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FIGURE 1. Hierochloe sect. Monoecia micromorphology details. A–C. Leaf transverse section. A. H. pusilla, leaf transverse section open with round ribs. B. H. juncifolia, leaf transverse section closed with polygonal ribs. C. H. redolens var. altissima, leaf transverse section open with quadrangular ribs. D–F. Leaf epidermis. D. H. redolens var. gunckelii, adaxial epidermis with long cells type I3 and stomata. E. H. pusilla, leaf epidermis with long cells type I3 and short cells S5 in A revision of Hierochloe sect. Monoecia (Anthoxanthinae, Pooideae, Poaceae)
FIGURE 1. Hierochloe sect. Monoecia micromorphology details. A–C. Leaf transverse section. A. H. pusilla, leaf transverse section open with round ribs. B. H. juncifolia, leaf transverse section closed with polygonal ribs. C. H. redolens var. altissima, leaf transverse section open with quadrangular ribs. D–F. Leaf epidermis. D. H. redolens var. gunckelii, adaxial epidermis with long cells type I3 and stomata. E. H. pusilla, leaf epidermis with long cells type I3 and short cells S5 (round). F. H. juncifolia, leaf epidermis with long cells type I3 and short cells S2 (ax shaped).
Figure 2 from: Corti E, Palchetti E, Biricolti S, Gori M, Tani C, Squillace A, Pittella A, Papini A, Falsini S (2021) Histochemical observations in Piper malgassicum (Piperaceae) with a special focus on the epidermis. Italian Botanist 12: 29-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.12.70675
Figure 2 Cross-sections of P. malgassicum leaf, LM images A–D are cross-section of P. malgassicum leaf F, GLM observations with polarized light H, ILM observations using birefringence filter A portion of the leaf lamina B detail of image A C detail of image B D detail of C with stomata E portion of the leaf lamina. Presence of CaOx crystals (white arrows) within cells as well as embedded in vascular bundlecell walls F cross-section of the leaf through midrib. Abundance of CaOx crystals (white arrows) close to the bundles and embedded in the cell walls of xylemelements G presence of CaOx crystals (white arrows) in the lower hypodermis H portion of the lamina. CaOx crystals (white arrows) in the lower hypodermis I cross-section of the leaf through midrib showing abundant CaOx crystals (white arrow) close to the bundles and embedded in the cell walls of xylemelements. Xy: xylem, Gt: glandular trichomes; Ue: upper/adaxial epidermis, Uh: upper hypodermis, Pa: palisade tissue, Sp: spongy tissue, Lh: lower hypodermis, Le: lower/abaxial epidermis, St: stomata.
Figure 5 from: Corti E, Palchetti E, Biricolti S, Gori M, Tani C, Squillace A, Pittella A, Papini A, Falsini S (2021) Histochemical observations in Piper malgassicum (Piperaceae) with a special focus on the epidermis. Italian Botanist 12: 29-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.12.70675
Figure 5 Stem cross-sections ACaOx (white arrows) in the hypodermis with birefringence filter B detail of A C sudan III–IV positive cuticle positive D sudan III–IV positive lipid droplets in the primary phloem E calcofluor positive (blue fluorescence) hypodermis cell walls F cortex and phloem cells walls staining positively withcalcofluor (blue fluorescence) G xylem vessels of both cortical and medullary bundles resulted positive to phloroglucinol H Detail of G.
Figure 8 from: Corti E, Palchetti E, Biricolti S, Gori M, Tani C, Squillace A, Pittella A, Papini A, Falsini S (2021) Histochemical observations in Piper malgassicum (Piperaceae) with a special focus on the epidermis. Italian Botanist 12: 29-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.12.70675
Figure 8 LM image of the longitudinal section of female inflorescence stained with toluidine blue A the ovary contains a single ovule and is surmounted by a 2-branched stigma B resin ducts as that in the image (asterisk) could be observed in the fleshy ovary. The stigmas were covered with papillae (arrows) CCaOx crystals deposits were present in the ovary at maturity D female inflorescence spike axis, cross-section. Two concentric circles of vascular bundles, with a lacuna in the middle E vascular bundle. Toluidine blue positive material in the phloem.
