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79 results for “environmental filtering”

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dryad32/100

Data from: Environmental filtering improves ecological niche models across multiple scales

1. A clear challenge for ecological niche modeling is determining how to best mitigate the effects of sampling bias from commonly collected biodiversity data. Recent approaches have focused on filtering occurrences in overrepresented regions based on geographic or environmental proximity. 2. We tested the efficacy of filtering in geographic and environmental space using occurrence data from four species. Our evaluation strategies examined 14 distance measures in geographic and environmental spaces and eight combinations of environmental variables and their ordinations. This resulted in 78 datasets for each species, which we evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), the difference between training and testing AUC, omission rate, the true skill statistic, and Schoener's D to examine the effects of different filtering schemes. 3. The degree of change produced by filtering on predicted suitability and evaluation statistics increased with increasing range size. Environmental filtering resulted in higher model fit at larger extents and retained more occurrences than geographic filtering. 4. Our results indicate that models should be evaluated using multiple evaluation statistics at multiple thresholds. The use of bin sizes when filtering in environmental space allows for simple comparison between species and filter types and makes for an easily reportable and repeatable distance metric. We specifically recommend that ecological niche models using natural history collection data filter in environmental space with variables derived from permutation importance or the first few axes of a principal components ordination.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Do priority effects outweigh environmental filtering in a guild of dominant freshwater macroinvertebrates?

Abiotic conditions have long been considered essential in structuring freshwater macroinvertebrate communities. Ecological drift, dispersal, and biotic interactions also structure communities, and although these mechanisms are more difficult to detect, they may be of equal importance in natural communities. Here, we hypothesized that in ten naturally-replicated headwater streams in Eastern Switzerland, locally-dominant amphipod species would be associated with differences in environmental conditions. We conducted repeated surveys of amphipods and used a hierarchical joint species distribution model to assess the influence of different drivers on species co-occurrences. The species had unique environmental requirements, but a distinct spatial structure in their distributions was unrelated to habitat. Species co-occurred much less frequently than predicted by the model, which was surprising because laboratory and field evidence suggests they are capable of coexisting in equal densities. We suggest that niche preemption may limit their distribution and that a blocking effect related to the specific linear configuration of streams determines which species colonizes and dominates a given stream catchment, thus suggesting a new solution a long-standing conundrum in freshwater ecology.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Joint effects of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation on species assemblage of the Tibetan Plateau

Aim Mountains harbour a rich and non-random cluster of species, yet knowledge on the species' biological attributes that support species coexistence in the montane community is limited. Here, we investigated the association of species occurrence on the Tibetan Plateau with species' morphological, ecological or evolutionary constraints. Location Tibetan Plateau (TP) Taxon Mammals and birds Methods We tested whether species occurrence on the TP correlates with morphological, ecological, or evolutionary constraints using the spatial distribution, phylogeny, dispersal ability, and thermal niche property data for 1,353 terrestrial vertebrates (383 mammals and 970 birds). We used standard (non-phylogenetic) and phylogenetic logistic regressions to disentangle the relative contributions of these attributes of species in explaining the species occurrence on the TP. We assessed the geographical patterns of community structures on the TP and fit linear mixed models to explore the underlying eco-evolutionary forces. Results The TP species exhibited a higher cold tolerance, wider thermal niche breadth, and higher rate of niche evolution than the non-TP species. We supported the assumption that the TP species was not a random subset from the species pool, but was structured jointly by environmental filtering and dispersal limitation. While dispersal and ecological processes underlying species assemblages varied spatially and among taxa, we found that species in stressful environments was limited by environmental filtering, whereas dispersal limitation was more pronounced under favourable climatic conditions. Main conclusions Our study finds that environmental filtering and dispersal limitation jointly shape the species assemblage on the TP. These findings provide significant insights into community assembly processes on the TP and other montane ecosystems on Earth, especially those that are sensitive to global warming.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

zenodo32/100

Disentangling the role of environmental filtering and biotic resistance on alien invasions in a reservoir area

Data from: Disentangling the role of environmental filtering and biotic resistance on alien invasions in a reservoir area

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Dispersal versus environmental filtering in a dynamic system: drivers of vegetation patterns and diversity along stream riparian gradients

