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75 results for “extreme response”
The importance of considering the duration of extreme temperatures when investigating responses to climate change
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Temporal dynamics of range-expander and congeneric native plant responses during and after extreme drought events
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Resolving the Dust Bowl paradox of grassland responses to extreme drought
<p>During the Dust Bowl drought, central US grasslands responded unexpectedly to a decade of hot, dry conditions. Grass species adapted to high temperatures with higher water use efficiency (C<sub>4</sub> grasses) decreased while those preferring cooler climates (C<sub>3</sub> grasses) increased. We reproduced this surprising response by experimentally imposing extreme drought in two native grasslands. Analysis of historical climate records revealed that during extreme drought years, the proportion of annual precipitation that occurs during cooler months increases. This previously unidentified shift in seasonal precipitation patterns during extreme drought years provides a mechanism for C<sub>3</sub> grasses to increase despite overall hot, dry conditions. Thus, alterations in precipitation seasonality may be as important as reduced precipitation amount when forecasting ecosystem responses to extreme drought.</p>
Data from: When does extreme drought elicit extreme ecological responses?
1. Global climate change models predict an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme droughts, with uncertain ecological impacts across ecosystems. In particular, it is not clear when extreme droughts will elicit extreme ecological responses. 2. For this study, we employed three complementary approaches to explore the relationships between extreme drought and ecosystem responses. First, we used global data mining to evaluate the relationship between extreme gross primary productivity (GPP) and extreme precipitation from 1980 to 2013. Second, we conducted a meta‐analysis using 132 drought experiments across the globe to assess the response ratios of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) to extreme vs. non‐extreme drought treatments. Third, we examined community and ecosystem responses in an alpine meadow to a drought gradient experiment, which included five precipitation treatment levels (1/12 P, 1/4 P, 1/2 P, 3/4 P, and P, where P is the growing season precipitation). 3. This study had three key results. In our historical data mining, we found that extreme droughts elicited extreme ecological responses only 15.1% of the time. The meta‐analysis results indicated that there were no significant differences in the response ratios of ANPP between the extreme vs. non‐extreme drought treatments. The drought gradient experiment results revealed that although the four drought treatments were statistically extreme, only the most extreme drought treatment (1/12 P) significantly reduced ANPP over the three years. Meanwhile, species richness and asynchrony were significantly reduced under the 1/12 P treatment, which led to a significant reduction in productivity. 4. Synthesis. These results suggest that extreme ecological responses to extreme drought may be less frequent than previously thought. But when they do occur, extreme ecological responses may be driven by plant community changes such as species asynchrony, species loss or species reordering. Our experimental results highlight the key role of community dynamics in determining the resistance of ecosystem productivity to extreme drought, which should be assessed when predicting ecological responses to climate change.
Data from: Extreme intraclutch egg-size dimorphism in Eudyptes penguins, an evolutionary response to clutch-size maladaptation
Eudyptes penguins (six species) are uniquely characterized by a two-egg clutch with extreme intraclutch egg-size dimorphism (ESD): the first-laid A-egg is 17.5%–56.9% smaller than the B-egg. Although A-eggs are viable, they almost never produce fledged chicks (genus average <1%). Using classical life-history theory and phylogenetic comparative methods, we demonstrate a marked slowdown in the life history of Eudyptes: age of first reproduction is 52% later and annual fecundity 48% lower compared with other two-egg clutch penguin species. All six Eudyptes species have retained a two-egg clutch, despite this pronounced life-history slowdown; this suggests evolutionary mismatch between clutch size and chicks fledged per clutch. Consistent with this, we show that Eudyptes fledge 43% fewer chicks per clutch than other two-egg clutch penguin species. Extreme intraclutch ESD in Eudyptes is associated primarily with a uniform (5%) increase in relative B-egg size, and B-egg size has evolved in accord with life history. We further show that intraclutch ESD is positively correlated with age of first reproduction in Eudyptes but not in other two-egg clutch penguin species. We argue that Eudyptes' persistent failure to evolve a one-egg clutch constitutes a unique genus-wide evolutionary maladaptation and that extreme intraclutch ESD evolved as a correlated response to selection favoring a slower life history imposed by their extreme pelagic overwintering and migration ecology.
