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Fig. 6 in Unusual environmental conditions preserve a Permian mesosaur-bearing Konservat-Lagerstätte from Uruguay

Fig. 6. Gypsum crystals from the Early Permian Mangrullo Formation (Norteastern Uruguay). A. FC−DPV 2518, gypsum crystals surrounding a mesosaur skeleton. B. GMHR 0001, gypsum crystals associated with oil−shale deposits, with interpretive drawing of crystals in the left corner. C. GMHR 0002, impressions of the crystals found in non−bituminous shale. D. GMHR 0003, columnar gypsum crystals from bituminous shales.

Fig. 8 in Unusual environmental conditions preserve a Permian mesosaur-bearing Konservat-Lagerstätte from Uruguay

Fig. 8. Almost complete Mesosaurus tenuidens skull (FC−DPV 2061) from the Early Permian Mangrullo Formation (Northeastern Uruguay) preserved as an impression of the external surface of the roofing bones in original anatomical position. Photograph (A) and interpretive drawing (B). Most sutures can be reconstructed and the component bones are clearly delimited, a type of preservation rarely found in mesosaurids.

Fig. 5 in Unusual environmental conditions preserve a Permian mesosaur-bearing Konservat-Lagerstätte from Uruguay

Fig. 5. Mesosaurid palate (FC−DPV 2462) from the Early Permian Mangrullo Formation (Northeastern Uruguay), including palatine and vomer. Part (A) and counterpart (B). Note the oval area posterior to the choana, probably indicating the presence of a salt gland (see text for additional information). The white arrow marks the posterior boundary of the probable gland. Photographs (A1, B1), interpretive drawings (A2, B2).

Fig. 4 in Unusual environmental conditions preserve a Permian mesosaur-bearing Konservat-Lagerstätte from Uruguay

Fig. 4. Mesosaurid partial skulls from the Early Permian Mangrullo Formation (Northeastern, Uruguay) showing the position of the nariale obturatum foramen (nof). A. FC−DPV 2254, skull fragment showing the position of the nof related to the external naris and the delimiting bones. B. FC−DPV 2104, picture of a skull fragment showing the lacrimal duct emptying into the nof (white arrow on the picture). Photographs (A1, B1), interpretive drawings (A2, B2).

Fig. 12 in Unusual environmental conditions preserve a Permian mesosaur-bearing Konservat-Lagerstätte from Uruguay

Fig. 12. Partially articulated Mesosaurus tenuidens skeleton (FC−DPV 2156) from the Early Permian Mangrullo Formation (Northeastern Uruguay). A. General view of a fragment showing an internal mass of elements that are here interpreted as a gastric content. B. Close up view of the area delimited by the white rectangle in A, showing some of the identified elements (arrowheads point to small bones, probably from a very young mesosaur; arrows point at pygocephalomorph carapaces and abdominal segments). C. Another close up view of A, to show thoracic pygocephalomorph segments preserving part of the endofragmal skeleton (arrowhead) and the remains of a specimen that clearly shows still articulated thoracic and abdominal segments (arrow).

Fig. 11 in Unusual environmental conditions preserve a Permian mesosaur-bearing Konservat-Lagerstätte from Uruguay

Fig. 11. Almost complete pygocephalomorph specimens from the Early Permian Mangrullo Formation (Northeastern Uruguay). A. MGT 1092, a complete individual in ventral view, showing well preserved appendages. B. FC−DPI 3306, two small, probably juvenile individuals lie joined to the large carapace of an adult individual.

Fig. 7 in Unusual environmental conditions preserve a Permian mesosaur-bearing Konservat-Lagerstätte from Uruguay

Fig. 7. Carbonization and impressions of filamentous algal mats found in the oil−shale facies of the Early Permian Mangrullo Formation (Northeastern Uruguay). A. GMHR 0004. B. GMHR 0005.

Fig. 10 in Unusual environmental conditions preserve a Permian mesosaur-bearing Konservat-Lagerstätte from Uruguay

Fig. 10. Possible copula of pygocephalomorph crustaceans (FC−DPI 4468) from the Early Permian Mangrullo Formation (Northeastern Uruguay). Part (A) and counterpart (B), showing the position of the individuals with respect to each other. Photographs (A1, B1) and interpretive drawings (A2, B2).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in Feeding and body condition of an invasive fish species under different environmental conditions

Fig. 1. Sampling sites in the upper Paraná River floodplain. Ivinhema subsystem (1. Ventura Lake, 2. Patos Lake and 3. Ivinhema River), Baía subsystem (4. Guarana Lake, 5. Fechada Lake and 6. Baía River) and Paraná subsystem (7. Pau Veio backwater, 8. Paraná River and 9. Garças Lake).

FIGURE 4 in Biases in the study of relationships between biodiversity dynamics and fluctuation of environmental conditions

FIGURE 4. Evolution of the sea surface temperature. Comparison of the raw data (Martin et al., 2014) with the curve obtained with the mean for each time interval and the curve obtained with the theoretical data calculated from the polynomial curve, smoothing spline, and two curves with three-point moving average and with weighted three-point moving average approaches.

FIGURE 3 in Biases in the study of relationships between biodiversity dynamics and fluctuation of environmental conditions

FIGURE 3. Comparison of the crocodylomorph genus diversity used in various studies. 1, comparison of the number of genera used for each marine crocodylomorph group; 2, comparison of the percent of each group used in the marine crocodylomorph diversity (with and without metriorhynchoids).