1. Both environmental filtering and dispersal filtering are known to influence plant species distribution patterns and biodiversity. Particularly in dynamic habitats, however, it remains unclear whether environmental filtering (stimulated by stressful conditions) or dispersal filtering (during re-colonization events) dominates in community assembly, or how they interact. Such a fundamental understanding of community assembly is critical to the design of biodiversity conservation and restoration strategies. 2. Stream riparian zones are species-rich dynamic habitats. They are characterized by steep hydrological gradients likely to promote environmental filtering, and by spatiotemporal variation in the arrival of propagules likely to promote dispersal filtering. We quantified the contributions of both filters by monitoring natural seed arrival (dispersal filter) and experimentally assessing germination, seedling survival and growth of 17 riparian plant species (environmental filter) along riparian gradients of three lowland streams that were excavated to bare substrate for restoration. Subsequently, we related spatial patterns in each process to species distribution and diversity patterns after 1 and 2 years of succession. 3. Patterns in initial seed arrival were very clearly reflected in species distribution patterns in the developing vegetation and were more significant than environmental filtering. However, environmental filtering intensified towards the wet end of the riparian gradient, particularly through effects of flooding on survival and growth, which strongly affected community diversity and generated a gradient in the vegetation. Strikingly, patterns in seed arrival foreshadowed the gradient that developed in the vegetation; seeds of species with adult optima at wetter conditions dominated seed arrival at low elevations along the riparian gradient while seeds of species with drier optima arrived higher up. Despite previous assertions suggesting a dominance of environmental filtering, our results demonstrate that nonrandom dispersal may be an important driver of early successional riparian vegetation zonation and biodiversity patterns as well. 4. Synthesis: Our results demonstrate (and quantify) the strong roles of both environmental and dispersal filtering in determining plant community assemblies in early successional dynamic habitats. Furthermore, we demonstrate that dispersal filtering can already initiate vegetation gradients, a mechanism that may have been overlooked along many environmental gradients where interspecific interactions are (temporarily) reduced.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

dryad32/100

The contribution of environmental and dispersal filters on beta diversity patterns in Amazonian tree communities

Environmental filters (e.g. climate, geomorphology and soils) and dispersal filters are key determinants of species distributions of Amazonian tree communities. However, a comprehensive analysis of the role of environmental and dispersal filters is needed to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that drive phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover of Amazonian tree communities. We compare measures of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity in 40 one-hectare plots to test the relative importance of climate, soils, geology, geomorphology, pure spatial variables and the spatial variation of environmental drivers of phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover in Ecuadorian Amazon tree communities. We found low phylogenetic and high taxonomic turnover with respect to environmental and dispersal filters. In addition, our results suggest that climate is a significantly better predictor of phylogenetic turnover and species turnover than geomorphology and soils at all spatial scales. The influence of climate as a predictor of phylogenetic turnover was stronger at broader spatial scales (50 km2) whereas geomorphology and soils appear to be better predictors of taxonomic turnover at mid (5 km2) and fine spatial scales (0.5 km2) but a weak predictor of phylogenetic turnover at broad spatial scales. We also found that the combined effect of geomorphology and soils was significantly higher for species turnover at all spatial scales but not for phylogenetic turnover at large spatial scales. Geographic distances as proxy of dispersal limitation was a better predictor of phylogenetic turnover at distances of 50<500 km. Our findings suggest that climatic variation at local and regional scales can better predict phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover than geomorphology and soils.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

dryad32/100

Data for: Environmental filtering drives biodiversity‒spatial stability relationships in a large temperate forest region

