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opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Figure 4. Structure assignment probability plots for K in Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status

Figure 4. Structure assignment probability plots for K = 3 groups from (a) 26 microsatellites: offshore (n = 5), resident (n = 250), Bigg's (n = 116) samples genotyped at ≥ 20 loci) (56; unpublished); (b) 3340 RADseq SNPs (polymorphic in sample set): offshore (n = 7), resident (n = 52) and Bigg's (n = 37) populations [57,62]. Vertical bars represent the individual assignment probability for each group inferred by Structure (groups identified by shading), with samples sorted by a priori ecotype assignment. See electronic supplementary material for methods and data set information.

Fig. 9 Morphometric relationship between a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 9 Morphometric relationship between a total body length and weight and b coxa 4 diagonal length and total body length. Bathymetric relationship of total body length for c juvenile and d female Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. Grey areas in b and c represent 95% confidence intervals of the model mean

Fig. 7 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 7 Bayesian phylogenies showing the relationship of Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. within Eurythenes based on a 16S rRNA and b COI. Specimens added by this study are in bold, with E. atacamensis sp. nov. in blue. An asterisk next to the name denotes holotype. References for comparative sequences are in Table 2. Branch nodes have Bayesian posterior probabilities and maximum likelihood bootstrap support values. Values less than 0.7 or 70 are not stated or depicted by an asterisk. Species delimitation inferences by the bPTP and/or GYMC analyses are shown on the right side of each phylogeny.

Fig. 8 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 8 The relative proportion of females, males, juveniles, and intersex of Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. by depth (m) at the Atacama Trench

Fig. 6 a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 6 a Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. feeding on bait and b two colour morphs prior to ethanol preservation. Still image and specimens are from 8074 m in the Atacama Trench during the 2010 RV Sonne SO209 Expedition (see Eustace et al. (2016) for site location details)

Fig. 5 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 5 Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. holotype (MNHNCL AMP-15816). a left pereopod 5; b left pereopod 6; c left pereopod 7; d epimeron and epimeron 3 insert with arrow denoting small tooth on the posteroventral corner; e left uropod 1; f left uropod 2; g left uropod 3 with the arrow showing plumose setae; h telson; i telson distal margin insert

Fig. 3 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 3 Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. holotype (MNHNCL AMP-15816). a left antenna 1; b left antenna 2; c left mandible with an arrow to highlight the broad palp; d head with arrows to highlight the anterior lobe and ventral corner of the eye; e left maxilla 1 outer plate and palp not flattened; f left maxilla 1 inner plate; g left maxilla 1 palp insert; h left maxilla 1 outer plate face; i left maxilla 2; j left and right maxillipeds with inner plates removed; k left maxilliped dactylus insert; l left maxilliped inner plate (medio-facial spines not shown)

Fig. 4 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 4 Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. holotype (MNHNCL AMP-15816). a left gnathopod 1; b chela of left gnathopod 1; c left gnathopod 2; d chela of left gnathopod 2; e left pereopod 3; f left pereopod 4

Fig. 2 a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 2 a Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov.: female holotype from 8052 m (h; MNHNCL AMP-15816), juvenile paratype from 6714 m (pj; MNHNCL AMP-15818), intersex paratype from 7834m (pi; MNHNCL AMP-15820), male paratype from 7204 m (pm; MNHNCL AMP-15817); b Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov., mature female, holotype, MNHNCL AMP-15816

Fig. 1 a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 1 a Map of the Peru-Chile Trench defined by depths>4900 m (red). Historical collection records of this species (circle), and the historical abyssal sampling with the absence of Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (triangle). The extent of map (b) is indicated by the blue box. b The eleven deployments where E. atacamensis sp. nov. was recovered in the Atacama Trench during the Atacamex Expedition (square) and the RV Sonne SO216 Expedition (circle). Isobaths are shown every 1000 m between 3000- and 7000-m-depth contours.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

The impact of Indonesian Throughflow constrictions on eastern Pacific upwelling and water-mass transformation