Figure 1 from: Corti E, Palchetti E, Biricolti S, Gori M, Tani C, Squillace A, Pittella A, Papini A, Falsini S (2021) Histochemical observations in Piper malgassicum (Piperaceae) with a special focus on the epidermis. Italian Botanist 12: 29-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.12.70675
Figure 1 Herbarium specimen of P. malgassicumA inflorescence B leaves and infructescences (sample conserved at the Tropical Herbarium of Florence, University of Florence).
Figure 7 from: Corti E, Palchetti E, Biricolti S, Gori M, Tani C, Squillace A, Pittella A, Papini A, Falsini S (2021) Histochemical observations in Piper malgassicum (Piperaceae) with a special focus on the epidermis. Italian Botanist 12: 29-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.12.70675
Figure 7 Epidermis cell of anther. A medium electron-dense bodies formed inside a plastid is surrounded by in a membrane and a mitochondrion is very close to the external plastid membrane. EDB: electron-dense Body; M: mitochondrion; N: nucleus; P: plastid.
Figure 3 from: Corti E, Palchetti E, Biricolti S, Gori M, Tani C, Squillace A, Pittella A, Papini A, Falsini S (2021) Histochemical observations in Piper malgassicum (Piperaceae) with a special focus on the epidermis. Italian Botanist 12: 29-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.12.70675
Figure 3 A portion of the leaf lamina in autofluorescence under blue-violet light showing the red fluorescence of chlorophyll and the red fluorescence of the trichome contents B detail of image A. Lipid droplets show green fluorescence C trichomes and cuticles appearing Sudan Black positive D sudan Black stained lipid droplets positively in the spaces between chlorenchyma cells, both in the spongy and the palisade parenchyma (black arrows) E leaf stained with NADI reaction. Positive cells can be observed in the mesophyll (arrows) F lower epidermis and trichome stained with NADI GLM images showing the trichome and cuticle slightly reddish while cutin and suberin resulted stainedbrownish with Sudan III–IV H Fluorescence images with Fluorol Yellow staining revealing the lipids in the cuticleand aggregates in the epidermis and mesophyll I detail of H): trichome stained with FY088. Ld: lipid droplet; Ue: upper/adaxial epidermis, Uh: upper hypodermis, Pa: palisade tissue, Sp: spongy tissue, Lh: lower hypodermis, Le: lower/abaxial epidermis, Gt: glandular trichomes.
Figure 6 from: Corti E, Palchetti E, Biricolti S, Gori M, Tani C, Squillace A, Pittella A, Papini A, Falsini S (2021) Histochemical observations in Piper malgassicum (Piperaceae) with a special focus on the epidermis. Italian Botanist 12: 29-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.12.70675
Figure 6 P. malgassicum anther A Semithin section stained with toluidine blue showing the shape and structure of the anther. Anther wall (here already dehiscent) formed by 2–3 layers of cells B semithin section showing the microspores surrounded by the tapetum C microspores are in the locule surrounded by the tapetum. Small electron-dense particles (orbicles) are lined along the tapetal cells plasma membrane, while some larger masses can be observed in the locule (black arrow) D anther trichome. Some plastids contain large electron-dense bodies E detail of D The large electron-dense bodies inside the plastid occur together with starch grains F anther epidermis: electron-dense bodies are present in the vacuoles. Some plastids are present with stored starch. Large medium electron dense granular bodies can be found between the vacuole and the external plasma membrane G in a preliminary stage, the electron-dense masses in the vacuole are surrounded by a more electron transparent layer H at a successive stage, the electron-dense bodies occupy a large part of the vacuolar volume. Ga: microspores/male gametophyte; L: locule; sp: tapetum/sporophytic tissue; ep: epidermis; end: endothecium, ml: middle layer; st: secretory tapetum; Mcs: microspore; EDB: electron-dense bodies; Mt: mitochondria; Pa: protein aggregate; Ep: elaioplast; yLPT: young lipotubule: Lpt: lipotubule; V: vacuole; Td: terpenic droplets.
