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84 results for “felids”
Figure 2 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 2. Photograph and schematic representation of superficial layer of head and neck muscles of male puma. 1, m. brachiocephalicus.
Figure 1 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 1. Schematic drawing of the skull and cervical vertebrae of the scimitar-toothed cat Homotherium latidens showing the hypothetical motions of the stabbing bite (top) and the canine shear bite (bottom). In the first case the main rotation is around a point behind the thoraco-cervical joint (white circle) and the posterior cervicals, whereas in the second case, the main rotation occurs at the atlantooccipital joint (white circle). In the stabbing model (top), the pull of the brachiocephalic muscles (single headed arrow) and of the scalenes (two headed arrow) provides the main force for the strike. In the canine shear-bite model (bottom), the pull of the atlanto-mastoid muscles (short two-headed arrow) is the most important force for the penetration of the upper canines.
Data from: Transmission pathways and spillover of an erythrocytic bacterial pathogen from domestic cats to wild felids
Many pathogens infect multiple hosts, and spillover from domestic to wild species poses a significant risk for spread of diseases that threaten wildlife and humans. Documentation of cross-species transmission, and unravelling the mechanisms that drive it, remains a challenge. Focusing on co-occurring domestic and wild felids, we evaluate possible transmission mechanisms and evidence of spillover of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' (CMhm), an erythrocytic bacterial parasite of cats. We examine transmission and possibility of spillover by analysing CMhm prevalence, modeling possible transmission pathways, deducing genotypes of CMhm pathogens infecting felid hosts based on sequences of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and conducting phylogenetic analyses with ancestral state reconstruction to identify likely cross-species transmission events. Model selection analyses suggest both indirect (i.e., spread via vectors) and direct (i.e., via inter-specific predation) pathways may play a role in CMhm transmission. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that transmission of CMhm appears to predominate within host species, with occasional spillover, at unknown frequency, between species. These analyses are consistent with transmission by predation of smaller cats by larger species, with subsequent within-species persistence after spillover. Our results implicate domestic cats as a source of global dispersal and spillover to wild felids via predation. We contribute to the emerging documentation of predation as a common means of pathogen spillover from domestic to wild cats, including pathogens of global conservation significance. These findings suggest risks for top predators as bioaccumulators of pathogens from subordinate species.
Marbled cats in Southeast Asia: Are diurnal and semi-arboreal felids at greater risk from human disturbances?
<p>Southeast Asia supports the greatest diversity of felids globally, but this felid diversity is likely to be threatened by the severe forest loss and degradation that is occurring in the region. The response of felids to disturbances appears to differ depending on their ecology. For example, the largely terrestrial and nocturnal leopard cat (<em>Prionailurus bengalensis</em>) thrives near forest edges and in oil palm plantations where it hunts rodents (Muridae) at night, thereby avoiding human activity peaks. Conversely, we hypothesized that the sympatric and similar-sized marbled cat (<em>Pardofelis marmorata</em>) would respond negatively to edges and relatively open oil palm plantations as they are more arboreal than leopard cats, rely on tree connectivity for hunting, and are diurnal so have less potential to temporally avoid humans. Using new and previously published camera-trapping studies from Southeast Asia to test habitat associations at multiple spatial scales using zero-inflated Poission GLMMS and hierarchical occupancy modelling, we examined the habitat associated and diel behaviour of the marbled cat in relation to human disturbances. We found that marbled cats were positively associated with large intact forests and, in contrast to leopard cats, negatively associated with oil palm plantations. Furthermore we found preliminary evidence suggesting marbled cats may adapt their diel behaviour to become more crepuscular in degraded forests, likely shifting their activity to avoid humans. These findings suggest that the marbled cat's IUCN Red List conservation status should be revaluated and potentially upgraded from Near Threatened to Vulnerable, matching other forest-dependent felids in the region. We posit our findings may be generalizable and that semi-arboreal and diurnal felids could face greater threats from habitat degradation than their terrestrial and nocturnal relatives.</p>
Figure 8 in Neotropical felid specimens at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi: species, distribution, and morphometric data
Figure 8. Representative of three comparable species of the genus Leopardus represented in the MPEG's mammal collection, showing patterns of ground coat and markings: Left: Leopardus tigrinus (MPEG 42973, BR 429, Costa Marques, Rondônia, Brazil); middle: L. guttulus (MPEG 22183, BR 290, km 141 [= 'Rio Pardo'], Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil); right: L. wiedii (MPEG, 428, São João do Araguaia [São João], Rio Araguaia, Pará state, Brazil). Scale: 10 cm.
Figure 1 in Neotropical felid specimens at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi: species, distribution, and morphometric data
Figure 1. Map of biomes of the Brazil with all wild felid specimens, with accurate locality data, housed in the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi.
More people, more cats, more parasites: Human population density and temperature variation predict the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii oocyst shedding in free-ranging domestic and wild felids
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Data from: Transmission pathways and spillover of an erythrocytic bacterial pathogen from domestic cats to wild felids
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Marbled cats in Southeast Asia: Are diurnal and semi-arboreal felids at greater risk from human disturbances?
