfishes) in South America with subsequent dispersal to Africa or an origin in Gondwana when Africa and South America were still united, followed by vicariance. The presence of siluriforms in India during this time is questionable. Siluriforms are absent from Eurasia at this time (see text for discussion). The '?' mark on the catfish in Africa indicates the uncertainty about the Gangesiinae in catfishes on that landmass at the time. The '?' mark on the Indian landmass (IND) indicates that it is uncertain if catfishes were present on that landmass at the time. Abbreviations: AUS, Australian region; INM, Indomalayan region; PAL, Palaearctic region.
Figure 9 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 9. Palaeogeographic map of the Middle Eocene, 40 Mya (C. Scotese, Palaeoatlas, v.3). Siluroid hosts of some major lineages of Gangesiinae are already present: Malapterurus in Africa, and Rita and Pangasius in Asia. Families of other siluroid hosts of Gangesiinae, such as Schilbeidae and Bagridae, have also originated by this time. Silurus is yet to appear. Gangesiinae have originated in the Indomalayan region by this time but are absent in Europe and Africa. Their presence in siluroids outside the Indomalayan region during this time is uncertain. Rectangular boxes with 'x' marks inside them indicate the absence of gangesiine tapeworms in catfish hosts. The '?' mark on catfishes indicates that the presence of Gangesiinae in these hosts is uncertain. Sigmoid marks indicate the presence of Gangesiinae in catfish hosts.
Figure 7 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 7. Present-day distribution of major lineages (genera) of Gangesiinae, showing varying levels of disjunct distribution in Electrotaenia, Gangesia, Postgangesia and Silurotaenia, and the endemic nature of other genera such as Pangasiocestus, Ritacestus and Vermaia.
Figure 6 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Gangesia mukutmanipurensis sp. nov. from Ompok bimaculatus. A, scolex, subapical view. B, scolex, dorsoventral view. C, detail of rostellum-like organ. D, sucker with coniform spinitriches on the outer rim. E, F, detail of outer rim of the sucker with coniform spinitriches. G, detail of capilliform filitriches on the rostellumlike organ. H, detail of coniform spinitriches on the rostellum-like organ. I, detail of gladiate spinitriches on the neck region.
Figure 5 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 5. Line drawings of Gangesia mukutmanipurensis sp. nov. from Ompok bimaculatus (specimen accession number in parentheses). A, scolex, subapical view (ZSI/W11086/1). B, C, scolex, dorsoventral view (ZSI/W11085/1 and ZSI/W11082/1/1). D, frontal section of the scolex (ZSI/W11087/1). E, mature proglottid, ventral view (ZSI/W11084/1). F, terminal genitalia (ZSI/W11083/1/2). G, egg drawn in distilled water. Abbreviations: cc, chromophil cell; cs, cirrus-sac; doc, dorsal osmoregulatory canal; eh, embryonic hook; em, embryophore; ga, genital atrium; mi, microtriches; oc, osmoregulatory canal; oe, outer envelope; on, oncosphere; ov, ovary; re, retractor muscles; ro, rostellum-like organ; su, sucker; te, testes; up, uterine pore; va, vagina; vf, vitelline follicles; voc, ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs, vaginal sphincter.
Figure 1 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 1. Phylogenetic interrelationships of basal groups of Onchoproteocephalidea with focus on the subfamilies Gangesiinae and Acanthotaeniinae based on the maximum likelihood analysis of the single gene lsrDNA (above) and COI (below) datasets. Nodal values depict SH-like approximated likelihood ratio test values (SH-aLRT) (10 000 replicates) followed by standard bootstrap values (1 000 replicates). Only values above 50 are shown. The subfamilies Acanthotaeniinae (green) and Gangesiinae (blue), along with the outgroups (grey), are set in colour.
Figure 2 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 2. Phylogenetic interrelationships of basal groups of Onchoproteocephalidea with focus on the subfamilies Gangesiinae and Acanthotaeniinae based on the maximum likelihood analysis of concatenated lsrDNA + COI data. Nodal values depict SH-like approximated likelihood ratio test values (SH-aLRT) (10 000 replicates) followed by standard bootstrap values (1000 replicates). Only values above 50 are shown. The subfamilies Acanthotaeniinae (green) and Gangesiinae (blue), along with the outgroups (grey), are set in colour.
Figure 3 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 3. Simplified relationships among the genera of the subfamilies Gangesiinae and Acanthotaeniinae after collapsing nodes with SH-aLRT ≤ 80% and BS ≤ 70–80% on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 2. This simplified tree, having essentially similar topology once the poorly supported nodes on the lsrDNA tree are collapsed, provides the basis for discussions of historical biogeography.