FIGURE 2 in Biases in the study of relationships between biodiversity dynamics and fluctuation of environmental conditions

FIGURE 2. Comparison of the crocodylomorph species diversity used in various studies. 1, comparison of the number of species used for each marine crocodylomorph group; 2, comparison of the per cent of each group and of the genus Steneosaurus in the marine crocodylomorph diversity used (with and without metriorhynchoids).

FIGURE 1 in Biases in the study of relationships between biodiversity dynamics and fluctuation of environmental conditions

FIGURE 1. Comparison between the diversity count of Jurassic-Paleogene marine crocodylomorphs (excluding metriorhynchoids) of Martin et al. (2014) (excluding Pelagosaurus typus), with the data obtained in the present work after several corrections. All the data is phylogenetically corrected. The data used in the present work includes four new species, corrections for the number of Machimosaurus species, and taxonomical corrections (see text).

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Data from: Environmental conditions during development affect sexual selection through trait-fitness relationships

Sexual selection can be shaped by spatial variation in environmental features among populations. Differences in sexual selection among populations generated through the effects of the environment could be shaped via four paths: differences in mean absolute fitness, differences in the means or variances of phenotypes, or differences in the absolute fitness-trait function relationship. Because sexual selection only occurs during the adult life stage, most studies have focused on identifying environmental features that influence these metrics of fitness and trait distributions among adults. However, these adult features could also be affected by environmental factors experienced in early life stages that then shape the trajectory for sexual selection during the adult life stage. Here we investigated how among-population variation in environmental conditions during the juvenile (larval) stage of two species of Enallagma damselflies shapes sexual selection on male body size. We found that environmental factors related to predation pressures, lake primary productivity, and habitat availability have a role in shaping spatial variation in sexual selection. This acts mainly through how the environment affects absolute fitness-body size associations, not spatial variation in mean fitness or body size means and variances. These results demonstrate that the underpinnings of sexual selection in the wild can arise from environmental conditions during pre-reproductive life stages.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Fig.1 in Distribution Of Ixodes Ricinus (Arachnida, Ixodidae) In Ukraine In The Context Of Tick Hazard, And Factors Favoring Its Persistence In Conditions Of Fast-Going Environmental Change

Fig.1. The hiatus in the range that has been noted on the territory of Ukraine: 1 — European area of distribution; 2 — Crimean area of distribution; 3 — Caucasian-Western Asian area of distribution; 4 — zone of disjunction (after fig. 1 Akimov & Nebogatkin, 1996 with changes).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in Distribution Of Ixodes Ricinus (Arachnida, Ixodidae) In Ukraine In The Context Of Tick Hazard, And Factors Favoring Its Persistence In Conditions Of Fast-Going Environmental Change

Fig. 2. Distribution of I. ricinus on the territory of Ukraine, from the point of view of tick-borne danger.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

The trait-mediated trade-off between growth and survival depends on tree sizes and environmental conditions

Interspecific relationships between growth and survival are critical determinants of tree species diversity maintenance in forests. The trade-offs between growth and survival in co-occurring tree species are believed to arise along a continuum of life-history strategies. For example, co-occurring species range from those that grow slowly and survive well in resource-poor environments to those that grow quickly but have low survival rates in resource-rich environments. However, uncertainties remain regarding how growth-survival trade-offs are related to species traits, tree sizes, or environmental conditions. We examined how the relationships between species traits and growth–survival relationships shift in response to changes in stem sizes and across census periods with different climate conditions (frequency of strong winds, drought intensity) across 45 co-occurring tree species based on 23 years of growth and survival records in a warm temperate rain forest on Yakushima Island, Japan. We developed hierarchical Bayesian models of relative growth and survival rates, including leaf traits, wood density, and 95-percentile maximum stem diameter as explanatory variables. We tested the relationships between estimated trait-mediated growth–survival relationships and the intensities of climate events during five census periods. Each trait's effects on growth–survival relationships differed across the five census periods in response to climate conditions. Interspecific growth–survival relationships affected by a single trait axis for leaves or wood tended to be negative. In contrast, those affected by the maximum stem diameter tended to be positive. Such trends increased with more frequent strong winds or more intense droughts. The single-trait effects on growth–survival relationships were stronger for smaller sizes than for larger sizes. For all traits combined, we found a significant growth–survival trade-off only for small-sized stems in three of five census periods. Synthesis: Our results indicate that the effect of species traits on the growth–survival relationships depended on tree sizes, the census periods, or both in response to the frequency or intensity of climate events. We argue the importance of incorporating spatial and temporal variations in environmental conditions into long-term data from tree census to predict forest dynamics.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Russian Arctic Vegetation Archive – a new database of plant community composition and environmental conditions

The goal of the Russian Arctic Vegetation Archive is to unite and harmonize data of plot-based plant species and their abundance, vegetation structure and environmental variables from the Russian Arctic (including historical Soviet data). This database can be used to assess the status of the Russian Arctic vegetation and as a baseline to assess biodiversity changes in the future. The archive can be used for scientific studies as well as to inform nature protection and restoration efforts.

publicJun 2025View details →

Data from: Environmental conditions and individual characteristics influence movement patterns of juvenile Passerculus sandwichensis (Savannah sparrow) throughout the post-fledging period

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