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Temperature-driven density gradients of two congeneric felids reveal contrasting responses to climate change at a range margin
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Data from: Cats under cover: habitat models indicate a high dependency on woodlands by Atlantic Forest felids
Four Neotropical small and medium felids—the ocelot, jaguarundi, margay and southern tiger cat—have overlapping geographic distributions in the endangered Atlantic Forest. Local studies show that these felids avoid areas with high human impact, but the three smaller ones use human-modified areas more frequently than do ocelots. To understand how landscape changes affect the habitat distribution of these four felids in the Atlantic Forest of Argentina, we used maximum entropy models to analyze the effect of environmental and anthropogenic factors. We estimated niche breadth and overlap among these felids. The conversion of the native forest to land uses without trees was the most important variable that determined the habitat distribution of the four species. For all four species the optimal habitat covered less than 1/3 of the study area and corresponds mainly to the native forest areas. Nearly 50 percent of these areas had some level of protection. The niche width was higher for the small felids than for ocelots. Niche overlap was high for all species pairs, but higher among the small felids and lower for each of these with the ocelot. The four felids were negatively affected by native forest loss, with ocelots being more sensitive than the smaller felids. The conversion of unprotected forest areas to other types of land uses would imply a greater habitat loss for these felids. The protection of current remnants of Atlantic Forest in Argentina is important for the long-term conservation of the four felids.
Data from: Recurrent evolution of melanism in South American felids
Morphological variation in natural populations is a genomic test bed for studying the interface between molecular evolution and population genetics, but some of the most interesting questions involve non-model organisms that lack well annotated reference genomes. Many felid species exhibit polymorphism for melanism but the relative roles played by genetic drift, natural selection, and interspecies hybridization remain uncertain. We identify mutations of Agouti signaling protein (ASIP) or the Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) as independent causes of melanism in three closely related South American species: the pampas cat (Leopardus colocolo), the kodkod (Leopardus guigna), and Geoffroy's cat (Leopardus geoffroyi). To assess population level variation in the regions surrounding the causative mutations we apply genomic resources from the domestic cat to carry out clone-based capture and targeted resequencing of 299 kb and 251 kb segments that contain ASIP and MC1R, respectively, from 54 individuals (13–21 per species), achieving enrichment of ~500–2500-fold and ~150x coverage. Our analysis points to unique evolutionary histories for each of the three species, with a strong selective sweep in the pampas cat, a distinctive but short melanism-specific haplotype in the Geoffroy's cat, and reduced nucleotide diversity for both ancestral and melanism-bearing chromosomes in the kodkod. These results reveal an important role for natural selection in a trait of longstanding interest to ecologists, geneticists, and the lay community, and provide a platform for comparative studies of morphological variation in other natural populations.
Data from: Ecomorphology of the African felid ensemble: the role of the skull and postcranium in determining species segregation and assembling history
Morphology of extant felids is regarded as highly conservative. Most previous studies have focussed on skull morphology, so a vacuum exists about morphofunctional variation in postcranium and its role in structuring ensembles of felids in different continents. The African felid ensemble is particularly rich in ecologically specialized felids. We studied the ecomorphology of this ensemble using 31 cranial and 93 postcranial morphometric variables measured in 49 specimens of all 10 African species. We took a multivariate approach controlling for phylogeny, with and without body size correction. Postcranial and skull + postcranial analyses (but not skull-only analyses) allowed for a complete segregation of species in morphospace. Morphofunctional factors segregating species included body size, bite force, zeugopodial lengths and osteological features related to parasagittal leg movement. A general gradient of bodily proportions was recovered: lightly built, long-legged felids with small heads and weak bite forces vs. the opposite. Three loose groups were recognized: small terrestrial felids, mid-to-large sized scansorial felids and specialized Acinonyx jubatus and Leptailurus serval. As predicted from a previous study, the assembling of the African felid ensemble during the Plio-Pleistocene occurred by the arrival of distinct felid lineages that occupied then vacant areas of morphospace, later diversifying in the continent.
Supplementary material 1 from: Sosa-López JR, Díaz Bernal NN, Padilla E, Briones-Salas M (2023) Analysis of the effects of habitat characteristics, human disturbance and prey on felids presence using long-term community monitoring information. Nature Conservation 53: 279-295. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.53.104135
Sampling sites and dates on which the camera-traps were installed and Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) for Puma, Bobcat and Margay
Fig. 1 in Regional differentiation of felid vertebral column evolution: a study of 3D shape trajectories
Fig. 1 Different vertebral morphologies and their respective threedimensional landmarks: a–c atlas in anterior, posterior and dorsal view; d–f T1 in anterior, posterior and lateral view; g–i L1 in anterior, posterior
Fig. 4 in Regional differentiation of felid vertebral column evolution: a study of 3D shape trajectories
Fig. 4 Phenotypic trajectory analysis (PTA) of post-atlantoaxial presacral vertebrae (i.e. C4–L7) grouped by prey size categories. Larger-sized circles show the average shape location of each individual group per stage. White-filled circles represent the first stage of the trajectory, grey-filled circles represent all intermediate stages and blackfilled circles mark the final stage of each trajectory
Fig. 5 in Regional differentiation of felid vertebral column evolution: a study of 3D shape trajectories
Fig. 5 Phenotypic trajectory analysis (PTA) of vertebrae in the T10–L7 region grouped by prey size (a) and locomotory (b) categories. Largersized circles show the average shape location of each individual group per
Figure 9 in Neotropical felid specimens at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi: species, distribution, and morphometric data
Figure 9. Localities of Leopardus wiedii at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi.
Figure 5 in Neotropical felid specimens at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi: species, distribution, and morphometric data
Figure 5. Localitiesof Leopardusguttulus attheMuseuParaenseEmilioGoeldi.
Figure 2 in Neotropical felid specimens at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi: species, distribution, and morphometric data
Figure 2. Localities of Herpailurus yagouaroundi at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi.
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