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262 results for “environmental variation”
Data from: Testing the evolutionary potential of an alpine plant: Phenotypic plasticity in response to growth temperature outweighs parental environmental effects and other genetic causes of variation
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Data from: Age and growth of stocked juvenile Shoal Bass in a tailwater: environmental variation and accuracy of daily age estimates
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Accounting for environmental variation in co‐occurrence modelling reveals the importance of positive interactions in root‐associated fungal communities
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Individual variation in the avian gut microbiota: The influence of host state and environmental heterogeneity
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Slower environmental cycles maintain greater life-history variation within populations
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Data from: Environmental gradients shape genetic variation in the desert moss, Syntrichia caninervis Mitt. (Pottiaceae)
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Individual variation in spawning migration timing in a salmonid fish—exploring roles of environmental and social cues
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Data from: Additive genetic and environmental variation interact to shape the dynamics of seasonal migration in a wild bird population
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Data from: Environmental variation associated with topography explains butterfly diversity along a tropical elevation gradient
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Data from: Environmental variation influences genome evolution in Hispaniolan trunk anoles (<i>Anolis distichus</i>)
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Data from: Metabarcoding of soil environmental DNA replicates plant community variation but not specificity
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Linking spatial variations in life-history traits to environmental conditions across American black bear populations
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Data from: Avoiding dead ends: the experimental evolution of constraint as adaptation to environmental variation
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The importance of variation in vital rates and environmental resource availability in predicting demography of a rare understory herb
Plant demography is a function of both the vital rate characteristics of a species (i.e., survival, growth, and reproduction) and the environmental factors that interact with them to create population dynamics. A more detailed understanding of how local-scale environmental factors and variation in individual vital rates shape population-level demographic patterns is needed to improve predictions of population responses to environmental change and implement successful plant conservation strategies. In this study, we examined how individual vital rates for Shortia galacifolia, an endangered, evergreen herb endemic to the southern Blue Ridge Mountains, USA, change as a function of individual size and resource availability and how that variation affects Shortia demography at four sites representing natural and introduced populations using integral projection models (IPMs). We found that Shortia population growth is positively related to individual size and soil moisture. Changes in soil moisture availability altered the importance of survival and growth in predicting Shortia demography but did not affect the contribution of asexual reproduction for most sites. Moreover, changes in vital rate contributions under a low soil moisture scenario were limited to introduced populations growing outside Shortia’s natural climate envelope. Our study underscores the importance of quantifying the influence of individual state characteristics and environmental variables on different vital rates among natural and introduced populations and demonstrates how the combination of these factors can contribute to the success or failure of rare plant populations.
Environmental correlates of reptile variation on the Houtman Abrolhos archipelago, eastern Indian Ocean
Aim: To examine the relationships between island environmental attributes, both biotic and abiotic, and three measures of reptilian variation – species assemblage, species richness, and body size distributions. Location: Houtman Abrolhos archipelago, Western Australia. Taxon: Reptiles. Methods: Nineteen islands were sampled from 2002 - 2012 using foraging and trapping. Body size (snout-vent length) was measured on first capture. Island size varied from 0.3 - 587 ha, encompassing the three geomorphic island types, the three bathymetric groups, and a range of other environmental attributes. Results: From about 1500 captures, 24 reptile species were recorded, including three previously undocumented on the archipelago, and 55 records of species not previously recorded on specific islands. Four significantly different reptile assemblage groups were identified. These were highly correlated with geomorphological composition - two groups encompassing the three large aeolianite islands; another the high rock islands and the largest composite island; and a fourth consisting of the remaining composite islands with one very small high rock island. Both assemblage and richness on islands were significantly correlated with island area, geomorphology and native plant species richness. Of the 13 species captured frequently, eleven showed statistically significant inter-island variation in body size, and two exhibited sexual dimorphism. In three species, size was also correlated with environmental attributes, including reptile species richness, native plant richness, geomorphology and island area. Six of the eleven species captured on the two largest islands (both aeolianite) differed in size on these adjacent islands. Main Conclusions: High inter-island variation in body size and assemblage composition suggest strong differential selection since the most recent isolation event at 6,500 bp. Anthropogenic disturbances over the last 150 years have resulted in several island extinctions. Species assemblage and richness are strongly associated with environmental attributes. Inter-island body size variation in three species revealed idiosyncratic responses to environmental pressures. Results provide guidance for effective conservation and management strategies, and evidence for the extinction debts inherent in more recently fragmented mainland habitats.