Fig. 6 in Expression profile of two HSP70 chaperone proteins in response to extreme thermal acclimation in Xestia c-nigrum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig. 6. Xc-HSP70 mRNA expression profiles induced by cold (−7 to 5 °C) and heat (37 to 47 °C) in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th instars and pupae of Xestia cnigrum. The relative quantities indicate the levels of the HSP70 gene transcript normalized against transcript levels of β-actin as an internal standard and compared with the transcript levels of the untreated control at 25 °C. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between the control and heat shock conditions (significant, * P <0.05). The data are denoted as the mean ± SEM (error bar).
Extreme Responses of the ionospheric radial currents to the main phase of the super geomagnetic storm on 10 May 2024
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Data for "Hydrodynamic and Geomorphological Responses of Tidal Flats to Extreme Climate Events with Implications for Coastal Managements"
<p>Data used for the plots can be found:</p> <p>1) <strong>uav_z.mat </strong>is used for producing figure 2 and 3.</p> <p>2) <strong>timeseries.mat </strong>is used for producing figure 5 and 6.</p>
Resolving the Dust Bowl paradox of grassland responses to extreme drought
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Data from: Quantifying thermal extremes and biological variation to predict evolutionary responses to changing climate
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Data from: Population transcriptomes reveal synergistic responses of DNA polymorphism and RNA expression to extreme environments on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in a predatory bird
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Data from: Extreme intraclutch egg-size dimorphism in Eudyptes penguins, an evolutionary response to clutch-size maladaptation
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Data from: When does extreme drought elicit extreme ecological responses?
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RosR is a haloarchaeal-specific transcription factor required for the response to extreme oxidative stress in Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1.
GEO Series GSE33980. Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1. 150 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
A regulatory hierarchy controls the dynamic transcriptional response to extreme oxidative stress in archaea.
GEO Series GSE58696. Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1. 20 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by genome tiling array.
Study of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) responses of human HaCaT keratinocytes: Control vs. ELF-EMF
GEO Series GSE45631. Homo sapiens. 20 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Transcriptional changes in response to oxidative stress in combination with temperature extremes in rice
GEO Series GSE32704. Oryza sativa; Oryza sativa Indica Group. 15 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
The long-non coding RNA HOTAIR shapes the inflammatory response in joints of the lower extremity
GEO Series GSE185440. Homo sapiens. 18 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Data from: Phylogenetically driven sequencing of extremely halophilic archaea reveals strategies for static and dynamic osmo-response
Organisms across the tree of life use a variety of mechanisms to respond to stress-inducing fluctuations in osmotic conditions. Cellular response mechanisms and phenotypes associated with osmoadaptation also play important roles in bacterial virulence, human health, agricultural production and many other biological systems. To improve understanding of osmoadaptive strategies, we have generated 59 high-quality draft genomes for the haloarchaea (a euryarchaeal clade whose members thrive in hypersaline environments and routinely experience drastic changes in environmental salinity) and analyzed these new genomes in combination with those from 21 previously sequenced haloarchaeal isolates. We propose a generalized model for haloarchaeal management of cytoplasmic osmolarity in response to osmotic shifts, where potassium accumulation and sodium expulsion during osmotic upshock are accomplished via secondary transport using the proton gradient as an energy source, and potassium loss during downshock is via a combination of secondary transport and non-specific ion loss through mechanosensitive channels. We also propose new mechanisms for magnesium and chloride accumulation. We describe the expansion and differentiation of haloarchaeal general transcription factor families, including two novel expansions of the TATA-binding protein family, and discuss their potential for enabling rapid adaptation to environmental fluxes. We challenge a recent high-profile proposal regarding the evolutionary origins of the haloarchaea by showing that inclusion of additional genomes significantly reduces support for a proposed large-scale horizontal gene transfer into the ancestral haloarchaeon from the bacterial domain. The combination of broad (17 genera) and deep (≥5 species in four genera) sampling of a phenotypically unified clade has enabled us to uncover both highly conserved and specialized features of osmoadaptation. Finally, we demonstrate the broad utility of such datasets, for metagenomics, improvements to automated gene annotation and investigations of evolutionary processes.
PROMASTER - PROspective Cohort MRC ABPI STratification and Extreme Response Mechanism in Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02105792. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.