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172 results for “feeding behavior”
Data for: Predicting age and mass at maturity from feeding behavior and diet in M. sexta: An empirical test of a life history model
<p>Feeding for most animals involves bouts of active ingestion alternating with bouts of no ingestion. In insects, the temporal patterning of bouts varies widely with resource quality and is known to affect growth, development time, and fitness. However, the precise impacts of resource quality and feeding behavior on insect life history traits is poorly understood. To explore and better understand the connections between feeding behavior, resource quality and insect life history traits, we combined laboratory experiments with a recently proposed mechanistic model of insect growth and development for a larval herbivore, <em>Manduca sexta</em>. We ran feeding trials for 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> instar larvae across different diet types (two hostplants and artificial diet) and used these data to parameterize a joint model of age and mass at maturity that incorporates both insect feeding behavior and hormonal activity. We found that the estimated durations of both feeding and non-feeding bouts were significantly shorter on low- than on high-quality diets. We then explored how well the fitted model predicted historical out-of-sample data on age and mass of <em>M</em>.<em> sexta</em>. We found that the model accurately described qualitative outcomes for the out-of-sample data, notably that a low-quality diet results in reduced mass and later age at maturity compared to high-quality diets. Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of diet quality on multiple components of insect feeding behavior (feeding and non-feeding), and partially validate a joint model of insect life history. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to insect herbivory and discuss ways in which our model could be improved or extended to other systems.</p>
Data from: Early life access to hay does not affect later life oral behavior in feed restricted heifers
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Data from: Virus infection and host plant suitability affect feeding behaviors of cannabis aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a newly described vector of potato virus Y
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Data for: Predicting age and mass at maturity from feeding behavior and diet in M. sexta: An empirical test of a life history model
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Data from: Hunting behavior and feeding ecology of Mojave Rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus), Prairie Rattlesnakes (C. viridis), and their hybrids in southwestern New Mexico
<p>Predators must contend with numerous challenges to successfully find and subjugate prey. Complex traits related to hunting are partially controlled by a large number of co-evolved genes which may be disrupted in hybrids. Accordingly, research on the feeding ecology of animals in hybrid zones has shown that hybrids sometimes exhibit transgressive or novel behaviors, yet for many taxa empirical studies of predation and diet across hybrid zones is lacking. We undertook the first such field study for a hybrid zone between two snake species, the Mojave Rattlesnake (<em>Crotalus scutulatus</em>) and Prairie Rattlesnake (<em>C. viridis</em>). Specifically, we leveraged established field methods to quantify hunting behaviors of animals, their prey communities, and diet of individuals across the hybrid zone in southwestern New Mexico, USA. We found that, even though hybrids had significantly lower body condition indices than snakes from either parental lineage, hybrids were generally similar to non-hybrids in hunting behavior, prey encounter rates, and predatory attack and success. We also found that, compared to <em>C. scutulatus</em>, <em>C. viridis</em> was significantly more active while hunting at night and abandoned ambush sites earlier in the morning, and hybrids tended to be more <em>viridis</em>-like in this respect. Prey availability was similar across the study sites, including within the hybrid zone, with Kangaroo Rats (<em>Dipodomys</em> spp.) as the most common small mammal both in habitat surveys and frequency of encounters with hunting rattlesnakes. Analysis of prey remains in stomachs and feces also showed broad similarity in diets, with all snakes preying primarily on small mammals and secondarily on lizards. Taken together, our results suggest that the significantly lower body condition of hybrids does not appear to be driven by differences in their hunting behavior or diet, and may instead relate to metabolic efficiency or other physiological traits we have not yet identified.</p>
Behavioral and postural analyses establish sleep-like states for mosquitoes that can impact host landing and blood feeding
<p>Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved process that has been described in different animal systems. For insects, sleep characterization has been primarily achieved using behavioral and electrophysiological correlates in a few systems. Sleep in mosquitoes, which are important vectors of disease-causing pathogens, has not been directly examined. This is surprising as circadian rhythms, which have been well studied in mosquitoes, influence sleep in other systems. In this study, we characterized sleep in mosquitoes using body posture analysis and behavioral correlates and quantified the effect of sleep deprivation on sleep rebound, host landing and blood-feeding propensity. Body and appendage position metrics revealed a clear distinction between the posture of mosquitoes in their putative sleep and awake states for multiple species, which correlate with a reduction in responsiveness to host cues. Sleep assessment informed by these posture analyses indicated significantly more sleep during periods of low activity. Nighttime and daytime sleep deprivation resulting from the delivery of vibration stimuli induced sleep rebound in the subsequent phase in day and night active mosquitoes, respectively. Lastly, sleep deprivation suppressed host landing in both laboratory and field settings, and impaired blood-feeding of a human host when mosquitoes would normally be active. These results suggest that quantifiable sleep states occur in mosquitoes and highlight the potential epidemiological importance of mosquito sleep.</p>
DEPRECATED Mouse feeding behavior dataset
<p>Mouse feeding behavior dataset.</p>
Figure 2 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Figure 2. The first egg of the couple of Tyto furcata. Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.
Fig. 1 in Feeding behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and its acquisition of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', on huanglongbing-infected Citrus reticulata leaves of several maturity stages
Fig. 1. Sketches of citrus leaves at several maturity stages.
