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192 results for “elevated CO2”

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dryad36/100

Data from: Trading water for carbon in the future: effects of elevated CO2 and warming on leaf hydraulic traits in a semiarid grassland

<a name="_Hlk96844723"></a>The effects of climate change on plants and ecosystems are mediated by plant hydraulic traits, including interspecific and intraspecific variability of trait phenotypes. Yet, integrative and realistic studies of hydraulic traits and climate change are rare. In a semiarid grassland, we assessed the response of several plant hydraulic traits to elevated CO2 (+200 ppm) and warming (+1.5 to 3℃; day to night). For leaves of five dominant species (three graminoids, two forbs), and in replicated plots exposed to seven years of elevated CO2, warming, or ambient climate, we measured: stomatal density and size, xylem vessel size, turgor loss point, and water potential (pre-dawn). Interspecific differences in hydraulic traits were larger than intraspecific shifts induced by elevated CO2 and/or warming. Effects of elevated CO2 were greater than effects of warming, and interactions between treatments were weak or not detected. The forbs showed little phenotypic plasticity. The graminoids had leaf water potentials and turgor loss points that were 10 to 50% less negative under elevated CO2; thus, climate change might cause these species to adjust their drought resistance strategy away from tolerance and toward avoidance. The C4 grass also reduced allocation of leaf area to stomata under elevated CO2, which helps explain observations of higher soil moisture. The shifts in hydraulic traits under elevated CO2 were not, however, simply due to higher soil moisture. Integration of our results with others' indicates that common species in this grassland are more likely to adjust stomatal aperture in response to near-term climate change, rather than anatomical traits; this contrasts with apparent effects of changing CO2 on plant anatomy over evolutionary time. Future studies should assess how plant responses to drought may be constrained by the apparent shift from tolerance (via low turgor loss point) to avoidance (via stomatal regulation and/or access to deeper soil moisture).

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 concentration on floral development and sex differentiation in Morus alba L.

The effects of global warming on floral development have been reported in many plants, but knowledge of floral development regarding gender and sex differentiation under elevated temperature, CO2 concentration and their combination remains limited. So here we analysed flowering phase, sex ratio, floral morphology and biomass, total carbon and nitrogen data in male and female inflorescences (flowers) of Morus alba L. to determine whether and how they differ. This excel file contains the raw data for each data table and figure within a manuscript submitted to Annals of Forest Science.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

zenodo36/100

Elevated CO2 Intensifies Hydrological Impacts Due to Tropical Deforestation

nc files are the analyzed CESM simulation outputs and py files are the codes processing and plotting them.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Stronger transgenerational plasticity in clonal compared to sexual offspring of Fragaria vesca: effects of drought, elevated temperature and CO2 conditions

<div>The dataset contains phenotypic data of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) regarding its reproductive strategy, as well as climate and water availability for both parental and offspring generations.</div> <div> </div> <div>F1StatGPT.csv: Table containing Ramet Number at Harvest, Fruit Number at Harvest, Ramet Biomass, Offspring Ramet Biomass, and Total Biomass.</div> <div>StomataStatGPT.csv: Table containing Number of Stomata per mm² and Stomata Size.</div>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Elevated atmospheric CO2 suppresses silicon accumulation and exacerbates endophyte reductions in plant phosphorus

Many temperate grasses are both hyper-accumulators of silicon (Si) and hosts of Epichloë fungal endophytes; functional traits which may alleviate environmental stresses such as herbivore attack. Si accumulation and endophyte infection may operate synergistically, but this has not been tested in a field setting, nor in the context of changing environmental conditions. Predicted increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations can affect both Si accumulation and endophyte function, but these have not been studied in combination. We investigated how elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2), Si supplementation, endophyte-presence and insect herbivory impacted plant growth, stoichiometry (C, N, P and Si), leaf gas exchange (rates of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates) and endophyte production of anti-herbivore defences (alkaloids) of an important pasture grass (tall fescue; Lolium arundinaceum) in the field. eCO2 and Si supplementation increased shoot biomass (+52% and +31%, respectively), whereas herbivory reduced shoot biomass by at least 35% and induced Si accumulation by 24%. Shoot Si concentrations, in contrast, decreased by 17–21% under eCO2. Si supplementation and herbivory reduced shoot C concentrations. eCO2 reduced shoot N concentrations which led to increased shoot C:N ratios. Overall, shoot P concentrations were 26% lower in endophytic plants compared to non-endophytic plants, potentially due to decreased mass flow (i.e. observed reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration). Alkaloid production was not discernibly affected by any experimental treatment. The negative impacts of endophytes on P uptake were particularly strong under eCO2. We show that eCO2 and insect herbivory reduce and promote Si accumulation, respectively, incorporating some field conditions for the first time. This indicates that these drivers operate in a more realistic ecological context than previously demonstrated. Reduced uptake of P in endophytic plants may adversely affect plant productivity in the future, particularly if increased demand for P due to improved plant growth under eCO2 cannot be met.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Coupled anaerobic methane oxidation and metal reduction in soil under elevated CO2

