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484 results for “environmental effects”
FIGURE 1 in Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams
FIGURE 1 | Location of the 45 streams sampled for fish in urban area within Cuiabá, Mato Grosso state, midwestern Brazil. The gray area indicates impervious surfaces. The color gradient indicates the proportion of impervious surfaces in a 500 m buffer around each stream; the closer to one the value is, the higher the quantity of urban infrastructure around the stream. The continuous lines indicate the hydrography. The dashed lines indicate the political boundary of Cuiabá with the neighboring municipality of Várzea Grande.
Fig. 2 in The effect of various environmental factors on the distribution of terrestric slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Arionidae) - An exemplary study
Fig. 2: Scheme illustrating the study area with its four sub-units. The area is characterized by the alternating sequence of small forests and meadows exhibiting a predominance of different plant associations, respectively. The sketch below shows the arrangement of single sample points within each of the four areas.
Fig. 3 in The effect of various environmental factors on the distribution of terrestric slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Arionidae) - An exemplary study
Fig. 3: Distribution maps for the slug groups investigated in this study. As clearly recognizable from the graphs, at the time of the investigation slug distribution within the forest areas is more highly developed with respect to that on the meadows.
Fig. 1 in The effect of various environmental factors on the distribution of terrestric slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Arionidae) - An exemplary study
Fig. 1: Drawings illustrating the size and habit of the four snail species which were included into the present investigation: a) Arion ater, b) A. subfuscus agg., c) A. fasciatus agg., d) A. hortensis agg.
Data for: Combining environmental niche models, multi-grain analyses, and species traits identifies pervasive effects of land use on butterfly biodiversity across Italy
<p><span>Understanding how species respond to human activities is paramount to ecology and conservation science, one outstanding question being how large-scale patterns in land use affect biodiversity. To facilitate answering this question, we propose a novel analytical framework that combines Environmental Niche Models, multi-grain analyses, and species traits. We illustrate the framework capitalizing on the most extensive dataset compiled to date for the butterflies of Italy (106,514 observations for 288 species), assessing how agriculture and urbanization have affected biodiversity of these taxa from landscape to regional scales (3–48 km grains) across the country while accounting for its steep climatic gradients.</span></p> <p><span>Multiple lines of evidence suggest pervasive and scale-dependent effects of land use on butterflies in Italy. While land use explained patterns in species richness primarily at grains ≤ 12 km, idiosyncratic responses in species highlighted "winners" and "losers" across human-dominated regions. Detrimental effects of agriculture and urbanization emerged from landscape (3-km grain) to regional (48-km grain) scales, disproportionally affecting small butterflies and butterflies with a short flight curve. Human activities have therefore reorganized the biogeography of Italian butterflies, filtering out species with poor dispersal capacity and narrow niche breadth not only from local assemblages but also from regional species pools. </span></p> <p><span>These results suggest that global conservation efforts neglecting large-scale patterns in land use risk falling short of their goals, even for taxa typically assumed to persist in small natural areas (e.g., invertebrates). Our study also confirms that consideration of spatial scales will be crucial to implementing effective conservation actions in the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. In this context, applications of the proposed analytical framework have broad potential to identify which mechanisms underlie biodiversity change at different spatial scales. </span></p> <p><span><em>Funding statement: </em>FR is supported by the PROBAE project "Protect butterflies across Europe through climate refugia" funded by the European Commission through Horizon 2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) individual fellowship, reintegration panel (Grant agreement ID: 101024579). Open Access Funding provided by Universita degli Studi di Torino within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.</span></p>
Environmental context and herbivore traits mediate the strength of associational effects in a meta-analysis of crop diversity
<p>1. Crop diversification offers a promising solution to meet expanding global food demands while maintaining ecosystem services. Diversification strategies that employ mixed planting to reduce pest damage (e.g., intercropping), termed "associational effects" (AE) in the ecological literature, can decrease (associational resistance) or increase (associational susceptibility) herbivore abundance on a focal plant. While application of AE to agroecosystems typically reduces pest abundance, the range of outcomes varies widely.</p> <p>2. We conducted a meta-analysis using 272 estimates of insect herbivore abundance on crops neighbored by a conspecific or heterospecific from 44 studies undertaken on six continents. We focus on four agricultural crops well-represented from sites across the globe to test hypotheses related to understanding how herbivore traits (diet breadth, feeding guild, origin), plant traits (crop type, phylogenetic distance to neighbor), and environmental context (climate, experimental design) contribute to variation in the outcomes of associational effects.</p> <p>3. Overall, bicultures provided a strong reduction of insect abundance on the focal crop. Climate and interactions between herbivore traits, particularly diet breadth and origin, and plant traits or environmental context mediated the strength of associational effects.</p> <p>4. Bicultures provided the strongest reductions in insect abundance at low latitudes and this effect decreased at higher latitudes, but only for insects with certain traits. Abundance of generalist herbivores and globally distributed pests tended to be most strongly negatively affected by bicultures, under certain contexts, whereas specialist herbivores and native pests were less affected by neighbors.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and application. This meta-analysis highlights that variability in AE is determined in part by the interactive effects of herbivore traits and environmental context and provides guidance for incorporating beneficial ecological interactions into integrated pest management strategies.</p>
Transgenerational effect on sexual reproduction in rotifer populations in relation to the environmental predictability of their habitats