Figure 4 from: Corti E, Palchetti E, Biricolti S, Gori M, Tani C, Squillace A, Pittella A, Papini A, Falsini S (2021) Histochemical observations in Piper malgassicum (Piperaceae) with a special focus on the epidermis. Italian Botanist 12: 29-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.12.70675
Figure 4 LM images of the cross-sections of P. malgassicum leaf (A–F) and stem (G, H) APAS positivity of trichomes and epidermis cells BPAS positivity of the epidermal cells and terpenic droplet below the first layer of cells C staining with FeCl3 D leaf lamina positive to Wagner staining E detail of D showing alkaloid droplets in the hypodermis cell F detail of D showing alkaloid droplets in hypodermis idioblasts G stem stained with Toluidine blue showing the thick layer of collenchyma beneath the epidermis and the two concentric circles of vascular bundles H detail of G showing the wall thickenings of the angular collenchyma. Ad: Alkaloid droplet; Cb: cortical circle of vascular bundles; Co: angular collenchyma; cx: cortex; ep: epidermis; hp: hypodermis; Mb: medullary circle of vascular bundles; Pi: pith; Td: terpenic droplet; Tr: trichome; Uh: upper hypodermis.
Text-fig. 36. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a–e) images of "Paisia-like follicle"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Volume rendering of follicle in lateral (a) and ventral (b) views showing the decurrent stigmatic region that extends from the follicle base to the apex but lacks a distinct papillate zone; c) Longitudinal section (volume rendering cut at orthoslice yz0341) of follicle showing under-developed ovules towards the base and numerous well-developed ovules/seeds in the upper part suggesting that the follicle is probably mature; d) Dorsal view of follicle apex showing the cleft in the presumed stigmatic apical region; e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1294) of follicle with one dorsal and two ventral bundles and two placentae bulging into the locule, one on either side of the ventral suture; note the strongly compressed outer epidermis and the homogenized cells of the mesocarp. Specimen, Catefica 49-S174915 (a–e). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 36. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a–e) images of "Paisia-like follicle"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Volume rendering of follicle in lateral (a) and ventral (b) views showing the decurrent stigmatic region that extends from the follicle base to the apex but lacks a distinct papillate zone; c) Longitudinal section (volume rendering cut at orthoslice yz0341) of follicle showing under-developed ovules towards the base and numerous well-developed ovules/seeds in the upper part suggesting that the follicle is probably mature; d) Dorsal view of follicle apex showing the cleft in the presumed stigmatic apical region; e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1294) of follicle with one dorsal and two ventral bundles and two placentae bulging into the locule, one on either side of the ventral suture; note the strongly compressed outer epidermis and the homogenized cells of the mesocarp. Specimen, Catefica 49-S174915 (a–e). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e).
Text-fig. 35. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b, d) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c, e) images of "Paisia-like follicle"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view of slender follicle with an almost straight ventral margin and a slightly curved dorsal margin; b) Lateral view of small, broad follicle with slightly sinuous ventral margin and rounded dorsal margin; c) Lateral view of small, broad follicle with slightly sinuous ventral margin and rounded dorsal margin; d) Apical part of follicle in (a) showing the slight apical cleft in the probable stigmatic region; e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0407) of follicle showing ovules and distinct follicle wall with small, thin-walled cells of the outer epidermis (arrow), larger, isodiametric cells of the mesocarp and an inner layer of smaller, thin-walled cells. Specimens, Catefica 50-S171523 (a, d), Catefica 343-S171515 (b), Catefica 49-S174929 (c, e). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c), 100 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 35. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b, d) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c, e) images of "Paisia-like follicle"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view of slender follicle with an almost straight ventral margin and a slightly curved dorsal margin; b) Lateral view of small, broad follicle with slightly sinuous ventral margin and rounded dorsal margin; c) Lateral view of small, broad follicle with slightly sinuous ventral margin and rounded dorsal margin; d) Apical part of follicle in (a) showing the slight apical cleft in the probable stigmatic region; e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0407) of follicle showing ovules and distinct follicle wall with small, thin-walled cells of the outer epidermis (arrow), larger, isodiametric cells of the mesocarp and an inner layer of smaller, thin-walled cells. Specimens, Catefica 50-S171523 (a, d), Catefica 343-S171515 (b), Catefica 49-S174929 (c, e). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c), 100 Μm (d, e).