Continued current emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) by human activities will increase global atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations and surface temperature significantly. Fields of paddy rice, the most important form of anthropogenic wetlands, account for about 9% of anthropogenic sources of CH4. Elevated atmospheric CO2 may enhance CH4 production in rice paddies, potentially reinforcing the increase in atmospheric CH4. However, what is not known is whether and how elevated CO2 influences CH4 consumption under anoxic soil conditions in rice paddies, as the net emission of CH4 is a balance of methanogenesis and methanotrophy. In this study, we used a long-term free-air CO2 enrichment experiment to examine the impact of elevated CO2 on the transformation of CH4 in a paddy rice agroecosystem. We demonstrate that elevated CO2 substantially increased anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to manganese and/or iron oxides reduction in the calcareous paddy soil. We further show that elevated CO2 may stimulate the growth and metabolism of Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens, which is actively involved in catalyzing AOM when coupled to metal reduction, mainly through enhancing the availability of soil CH4. These findings suggest that a thorough evaluation of climate-carbon cycle feedbacks may need to consider the coupling of methane and metal cycles in natural and agricultural wetlands under future climate change scenarios.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Elevated CO2 does not alter behavioural lateralization in free‐swimming juvenile European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) tested in groups

Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrate with oceanic CO2, contributing to ocean acidification (OA). OA can induce changes in fish behavioural lateralization (an expression of brain functional asymmetries) manifested in a left or right turning preference in detour tests. However, recent works find no such effects, and other work demonstrates assessment of turning preferences by detour tests to be a flawed methodology. Behavioural lateralization and OA effects on lateralization therefore need to be assessed with alternative paradigms. Here, we investigate left-right turning preferences of N=260 free-swimming juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) reared in either: ambient conditions; OA conditions; or reared in ambient conditions but tested in OA water. Fish were observed free-swimming in groups of 10 individuals in a circular tank, and individuals' turning preferences were quantified using trajectory data from video. In contrast to early studies, and in support of recent comprehensive work on coral reef fishes, we show that near future OA levels have no effect on behavioural lateralization (left–right turning preference) in juvenile European sea bass.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Herbivory and elevated levels of CO2 and nutrients separately, rather than synergistically, impacted biomass production and allocation in invasive and native plant species

Large parts of the Earth are experiencing environmental change caused by alien plant invasions, rising atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), and nutrient enrichments. Elevated CO2 and nutrient concentrations can separately favour growth of invasive plants over that of natives but how herbivory may modulate the magnitude and direction of net responses by the two groups of plants to simultaneous CO2 and nutrient enrichments remains unknown. In line with the enemy release hypothesis, invasive plant species should reallocate metabolites from costly anti-herbivore defences into greater growth following escape from intense herbivory in the native range. Therefore, invasive plants should have greater growth than natives under simultaneous CO2 and nutrient enrichments in the absence of herbivory. To test this prediction, we grew nine congeneric pairs of invasive and native plant species that naturally co-occurred in grasslands in China under two levels each of nutrient enrichment (low-nutrient vs. high-nutrient), herbivory (with herbivory vs. without herbivory) and under ambient (412 ± 0.6 ppm) and elevated (790.1 ± 6.2 ppm) levels of CO2 concentrations in open-top chambers in a common garden. Elevated CO2 and nutrient enrichment separately increased total plant biomass, while herbivory reduced it regardless of the plant invasive status. High-nutrient treatment caused the plants to allocate a significantly lower proportion of total biomass to roots, while herbivory induced an opposite pattern. Herbivory suppressed total biomass production more strongly in native plants than invasive plants. The plants exhibited significant interspecific and intergeneric variation in their responses to the various treatment combinations. Overall, these results suggest that elevated CO2 and nutrients and herbivory may separately, rather than synergistically, impact productivity of the invasive and co-occurring native plant species in our study system. Moreover, interspecific variation in resource-use strategies was more important than invasive status in determining plant responses to the various treatment combinations.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Is End Tidal CO2 Level Elevation During Upper Endoscopy With CO2 Gas Insufflation Physiologically Significant

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04541667. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 15.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

dryad36/100