Data from: Population variation, environmental gradients, and the evolutionary ecology of plant defense against herbivory
A central tenet of plant defense theory is that adaptation to the abiotic environment sets the template for defense strategies, imposing a tradeoff between plant growth and defense. Yet, this tradeoff, commonly found among species occupying divergent resource environments, may not occur across populations of single species. We hypothesized that more favorable climates and higher levels of herbivory would lead to increases in growth and defense across plant populations. We evaluated whether plant growth and defense traits co-varied across 18 populations of showy milkweed (Asclepias speciosa) inhabiting an east-west climate gradient, spanning 25° of longitude. A suite of traits impacting defense (e.g., latex, cardenolides), growth (e.g., size), or both (e.g., SLA, trichomes) were measured in natural populations and in a common garden, allowing us to evaluate plastic and genetically based variation in these traits. In natural populations, herbivore pressure increased towards warmer sites with longer growing seasons. Growth and defense traits showed strong clinal patterns and were positively correlated. In a common garden, clines with climatic origin were only recapitulated for defense traits. Correlations between growth and defense traits were also weaker and more negative in the common garden compared to the natural populations. Thus, our data suggest that climatically favorable sites likely facilitate the evolution of greater defense at minimal costs to growth, likely because of increased resource acquisition.
Data from: Genetic by environmental variation but no local adaptation in oysters (Crassostrea virginica)
Functional trait variation within and across populations can strongly influence population, community, and ecosystem processes, but the relative contributions of genetic vs. environmental factors to this variation are often not clear, potentially complicating conservation and restoration efforts. For example, local adaptation, a particular type of genetic by environmental (G*E) interaction in which the fitness of a population in its own habitat is greater than in other habitats, is often invoked in management practices, even in the absence of supporting evidence. Despite increasing attention to the potential for G*E interactions, few studies have tested multiple populations and environments simultaneously, limiting our understanding of the spatial consistency in patterns of adaptive genetic variation. In addition, few studies explicitly differentiate adaptation in response to predation from other biological and environmental factors. We conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment of first-generation eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) juveniles from six populations across three field sites spanning 1000 km in the southeastern Atlantic Bight in both the presence and absence of predation to test for G*E variation in this economically valuable and ecologically important species. We documented significant G*E variation in survival and growth, yet there was no evidence for local adaptation. Condition varied across oyster cohorts: Offspring of northern populations had better condition than offspring from the center of our region. Oyster populations in the southeastern Atlantic Bight differ in juvenile survival, growth, and condition, yet offspring from local broodstock do not have higher survival or growth than those from farther away. In the absence of population-specific performance information, oyster restoration and aquaculture may benefit from incorporating multiple populations into their practices.
Data from: Environmental variation is a major predictor of global trait turnover in mammals
Aim: To evaluate how environment and evolutionary history interact to influence global patterns of mammal trait diversity (a combination of 14 morphological and life-history traits). Location: The global terrestrial environment. Taxon: Terrestrial mammals. Methods: We calculated patterns of spatial turnover for mammalian traits and phylogenetic lineages using the mean nearest taxon distance. We then used a variance partitioning approach to establish the relative contribution of trait conservatism, ecological adaptation and clade specific ecological preferences on global trait turnover. Results: We provide a global scale analysis of trait turnover across mammalian terrestrial assemblages, which demonstrates that phylogenetic turnover by itself does not predict trait turnover better than random expectations. Conversely, trait turnover is consistently more strongly associated with environmental variation than predicted by our null models. The influence of clade-specific ecological preferences, reflected by the shared component of phylogenetic turnover and environmental variation, was considerably higher than expectations. Although global patterns of trait turnover are dependent on the trait under consideration, there is a consistent association between trait turnover and environmental predictive variables, regardless of the trait considered. Main conclusions: Our results suggest that changes in phylogenetic composition are not always coupled with changes in trait composition on a global scale and that environmental conditions are strongly associated with patterns of trait composition across species assemblages, both within and across phylogenetic clades.
Data from: Pan-genome analysis highlights the role of structural variation in the evolution and environmental adaptation of Asian honeybees
<p>The <em>Asian honeybee</em>, <em>Apis cerana</em>, is an ecologically and economically important pollinator. Mapping its genetic variation is key to understanding population-level health, histories, and potential capacities to respond to environmental changes. However, most efforts to date were focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on a single reference genome, thereby ignoring larger-scale genomic variation. We employed long-read sequencing technologies to generate a chromosome-scale reference genome for the ancestral group of<em> A. cerana</em>. Integrating this with 525 resequencing datasets, we constructed the first pan-genome of <em>A. cerana</em>, encompassing almost the entire gene content. We found that 31.32% of genes in the pan-genome were variably present across populations, providing a broad gene pool for environmental adaptation. We identified and characterized structural variations (SVs) and found that they were not closely linked with SNP distributions, however, the formation of SVs was closely associated with transposable elements. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis using SVs revealed a novel <em>A. cerana</em> ecological group not recoverable from the SNP data. Performing environmental association analysis identified a total of 44 SVs likely to be associated with environmental adaptation. Verification and analysis of one of these, a 330 bp deletion in the Atpalpha gene, indicated that this SV may promote the cold adaptation of <em>A. cerana</em> by altering gene expression. Taken together, our study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of applying pan-genome approaches to map and explore genetic feature variations of honeybee populations, and in particular to examine the role of SVs in the evolution and environmental adaptation of <em>A. cerana</em>.</p>
V2 - Space use of invertebrates in terrestrial habitats: phylogenetic, functional and environmental drivers of interspecific variations
<p>VERSION 2</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.