Text-fig. 34. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a–h) images of "Paisia-like follicle"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–d) Volume rendering of follicles in lateral (a, c) and ventral (b, d) views showing the decurrent stigmatic region that extends from base of the follicle to the apex; note papillate zone forming a probable stigma along the full length of the ventral suture; e) Longitudinal section (volume rendering cut at orthoslice yz0326) near the base of the follicle showing two ovules with a striate-reticulate surface (asterisks); note transverse fibers lining the inner follicle wall and large cells of the mesocarp; f) Transverse section (volume rendering cut at orthoslice xy2475) of follicle showing two rows of ovules borne on placentae on either side of the ventral suture (asterisks); note also the pronounced and densely-spaced papillae around the ventral suture; g) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1988) of follicle showing two ventral vascular bundles and one dorsal bundle (arrows) and ovules/seeds borne on two placentae, one on either side of the ventral suture; note the remains of the small thin-walled cells of the outer epidermis that cover the thicker-walled cells of the mesocarp; h) Transverse section (orthoslice xy2860) of follicle showing two ventral bundles and one dorsal bundle (arrows) and ovules/seeds in two rows on the placentae, one on either side of the ventral suture; note the remains of small epidermal cells and the large rounded cells of the mesocarp with thicker walls. Specimens, Catefica 49-S174916 (a, b), Catefica 49-S174917 (c–f, h), Catefica 50-S171525 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e–h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 34. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a–h) images of "Paisia-like follicle"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–d) Volume rendering of follicles in lateral (a, c) and ventral (b, d) views showing the decurrent stigmatic region that extends from base of the follicle to the apex; note papillate zone forming a probable stigma along the full length of the ventral suture; e) Longitudinal section (volume rendering cut at orthoslice yz0326) near the base of the follicle showing two ovules with a striate-reticulate surface (asterisks); note transverse fibers lining the inner follicle wall and large cells of the mesocarp; f) Transverse section (volume rendering cut at orthoslice xy2475) of follicle showing two rows of ovules borne on placentae on either side of the ventral suture (asterisks); note also the pronounced and densely-spaced papillae around the ventral suture; g) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1988) of follicle showing two ventral vascular bundles and one dorsal bundle (arrows) and ovules/seeds borne on two placentae, one on either side of the ventral suture; note the remains of the small thin-walled cells of the outer epidermis that cover the thicker-walled cells of the mesocarp; h) Transverse section (orthoslice xy2860) of follicle showing two ventral bundles and one dorsal bundle (arrows) and ovules/seeds in two rows on the placentae, one on either side of the ventral suture; note the remains of small epidermal cells and the large rounded cells of the mesocarp with thicker walls. Specimens, Catefica 49-S174916 (a, b), Catefica 49-S174917 (c–f, h), Catefica 50-S171525 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e–h).
Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–d) Volume renderings of abraded seeds in ventral (a), lateral (b, d) and apical (c) views showing the slightly protruding chalaza (arrows) and dense longitudinal grooves with shallow pits in the surface of the endotesta; e) Transverse section of seed (orthoslice xy0665) showing the irregular grooved surface of the endotesta (oi-en) and the tegmen comprised of two layers of thick-walled cells that surround the cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk); f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz1195) through seed showing the thin-walled endothelium cells (asterisk) surrounded by the thicker cells of the outer tegmen and endotesta; g) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0727) through seed showing outlines of angular crystals evenly distributed in cells of the endotesta (oi-en); note the outer epidermis of the tegmen (ii-o) composed of thick-walled cells; h) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0940) of seed showing details of the chalazal region with course of the vascular bundle (vb), cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk), crystalliferous endotesta of the outer integument (oi-en) and the distinct thick walled cells of the outer cells of the tegmen (ii-o); i) Longitudinal and tangential section (orthoslice yz0542) through the endotesta (oi-en) showing the outlines of densely spaced crystals. Specimens, Catefica 242-S175178 (a–c, e–h), Catefica 49-S175179 (d, i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e, f, h, i), 50 Μm (g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–d) Volume renderings of abraded seeds in ventral (a), lateral (b, d) and apical (c) views showing the slightly protruding chalaza (arrows) and dense longitudinal grooves with shallow pits in the surface of the endotesta; e) Transverse section of seed (orthoslice xy0665) showing the irregular grooved surface of the endotesta (oi-en) and the tegmen comprised of two layers of thick-walled cells that surround the cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk); f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz1195) through seed showing the thin-walled endothelium cells (asterisk) surrounded by the thicker cells of the outer tegmen and endotesta; g) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0727) through seed showing outlines of angular crystals evenly distributed in cells of the endotesta (oi-en); note the outer epidermis of the tegmen (ii-o) composed of thick-walled cells; h) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0940) of seed showing details of the chalazal region with course of the vascular bundle (vb), cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk), crystalliferous endotesta of the outer integument (oi-en) and the distinct thick walled cells of the outer cells of the tegmen (ii-o); i) Longitudinal and tangential section (orthoslice yz0542) through the endotesta (oi-en) showing the outlines of densely spaced crystals. Specimens, Catefica 242-S175178 (a–c, e–h), Catefica 49-S175179 (d, i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e, f, h, i), 50 Μm (g).
Text-fig. 23. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0827) showing fruitlet with apical stigmatic region and a single seed enclosed within the fruitlet wall that has a thick epidermal cuticle; note the tiny embryo (emb) internal to the micropyle (mi) and oriented toward the base of the fruitlet; b) Transverse section through apical part of two fruitlets (orthoslice xy0810) showing the fruitlet wall (fr) composed of small thin-walled cells covered by an epidermis of isodiametric cells (ep) with a thick outer cuticle (cu); c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0370) through basal part of fruitlet perpendicular to section in (a) showing the micropyle (mi), embryo (emb) composed of tiny cells, and the thick cuticle (cu) covering the bulging cells of the fruitlet epidermis. Specimen, Catefica 50-S174907 (a–c). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 23. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0827) showing fruitlet with apical stigmatic region and a single seed enclosed within the fruitlet wall that has a thick epidermal cuticle; note the tiny embryo (emb) internal to the micropyle (mi) and oriented toward the base of the fruitlet; b) Transverse section through apical part of two fruitlets (orthoslice xy0810) showing the fruitlet wall (fr) composed of small thin-walled cells covered by an epidermis of isodiametric cells (ep) with a thick outer cuticle (cu); c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0370) through basal part of fruitlet perpendicular to section in (a) showing the micropyle (mi), embryo (emb) composed of tiny cells, and the thick cuticle (cu) covering the bulging cells of the fruitlet epidermis. Specimen, Catefica 50-S174907 (a–c). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c).
Data from: The Arabidopsis arc5 and arc6 mutations differentially affect plastid morphology in pavement and guard cells in the leaf epidermis
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Single Cell RNA-sequencing of murine back skin interfollicular epidermis basal cells
GEO Series GSE146637. Mus musculus. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Comparative analysis of gene expression between whole and upper epidermis of humans
GEO Series GSE230152. Homo sapiens. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
AKBA regulates mRNA expression of mouse epidermis.
GEO Series GSE112248. Mus musculus. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Control ChIP-seq from skin epidermis (ENCSR438NOO)
GEO Series GSE167785. Homo sapiens. 1 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
RNA-Seq of epidermis and mesophyll in arabidopsis developing embryos
GEO Series GSE98176. Arabidopsis thaliana. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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