Data from: Breed differences in oral behaviors in feed-restricted dairy heifers
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Changes in Culicoides sonorensis feeding behavior following sublethal insecticide exposure
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Behavioral and postural analyses establish sleep-like states for mosquitoes that can impact host landing and blood feeding
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Data from: Hunting behavior and feeding ecology of Mojave Rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus), Prairie Rattlesnakes (C. viridis), and their hybrids in southwestern New Mexico
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Data from: Feeding impacts thermoregulatory behavior and consistency across day and night in a diurnal lizard
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Data from: Short Communication: Feeding behaviors are not correlated with area-under-the-curve for reticulorumen pH below 5.8 and 5.6 in finishing steers
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FIGURE 3 in Maximum Bite Force and Prey Size of Tyrannosaurus rex and Their Relationships to the Inference of Feeding Behavior
FIGURE 3 Cranial morphology and jaw adductor musculature. Differences in the posterior width of the skull, relative to the tooth rows, may be constrained, together with tooth shape, by biting strategies such as crushing or penetration. The rather broadly-set tooth rows of Allosaurus fragilis (illustration modified after Madsen, 1976) appear to provide most theropods with a sufficiently concentrated bite force to facilitate lethal, penetrating bites. The expanded posterior part of the skull of Tyrannosaurus rex allowed for jaw adductor muscles with more cross-sectional area (illustration modified after Osborn, 1912). This suggests an atypically high bite force in this taxon, compared to most other theropods. The combination of a high bite force with comparatively broad, conical teeth implies adaptation for crushing the relatively greater mass of flesh and/or bones of large prey. This suggests that T. rex may have fed in significantly different ways from the majority of large theropods.
FIGURE 1 in Maximum Bite Force and Prey Size of Tyrannosaurus rex and Their Relationships to the Inference of Feeding Behavior
FIGURE 1 Effect of prey size on penetrating bites. Non-vital tissues of prey animals, such as integument and muscle, serve as barriers to predators seeking to inflict lethal damage on their prey. Assuming some minimum depth of penetration is required for a lethal bite, the depth of tissue through which a predator's teeth must penetrate increases linearly with increasing prey size. However, frictional resistance between flesh and teeth increases more rapidly than this. For a simple cone, frictional resistance increases with the square of the linear increase in depth of penetration. This results, for example, in four times the amount of frictional resistance to penetration that is twice as deep. A subconical tooth of Tyrannosaurus rex was modeled by computer and its engaged surface area was calculated for bites to 2 and 4 cm depth. In the latter case, the surface area of the tooth engaged is approximately three times that for a 2cmbite, due to the moderate lateral compression of T. rex teeth.
FIGURE 2 in Maximum Bite Force and Prey Size of Tyrannosaurus rex and Their Relationships to the Inference of Feeding Behavior
FIGURE 2 Skull morphology and crushing bites. Typical theropods have dentary teeth that are aligned just medial to the maxillary teeth, (a) This results in forces that are almost directly opposed when the teeth, exemplified here by those of Allosaurus fragilis, engage a food item, (b) In contrast, the dentary and maxillary teeth of Tyrannosaurus rex do not generate directly opposed forces in biting. Rather, the medially aligned dentaries tend to concentrate force near midline. In bilateral biting, the resulting stress on the prey is well-suited to crushing either bone or soft tissues.
Data from: REM sleep stabilizes hypothalamic representation of feeding behavior
<p>During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, behavioral unresponsiveness contrasts strongly with intense brain-wide neural network dynamics. Yet, the physiological functions of this cellular activation remain unclear. Using <i>in vivo</i> calcium imaging in freely behaving mice, we found that inhibitory neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH<sup>vgat</sup>) show unique activity patterns during feeding that are reactivated during REM, but not NREM, sleep. REM sleep specific optogenetic silencing of LH<sup>vgat</sup> cells induced a re-organization of these activity patterns during subsequent feeding behaviors accompanied by decreased food intake. Our findings provide evidence for a role for REM sleep in the maintenance of cellular representations of feeding behavior.</p>
Better together? how intergroup associations affect energy balance and feeding behavior in wild bonobos
<p>When the benefits of interacting with out-group members exceed the associated costs, social groups may be expected to be tolerant towards each other. However, in many species exhibiting intergroup tolerance, the nature of benefits gained from intergroup encounters remains unclear. We investigated the potential costs and benefits associated with intergroup associations in bonobos, a species with varying degrees of intergroup tolerance, by testing whether these associations conferred energetic benefits to participants under different socioecological contexts, and whether the consequences of these associations substantially differed from within-group competition. We used measures of socioecological factors (i.e. fruit abundance and group size), feeding and ranging behaviors, and a physiological marker of energy balance (i.e. urinary c-peptides of insulin) collected over a 19-month period from two neighboring wild communities in the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve, DRC. We found that intergroup associations did not affect individuals' energy balance, but they did alter individuals' ranging and feeding behavior. Specifically, bonobos travelled longer distances, visited larger fruit patches, and increased the time spent feeding on fruits on days they associated with the neighboring group. These adaptations in feeding behavior may be strategies to offset the energetic costs of increased travel distances. In the absence of obvious energetic benefits and with clear strategies employed to offset energetic costs, it is likely that intergroup associations in bonobos provide benefits unrelated to energy acquisition, such as social benefits. Our study sheds light on the potential incentives promoting social networks to extend beyond and across groups in a tolerant species.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.