Data from: The evolution of male-biased dispersal under the joint selective forces of inbreeding load, and demographic and environmental stochasticity
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Data from: Rapid evolution of dispersal ability makes biological invasions faster and more variable
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Data from: The cost of being big: local competition, importance of dispersal and experimental evolution of reversal to unicellularity
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Dispersal evolution diminishes the negative density dependence in dispersal
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Model output data for "Negative density-dependent dispersal emerges from the joint evolution of density- and body condition-dependent dispersal strategies"
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Data for: Bet-hedging via dispersal aids the evolution of plastic responses to unreliable cues
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Atomically dispersed hexavalent iridium oxide from MnO2 reduction for oxygen evolution catalysis
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Data from: The evolution of marine larval dispersal kernels in spatially structured habitats: analytical models, individual-based simulations, and comparisons with empirical estimates
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Selection on dispersal drives evolution of metabolic capacities for energy production in female wing‐polymorphic sand field crickets, Gryllus firmus
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Data from: Resource dispersion influences dispersal evolution of highly insulated insect communities
Communities in which species are obligately associated with a single host plant are ideal to test adaptive responses of community traits to selection since such communities are often highly insulated. Fig species provide oviposition resources to co-evolved fig-wasp communities. Dispersing fig-wasp communities move from one host plant to another for oviposition. We compared the spatial dispersion of two fig species and the dispersal capacities of their multitrophic wasp communities. Dispersal capacities were assessed by measuring vital dispersal correlates, namely tethered flight durations, somatic lipid contents and resting metabolic rates. We suggest that dispersal-trait distributions of congeneric wasp species across the communities are an adaptive response to host plant dispersion. Larger dispersal capacities of the entire multitrophic community are related to more widely dispersed resources. Our results provide evidence and a novel perspective for understanding the potential role of adaptation in whole-community dispersal-trait distributions.
Data from: Evolution of a butterfly dispersal syndrome
The existence of dispersal syndromes contrasting disperser from resident phenotypes within populations has been intensively documented across taxa. However, how such suites of phenotypic traits emerge and are maintained is largely unknown, although deciphering the processes shaping the evolution of dispersal phenotypes is a key in ecology and evolution. In this study, we created artificial populations of a butterfly, in which we controlled for individual phenotypes and measured experimentally the roles of selection and genetic constraints on the correlations between dispersal-related traits: flight performance and wing morphology. We demonstrate that (i) trait covariations are not due to genetic correlations, (ii) the effects of selection are sex-specific, and (iii) both divergent and stabilizing selection maintain specific flight performance phenotypes and wing morphologies. Interestingly, some trait combinations are also favoured, depending on sex and fitness components. Moreover, we provide evidence for the role of (dis)assortative mating in the evolution of these dispersal-related traits. Our results suggest that dispersal syndromes may have high evolutionary potential, but also that they may be easily disrupted under particular environmental conditions.
Fruit syndromes in Viburnum: correlated evolution of color, nutritional content, and morphology in bird-dispersed fleshy fruits
<p>Premise</p> <p>A key question in plant dispersal via animal vectors is where and why fruit colors vary between species and how color relates to other fruit traits. To better understand the factors shaping the evolution of fruit color diversity, we tested for the existence of syndromes of traits (color, morphology, and nutrition) in the fruits of Viburnum. We placed these results in a larger phylogenetic context and reconstructed ancestral states to assess how Viburnum fruit traits have evolved across the clade.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We find that blue Viburnum fruits are not very juicy, have high lipid content, and large, round endocarps surrounded by a small quantity of pulp. Red fruits display the opposite suite of traits: they are very juicy with low lipid content and smaller, flatter endocarps. The ancestral Viburnum fruit may have gone through a sequence of color changes before maturation (green to yellow to red to black), though our reconstructions are equivocal. In one major clade of Viburnum (Nectarotinus), fruits mature synchronously with reduced intermediate color stages. Most transitions between fruit colors occurred in this synchronously fruiting clade.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It is widely accepted that fruit trait diversity has primarily been driven by the differing perceptual abilities of bird versus mammal frugivores. Yet within a clade of largely bird-dispersed fruits, we find clear correlations between color, morphology, and nutrition. These correlations are likely driven by a shift from sequential to synchronous development, followed by diversification in color, nutrition, and morphology. A deeper understanding of fruit evolution within clades will elucidate the degree to which such syndromes structure extant fruit diversity.</p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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