Netcdf data and Matlab processing scripts for the article:  Eabry, Holmes and Sen Gupta (2022): The impact of Indonesian Throughflow constrictions on eastern Pacific upwelling and water-mass transformation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018509">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018509</a> Included are netcdf files with output from the ACCESS-OM2 1-degree ocean model averaged over years 500-600 of the spin-up simulation. CONTROL indicates the control simulation (realistic ITF topography), OPENITF indicates the Open ITF experiment and DIFF indicates difference files between the two. Please refer to the meta-data within the netcdf files for more information. Scripts to help with plotting standard variables are part of the COSIMA cookbook repository at <a href="https://github.com/COSIMA/cosima-recipes">https://github.com/COSIMA/cosima-recipes</a>. An example script Control_WMT_budget.m is provided to plot the control WMT budget and can be easily modified to plot the Open ITF or anomalous WMT budget. This script uses the Pacific masks found in mask.mat. The small tendency term is provided separately as dV_dt_nrho.mat.

dryad40/100

Data for Contrasting life-history responses to climate variability in eastern and western North Pacific sardine populations

Massive populations of sardines inhabit both the western and eastern boundaries of the world's subtropical ocean basins, supporting both commercial fisheries and populations of marine predators. Sardine populations in western and eastern boundary current systems have responded oppositely to decadal scale anomalies in ocean temperature, but the mechanism for differing variability has remained unclear. Here, based on otolith microstructure and high-resolution stable isotope analyses, we show that habitat temperature, early life growth rates, energy expenditure, metabolically optimal temperature and, most importantly, the relationship between growth rate and temperature were remarkably different between the two subpopulations in the western and eastern North Pacific. Varying metabolic response to environmental changes partly explain the contrasting growth responses. Consistent differences in the life-history traits are observed between subpopulations in the western and eastern boundary current systems around South Africa. These growth and survival characteristics can facilitate the contrasting responses of sardine populations to climate change.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

FIGURE 10 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. (CASIZ 228194). B. Chromoplexaura marki (CASIZ 190436). C. Euplexaura sp. (CASIZ 220608). D. Swiftia torreyi (CASIZ 220958). Scale bars = 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 9 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 9. Map of the Pacific coast of the United States showing the geographical ranges of Chromoplexaura marki () and Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. (); arrow denotes type locality.

FIGURE 4 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 4. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites – warty spindles. Scale bar = 0.04 mm.

FIGURE 8 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 8. Map of Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary (central California); type locality of Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. (red triangle). Map adapted from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2014).

FIGURE 5 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 5. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites – warty spindles. Scale bar = 0.04 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 3. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Underwater photographs taken in situ by Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), showing individual colonies of the new species (red arrows) with surrounding habitat. A. Image taken at Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary near the type locality, ca. 100 m depth, 8 August 2018. B. Image taken at Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary near the type locality, 102 m depth, 8 August 2018, with a nudibranch mollusk (Dendrodoris azineae) to the immediate left. C. Image taken at Cortes Bank, ca. 166 km west of Point Loma San Diego, 70 m in depth, 7 September 2007. D. Image taken at Cortes Bank, ca. 166 km west of Point Loma San Diego, 70 m depth, 8 September 2007. E. Image taken at La Cruz Canyon, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 106.8 m depth, 28 October 2018. F. Image taken at Anacapa Island, Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, 86 m depth, 31 October 2018. Photographs courtesy of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

FIGURE 2 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 2. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Wet-preserved holotype, external morphology. A, D. Partial colony, scale bar = 10 mm. B. Detail of the proximal branch, scale bar = 5 mm. C. Distal apex region of the middle branch, scale bar = 5 mm. E. Apex region of the main stem, scale bar = 5 mm. F. Compound microscope view of sclerites at 100x magnification, showing yellow coloration, scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 1. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Survey Vessel, FSV Bell M. Shimada, conducts fisheries and oceanographic research throughout the Pacific coast of the United States. All type specimens of the new coral species described herein were collected by Remote Operational Vehicle (ROV) on board this ship in 2018. Photo by Gary C. Williams.