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320 results for “drought response”
Leaf responses to mild drought stress in natural variants of Arabidopsis.
<p>Plant growth and crop yield are negatively affected by a reduction in water availability. However, a clear understanding of how growth is regulated under non-lethal drought conditions is lacking. Recent advances in genomics, phenomics and transcriptomics allow in-depth analysis of natural variation. In this study, we conducted a detailed screening of leaf growth responses to mild drought in six <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> accessions. </p> <p>The raw phenotyping can be found in:<br> - cellularData.txt -> mature (22 days after stratification; DAS) leaf epidermis (third leaf) analysed for cell area, cell number, pavement cell area, pavement cell number, stomatal index and leaf area of the analysed leaf.</p> <p>- leaf3_maturity.txt -> area of the third leaf at maturity (22DAs) in mm<sup>2.</sup></p> <p>- leaf3_transition.txt -> area of the third leaf at transition (last day of cell proliferation; 11 DAS) in mm<sup>2</sup>.</p> <p>- rosetteArea.txt -> projected rosette area (mm<sup>2</sup>) over time (from 9-21DAS).</p> <p>The phenotyping results have been normalised for batch effects ('experiment' in raw data) and are found in cellularData_normalised.txt, leaf3_normalised.txt and rosetteArea_normalised.txt.</p> <p>Conversion from accession names (indiated as genotype in the data files) to the ID number used in the 1001genomes project (www.1001genomes.org) can be found in accessionIDs.txt.</p> <p>In each file 'C' indicates well-watered plants, while 'S' stand for mild-drought treatment.</p> <p>These results and methodological results are described in Clauw et al. (2015, Plant Physiology).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Nitrogen addition amplifies the nonlinear drought response of grassland productivity to extended growing-season droughts
<p>Understanding the response of grassland production and carbon exchange to intra-annual variation in precipitation and nitrogen addition is critical for sustainable grassland management and ecosystem restoration. We introduced growing-season drought treatments of different lengths (15, 30, 45 and 60 day drought) by delaying growing-season precipitation in a long-term nitrogen addition experiment in a low diversity meadow steppe in northeast China. Response variables included aboveground biomass (AGB), ecosystem net carbon exchange (NEE), and leaf net carbon assimilation rate (<i>A</i>). In unfertilized plots drought decreased AGB by 13.7% after a 45 day drought and 31.7% after a 60 day drought (47.6% in fertilized plots). Progressive increases in the drought response of NEE were also observed. The effects of N addition on the drought response of productivity increased as drought duration increased, and these responses were a function of changes in AGB and biomass allocation, particularly root to shoot ratio. However, no significant effects of drought occurred in fertilized or unfertilized plots in the growing season a year after the experiment, N addition did limit the recovery of AGB from severe drought during the remainder of the current growing season. Our results imply that chronic N enrichment could exacerbate the effects of growing-season drought on grassland productivity caused by altered precipitation seasonality under climate change, but that these effects do not carry over to the next growing season.</p>
NDVI-based monitoring of long-term vegetation dynamics and responses to multi-time scales droughts in Inner Mongolia
<p>The characteristics of vegetation and drought for different seasons between 1982 and 2015 in Inner Mongolia were studied based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The response of vegetation to drought over various time scales for different seasons and vegetation types was investigated using the maximum Pearson correlation, allowing a discussion about the possible causes of any changes. The results indicate that the vegetation NDVI in Inner Mongolia showed an increasing trend in different seasons, with spring vegetation NDVI (April to May) having the largest significant increasing rate, followed by the growing season (April to October), autumn (September to October), and summer (June to August). Accordingly, the proportion of stations with decreasing SPEI was, in descending order, summer, growing season, autumn, and spring. Additionally, the magnitude of the SPEI decrease was greater in eastern Inner Mongolia. NDVI and SPEI were positively correlated in most regions of Inner Mongolia, indicating that changes in vegetation in most parts of this region were affected by the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought, the correlation being them being strongest in the growing season, followed by summer, then spring and autumn. Considering the different types of vegetation, forests were less affected by drought, with broadleaf forests more affected than coniferous forests. The meadow steppes and typical steppes were more affected by 12-month droughts in the growing season and summer, 6-month droughts in spring, and 3-month droughts in autumn, with desert steppes mainly affected by 3-month droughts. The shrubs, sandy vegetation, and cropland were mostly affected by droughts in summer, and show a greater response to 3-month droughts in autumn. Finally, the water balance was found to be the most important factor affecting the response of vegetation to drought in Inner Mongolia.</p>
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and drought tolerance of Cinnamomum migao by enhancing physio-biochemical responses