<p>Understanding the processes that enable adaptation of organisms to time-varying environments is critically relevant in evolutionary ecology. A way to cope with environmental fluctuations where predictable conditions affect several generations of individuals is through non-genetic transgenerational effects. The phenotype of ancestors affects the phenotype of their descendants matching it with the expected environment of the latter. Facultatively sexual rotifers inhabiting water bodies that cover a wide gradient of environmental predictability in Eastern Spain are a good study model for this topic. In their life cycle sex is linked to diapausing-egg production that enables survival between growing seasons. In several rotifer species, sexual reproduction is inhibited in several generations after diapausing-egg hatching. We hypothesized that in ponds where the growing season length is more predictable, rotifer clones proliferate asexually longer, hence allowing a fuller exploitation of the growing season and therefore maximize diapausing-egg production by the end of the season. We tested this prediction by estimating the proportion of sexual females produced by eight clones of the rotifer <em>Brachionus plicatilis</em> inhabiting eight ponds (8x8= 64 clones) from our study system. Here, we present the raw data gathered from the experiment. </p>
Mean species responses predict effects of environmental change on coexistence
<p>Environmental change research is plagued by the curse of dimensionality: the number of communities at risk and the number of environmental drivers are both large. This raises the pressing question if a general understanding of ecological effects is achievable. These data show that this is indeed possible. It contains code that calculates the feasibility domain size (a proxy for coexistence) for bi- and tritrophic communities challenged by environmental change. Some of this code simply returns the output of a closed-form expressions (i.e. simple equations), while some rely on simulations that require specific packages.</p> <p>The data also contain presence/absence data of macroinvertebrate taxa and water chemistry variables measured across sites (that are either severely or weakly modified by human activity, quantified via land use) at US streams. With these data, we were able to test if sites that share the same community have similar water chemistry, in other words: how tightly is a community linked to a certain water chemistry? This analysis demonstrates how to apply our theory to the analysis of field data, and lends support to effects of land use change on coexistence in natural invertebrate communities.</p>
Fine-root production in boreal peatland forests: effects of stand and environmental factors
<p>Fine-root production (FRP) data along with climatic variables (annual precipitation, temperature sum, and latitude) and stand variables (tree stand stem volume; tree stand basal area; stand basal area of tree species including Scots pine, Norway spruce and deciduous trees; site type; peat type; peat depth; C:N ratio of topmost 20 cm peat layer; grouping of sites to nutrient rich and nutrient poo; average soil water-table level) from 28 forestry-drained peatland forest sites in Finland,</p> <p>FRP and its depth distribution were estimated using ingrowth cores. The ingrowth cores were installed between October 15th and November 27th, 2013, and recovered after two years in late November 2015.</p>
SOCIOECONOMIC, DEMOGRAPHIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND COVID - 19 VACCINATION: INTERACTIONS AFFECTING EFFECTIVENESS
<p>This study analyses the relation between people fully vaccinated and mortality to assess the effectiveness of this health policy to cope with COVID-19 pandemic between a sample of 150 countries. Statistical analyses show a positive correlation between share of people fully vaccinated and total COVID-19 mortality in early 2022 (r= 0.65, p-value <.01). These results suggest that COVID-19 vaccinations cannot be a sufficient policy response to eradicate the overall negative impact of the new infectious disease in society. Although high levels of vaccinations in some countries, many demographic (density of population), environmental (air pollution), technological (equipment of non-invasive ventilators), biological (new variants), socioeconomic (health expenditures) factors, etc., influence the diffusion and negative effects of COVID-19 pandemic society. This study can provide new knowledge to improve crisis management and the preparedness of countries to cope with or prevent future pandemic crisis and negative effects in socioeconomic systems.</p>
Replication data for: IT Governance as Drivers of Dynamic Capabilities to Gain Corporate Performance Under the Effects of Environmental Dynamism.
<p>Este estudo, baseado em dados de 147 empresas brasileiras da base de dados artigo-científica, explora o papel vital da governança de TI na promoção da inovação e no aprimoramento de capacidades operacionais para melhorar a eficiência corporativa em ambientes de negócios voláteis. A análise estatística destacou a importância da estratégia de orientação das empresas na maximização do valor e impacto da governança de TI, dependendo do nível de dinamismo ambiental. Os resultados sublinham a relevância da governança de TI na promoção de capacidades dinâmicas e na geração de retornos econômicos.</p>
Replication data for: The Effect of IS-Innovation Strategy Alignment on Corporate Performance: Investigating the Role of Environmental Uncertainty by Heterogeneity
<p>A base de dados técnico-científica de 856 empresas brasileiras examinou o alinhamento entre sistemas de informação estratégicos (ISS), na abordagem da estratégia como prática, e inovação de exploration e exploitation, e seu impacto no desempenho corporativo (CP) sobre incerteza ambiental. Os resultados mostram que todos os tipos de alinhamento entre ISS e inovação influenciam positivamente o CP. O alinhamento com inovação ambidestra teve um impacto 62% maior no CP do que o alinhamento com inovações incrementais. Além disso, inovações disruptivas tiveram efeitos positivos em ambientes hostis, enquanto inovações exploratórias e ambidestras tiveram impactos fortes em ambientes altamente dinâmicos.</p>
Data for: Combining environmental niche models, multi-grain analyses, and species traits identifies pervasive effects of land use on butterfly biodiversity across Italy
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Mean species responses predict effects of environmental change on coexistence
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Data from: Testing the evolutionary potential of an alpine plant: Phenotypic plasticity in response to growth temperature outweighs parental environmental effects and other genetic causes of variation
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The effect of urbanisation and local environmental heterogeneity on phenotypic variability of a tropical treefrog
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Data from: The city and forest bird flock together in a common garden: Genetic and environmental effects drive urban phenotypic divergence
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Negative parental and offspring environmental effects of macroalgae on coral recruitment are linked with alterations in the coral larval microbiome
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Data and R-scripts from: Multiple stressors: negative effects of nest predation on the viability of a threatened gull in different environmental conditions
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Environmental effects on genetic variance are likely to constrain adaptation in novel environments
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.