<ol> <li>The assumption that greater biodiversity enhances ecosystem stability, commonly known as "portfolio effect", has attracted considerable research attention. However, the potential portfolio effects on spatial stability (the similarity of ecosystem functioning among forest communities) are still poorly examined especially at different spatial scales and under varying environmental stress conditions. Accordingly, this study investigates the biodiversity-spatial stability relationship among regional communities across different spatial scales and environmental conditions in a temperate forest region.</li> <li>We define spatial stability as the invariability of the productivity of woody plants among plots within a regional community. To test spatial stability, the N closest plots to a given plot were aggregated to form regional communities representing different spatial scales. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate how biodiversity (including taxonomic (TD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD)) increases spatial stability via species asynchrony and/or population stability across spatial scales. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling was used to evaluate the environmental dependence of the portfolio effects on spatial stability.</li> <li>TD and PD both increased spatial stability by increasing asynchrony, but decreased population stability. The portfolio effect of TD on spatial stability became stronger and reached saturation at the intermediate scale and then decreased as regional communities became larger. The portfolio effects of TD were weaker under the stressful conditions of drought, high precipitation seasonality and high elevation but unchanged across temperature seasonality and human disturbance. PD showed no discernable effect on spatial stability and did not change across spatial scale and environmental condition.</li> <li>Our results suggest that the positive effect of biodiversity on species asynchrony overcomes the negative biodiversity effect on population stability to buffer the spatial change in productivity in diverse communities. Future research on the biodiversity–spatial stability relationship may thus benefit from incorporating different spatial scales and environmental conditions into the analysis. </li> </ol>

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

dryad32/100

Data for taxon-dependent effects of dispersal limitation versus environmental filters on bryophyte assemblages―Multiple perspective studies in land-bridge islands

Aim: To explore the taxon-dependent contribution of dispersal limitation vs. environmental filters to bryophyte assemblages. Location: The Thousand Island Lake, China Taxon: Bryophytes Methods: We compared the observed beta diversity with the expected values based on six null models (EE, EF, FE, FF, PE, PF) and detected the partial correlation of beta diversity with geographical distances. We quantified the contributions of spatial vs. environmental variables, and island isolation per se to species composition (SC) by using variance partitioning. We modeled the species-area relationships (SARs) for bryophytes and other eight biotas. To explore the taxon-dependent effects of spatial vs. environmental filters on bryophytes, sixteen taxa including five categories (total bryophytes, total mosses, liverworts, acrocarpous and pleurocarpous mosses) and eleven species-richest families were included in the analyses. Results: The observed beta diversity values were significantly different from the predicted values based on the six null models for all 16 taxa. For all five categories, the observed partial correlations between beta diversity and geographical distance after controlling environmental effects were not only positive but also significantly different from the predicted values based on the null models. Spatial eigenvectors are more important in shaping SC than environmental variables for all 16 taxa except Brachytheciaceae and Anomodontaceae. Spatial eigenvectors contributed more to SC variation in liverworts than in mosses, and in pleurocarpous mosses than in acrocarpous mosses. The effects of island isolation on SC were significant for all five categories and varied highly at the family level. The z-values of the SARs for the five bryophyte categories were all larger than those of the other eight biotas. Main conclusions: In subtropical fragmented forests, dispersal limitation exerted significant, taxon-dependent effects on bryophyte assemblages. It was dispersal limitation rather than environmental filtering that predominantly regulated SC patterns of bryophytes.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Environmental filtering of life-history trait diversity in urban populations of Arabidopsis thaliana

The challenges to which plants are exposed in urban environments represent, in miniature, the challenges plants face as a result of global environmental change. Hence, urban habitats provide a unique opportunity to assess whether processes of local adaptation are taking place despite the short temporal and geographical scales that characterize the Anthropocene. We quantified the ecological diversity of urban habitats hosting A. thaliana populations. Using plant community indicators, we show that these patches differ in their levels of soil nutrient content and disturbance. Accordingly, plants in each patch displayed a range of flowering time, size and fitness. Using a deep sampling approach coupled with reduced genome-sequencing, we demonstrate that most individuals can be assigned to a limited set of clonal lineages; the genetic diversity of these lineages is a sample of the diversity observed in western European populations of the species, indicating that established urban populations originate from a broad regional pool of lineages. We assessed the genetic and phenotypic diversity of these lineages in a set of common garden experiments. We report marked genetic differences in life-history traits, including time of primary and secondary dormancy as well as of flowering. These genetic differences in life-history traits are not randomly distributed but sorted out by ecological differences among sites of origin. Synthesis: Our study shows that the genetically diverse phenology of a regional A. thaliana gene pool is not randomly distributed but filtered by heterogeneity in the urban environment. To out knowledge, this report is the first to show a pattern indicative of environmental filtering enhancing local genetic adaptation within urban environments. We conclude that environmental filtering helps maintain functional diversity within species.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

dryad32/100