<p>Drought is the main limiting factor for plant growth in karst areas with a fragile ecological environment. <em>Cinnamomum</em> <em>migao</em> H. W. Li is an endemic medicinal woody plant present in the karst areas of southwestern China, and it is endangered due to poor drought tolerance. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to enhance the drought tolerance of plants. However, few studies have examined the contribution of AMF in improving the drought tolerance of <em>Cinnamomum</em> <em>migao</em> seedlings. Therefore, we conducted a series of experiments to determine whether a single inoculation and coinoculation of AMF (<em>Claroideoglomus</em> <em>lamellosum</em> and <em>Claroideoglomus</em> <em>etunicatum</em>) enhanced the drought tolerance of <em>Cinnamomum</em> <em>migao</em>. Further, we compared the effects of single inoculation and coinoculation with different inoculum sizes (20, 40, 60, and 100 g; four replicates per treatment) on mycorrhizal colonization rate, plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and osmoregulatory substance contents. The results showed that compared with nonmycorrhizal plants, AMF colonization significantly improved plant growing status; net photosynthetic rate; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities; and soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline contents. Further, AMF colonization increased relative water content and reduced MDA content in cells. These combined cumulative effects of AMF symbiosis ultimately enhanced the drought tolerance of seedlings and were closely related to the inoculum size. With an increase in inoculum size, the growth rate and drought tolerance of plants first increased and then decreased. The damage caused by drought stress could be reduced by inoculating 40–60 g of AMF, and the effect of co-inoculation was significantly better than that of single inoculation at 60 g of AMF, while the effect was opposite at 40 g of AMF. Additionally, the interaction between AMF and inoculum sizes had a significant effect on drought tolerance. In conclusion, the inoculation of the AMF <em>Claroideoglomus lamellosum</em> and <em>Claroideoglomus</em> <em>etunicatum</em> improved photosynthesis, activated antioxidant enzymes, regulated cell osmotic state, and enhanced the drought tolerance of <em>Cinnamomum</em> <em>migao</em>, enabling its growth in fragile ecological environments.</p>
Microhabitat humidity rather than food availability drives thermo-hydroregulation responses to drought in a terrestrial lizard
<p>The content of this archive includes raw data and metadata for the paper "Microhabitat humidity rather than food availability drives thermo-hydroregulation responses to drought in a terrestrial lizard" by Bodineau et al. In this experimental study, we investigated how microclimate conditions and food availability influence thermo-hydroregulation strategies and body condition of lizards (Zootoca vivipara) during a simulated drought. We found that water restriction and food deprivation caused physiological alterations such as muscle catabolism and mobilization of caudal energy reserves. Lizards developed behavioural strategy to counteract water and food deprivation like decreased thermoregulation effort, higher shelter use and increased eye closure behaviours. Hydric quality of the shelter rather than food availability was the main modulator of trade-offs between thermoregulatory and hydroregulatory activities and an important buffer against the deleterious effects of water restriction. These original findings challenge the assumptions of mechanistic models of ectotherms, which are currently calibrated on the thermal biology of ectotherms. They demonstrate the urgent need to take into account the dual effect of warming and drought events, behavioural interactions between thermoregulation and hydroregulation and the buffering role of microclimatic conditions.</p>
Nutrient effects on drought responses vary across common temperate grassland species
<p><span>Drought and nutrient input are two main global change drivers that threaten ecosystem function and services. Resolving the interactive effects of human-induced stressors on individual species is necessary to improve our understanding of community and ecosystem responses. This study comparatively assessed how different nutrient conditions affect whole-plant drought responses across 13 common temperate grassland species. We conducted a fully factorial drought-fertilization experiment to examine the effect of nutrient addition (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), combined NP) on </span><span>species' </span><span>drought survival, and on drought resistance of growth as well as drought</span><span> legacy effects.</span><span> Drought had an overall negative effect on survival and growth, and the adverse drought effects extended into the next growing season. Neither drought resistance nor </span><span>legacy effects </span><span>exhibited an overall effect of nutrients. Instead, both the size and the direction of the effects differed strongly among species and between nutrient conditions. Consistently, species performance ranking under drought changed with nitrogen availability. The idiosyncratic responses of species to drought under different nutrient conditions may underlie the seemingly contradicting effects of drought in studies on grassland composition and productivity along nutrient and land-use gradients – ranging from amplifying to dampening. Differential species' responses to combinations of nutrients and drought, as observed in our study, complicate predictions of community and ecosystem responses to climate and land-use changes. Moreover, they highlight the urgent need for an improved understanding of the mechanisms that render species more or less vulnerable to drought under different nutrients.</span></p>
Similar transcriptomic responses to early and late drought stresses produce divergent phenotypes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
<p>Cultivated sunflower (<em>Helianthus</em> <em>annuus</em> L.) exhibits numerous phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to drought. However, the ways in which these responses vary with differences in drought timing and severity are insufficiently understood. We used phenotypic and transcriptomic data to evaluate the response of sunflower to drought scenarios of different timing and severity in a common garden experiment. Using a semi-automated outdoor high-throughput phenotyping platform, we grew six oilseed sunflower lines under control and drought conditions. Our results reveal that similar transcriptomic responses can have disparate phenotypic effects when triggered at different developmental time points. Leaf transcriptomic responses, however, share similarities despite timing and severity differences (e.g., 523 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared across all treatments), though increased severity elicits greater differences in expression, particularly during vegetative growth. Across treatments, DEGs were highly enriched for genes related to photosynthesis and plastid maintenance. A co-expression analysis identified a single module (M8) enriched in all drought stress treatments. Genes related to drought, temperature, proline biosynthesis, and other stress responses were overrepresented in this module. In contrast to transcriptomic responses, phenotypic responses were largely divergent between early and late drought. Early-stressed sunflowers responded to drought with reduced overall growth, but became highly water-acquisitive during recovery irrigation, resulting in overcompensation (higher aboveground biomass and leaf area) and a greater overall shift in phenotypic correlations, whereas late-stressed sunflowers were smaller and more water use-efficient. Taken together, these results suggest that drought stress at an earlier growth stage elicits a change in development that enables greater uptake and transpiration of water during recovery, resulting in higher growth rates despite similar initial transcriptomic responses.</p>
Coordinated drought responses determine the time to hydraulic failure in five temperate tree species differing in their degree of isohydry
<p>This file contains variables of interest at tree level measured, calculated and presented in the study "Coordinated drought responses determine the time to hydraulic failure in five temperate tree species differing in their degree of isohydry". </p>
swu_dhe v1: Sectoral water use responses to droughts and heatwaves
<p>These datasets enables the assessment of sectoral water use responses during droughts, heatwaves and compound events at global, regional and local scales. File names contain the spatial scale of the analysis, water dimension, water sector and period of analysis. Datasets show the median percentile of a sectoral water use (i.e., irrigation, domestic, thermoelectric, manufacturing, livestock) during an extreme event and a normal (non-extreme event) period. Files are in comma-separated values (csv) format for easy reading.</p> <p>In addition, mid-step calculation results, such us identified droughts, heatwaves and compound events, are also included. File names contain the periods of evaluation and input datasets used. These resulting datasets are in NetCDF (nc) format, with a resolution of 30 arcmin (gridded) at a global scale and at a monthly time step. Moreover, input files on sectoral water demands at local and regional scales are also included.</p> <p>Datasets included here allow the reproducibility of the analysis of sectoral water use responses during drought, heatwaves and compound events. Scripts used can be found on GitHub (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8122407).</p>
Sagebrush vegetation response to experimental drought
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Relative tree growth and mortality responses to the 2012 midwestern US drought in the central hardwood ecoregion
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Data from: Biological traits and biome features mediate responses of terrestrial bird demography to droughts
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Aridity drives the response of soil organic carbon and inorganic carbon to drought in cropland
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Imaging spectroscopy reveals topographic variability effects on grassland functional traits and drought responses
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Root trait responses to drought are more heterogeneous than leaf trait responses
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and drought tolerance of Cinnamomum migao by enhancing physio-biochemical responses
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Fire, drought and flooding rains: the effect of climatic extremes on bird species’ responses to time since fire
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Data associated with: Drought response of trees: Differences across Mycorrhizal type at the global scale
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Leaf spectroscopy reveals drought response variation in Fagus sylvatica saplings from across the species range
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Data from: Boreal tree growth exhibits decadal-scale ecological memory to drought and insect defoliation, but no negative response to their interaction
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.