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255 results for “field experiment”
Dataset for research paper "Heracleum sosnowskyi plants frost-resistance assessment in laboratory and field experiments"
<p>Dataset for research paper "Heracleum sosnowskyi plants frost-resistance in laboratory and field experiments". </p> <p>The <em>Heracleum sosnowsky</em> plants has low freezing tolerance and die in temperature range minus 6–12 °С. Snow cover provides stable soil temperature (not lower than minus 3 °С) and is the only factor that ensures the survival of <em>H. sosnowsky</em> plants in the regions with cold winter. The <em>H. sosnowsky</em> frost tolerance is higher in autumn (up to minus 12 °С) and became lower at spring (minus 5–7 °С). These results can be explained by absence of deep dormancy in <em>H. sosnowskyi</em> meristem tissues and gradual change of carbohydrate content in them during the cold period. The seeds have high freezing tolerance after its formation but lost it after stratification. The field experiments were carried out by participants of citizen science project “Moroz”. It was shown that <em>H. sosnowskyi</em> plant eradication probability with the help of snow removal completely depends on weather conditions. This method can be used only on the territories where the use of herbicides is prohibited and only in the regions with minimal temperature in January – Febrary not higher than minus 25 °С. The dataset with all measurements made during the experiments is available on the site of “Moroz” project (<a href="http://proborshevik.ru/%20">http://proborshevik.ru</a>).</p>
Text-fig. 3. Distribution of main types of volcanoes in the NearShore Volcanic Belt of Eastern Sikhote-Alin' (Eocene–Neogene). 1 – Central volcanoes (partly preserved); 2 – Central volcanoes (destructed); 3 – Shield and gentle sloping volcanoes with a dolerite or trachy-basaltic neck on the top; 4 – Lava and scoria cones; 5 – Pyroclastic, tuffaceous coarse- and fine-grained terrigenous sedimentary rocks, partly with plant-bearing levels; 6 – Eruption centers of plateau-basalts and the direction of lava flows; 7 – Main Late Cenozoic basaltic plateaus; 8 – Fumarol fields; 9 – Hot springs. in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)
Text-fig. 3. Distribution of main types of volcanoes in the NearShore Volcanic Belt of Eastern Sikhote-Alin' (Eocene–Neogene). 1 – Central volcanoes (partly preserved); 2 – Central volcanoes (destructed); 3 – Shield and gentle sloping volcanoes with a dolerite or trachy-basaltic neck on the top; 4 – Lava and scoria cones; 5 – Pyroclastic, tuffaceous coarse- and fine-grained terrigenous sedimentary rocks, partly with plant-bearing levels; 6 – Eruption centers of plateau-basalts and the direction of lava flows; 7 – Main Late Cenozoic basaltic plateaus; 8 – Fumarol fields; 9 – Hot springs.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Bumble bees collected in a large-scale field experiment in power line clearings, southeast Norway.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Bumble bees collected in a large-scale field experiment in power line clearings, southeast Norway". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/78822c79-7646-448d-aac2-35700498c147">https://bionomia.net/dataset/78822c79-7646-448d-aac2-35700498c147</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/78822c79-7646-448d-aac2-35700498c147">https://gbif.org/dataset/78822c79-7646-448d-aac2-35700498c147</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Long-term biochar and soil organic carbon stability– Evidence from field experiments in Germany-ROW DATA
<p> Row data for researcher paper Long-term biochar and soil organic carbon stability– Evidence from field experiments in Germany</p>
A field experiment reveals seasonal variation in the Daphnia gut microbiome
<p>The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized for its impact on host fitness, but it remains poorly understood how naturally variable environments influence gut microbiome diversity and composition. We studied changes in the gut microbiome of ten genotypes of water fleas (<em>Daphnia magna</em>) in submerged mesocosm enclosures in a eutrophic lake over a period of 16 weeks, from early summer to autumn. The microbial diversity increased when <em>Daphnia</em> were reintroduced from the laboratory to the lake, and the composition of gut microbes drastically changed. Both gut microbiome diversity and composition continued to change over the 16-week period, with alpha diversity peaking in late summer. The gut microbiome community was clearly distinct from that of the surrounding water, and temporal changes in the two communities were independent of each other. There were no consistent differences in the gut microbiomes among <em>Daphnia</em> genotypes in the lake environment. The change in gut microbiome over the season was accompanied by a decline in reproductive output and survival. There were weak, but statistically supported, effects of microbiota composition on<em> Daphnia </em>fitness, but there was no evidence that natural variation in microbiome diversity or composition was associated with tolerance to the cyanotoxin microcystin. We conclude that the gut microbiome of <em>Daphnia</em> is highly dynamic in a natural lake environment, but that host genetic effects on microbiome diversity and composition between genotypes within a population can be vanishingly small. These results emphasize that establishing the ecological effects of gut microbiota will require largescale experiments under natural conditions.</p>
Characterizing the automatic radon flux Transfer Standard system Autoflux: laboratory calibration and field experiments
<p>Data from the manuscript: Characterizing the automatic radon flux Transfer Standard system Autoflux: laboratory calibration and field experiments.</p> <p>The present folder contains:</p> <ol> <li>Exhalation Bed data (data and plots from the characterization of the exhalation bed of the Cantabria University)</li> <li>ANSTO Autoflux (data and plots of the calibration of the Autoflux radon flux system)</li> <li>INTE_UPC (data and plots of the calibration of the INTE_UPC radon flux system)</li> </ol>
Validation of an interpretable data-driven wake model using lidar measurements from a field wake steering experiment
<p>Selection of the data in the following paper:<br> Sengers, B. A. M., Steinfeld, G., Hulsman, P., & Kuehn, M. (2023). Validation of an interpretable data-driven wake model using lidar measurements from a free-field wake steering experiment. Wind Energy Science Discussions, 1-32.</p> <p>This data subset provides input parameters commonly used in wake models, as well as ten-minuted averaged cross sections of the flow field at 4 rotor diameters downstream, as measured by a nacelle-mounted lidar. </p> <p>Cite this as:<br> B.A.M. Sengers (2023). Dataset: Validation of an interpretable data-driven wake model using lidar measurements from a field wake steering experiment. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7741395</p>
Climate model experiments of regional-scale tree die-off replaced by shrubs (all monthly data fields): Part 3
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A field experiment reveals seasonal variation in the Daphnia gut microbiome
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Data from: Root responses to elevated CO2, warming, and irrigation in a semi-arid grassland: integrating biomass, length, and life span in a 5‐year field experiment
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Climate model experiments of regional-scale tree die-off replaced by C3 grass (all monthly data fields): Part 1
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Data from: Predicting fitness in future climate: Insights from temporally replicated field experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Long-term studies of secondary succession and community assembly in the prairie-forest ecotone of eastern Kansas, Old-field succession experiment
Local and regional-scale processes interact to govern the assembly, diversity and functioning of ecological communities. Evaluating the interplay of these differently-scaled processes in the regulation of ecological systems is a challenging problem, but is crucial towards understanding and predicting the potential effects of accelerated human activity on biological diversity and ecosystem sustainability. Since 2000, two long-term field experiments have been underway in grasslands of eastern Kansas to investigate the interplay of soil resource availability, species interactions and regional processes governing plant secondary succession, community assembly, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Both experiments involve manipulations of soil nutrients in permanent grassland study plots and employ multi-species seed addition treatments to evaluate the contribution of dispersal limitation and regional constraints on local species pools to the regulation of plant community dynamics. Old-field succession experiment, previously funded by the National Science Foundation, was initiated in 2001 in a section of the abandoned hay field that was sprayed with herbicide, plowed and disked prior to the start of the study to investigate plant community dynamics in the context of old-field succession initiated on bare soil. The experimental design involves factorial experimental gradients of nitrogen (N) supply (four levels of N fertilization), phosphorus (P) supply (two levels of P fertilization) and plant propagule input achieved by adding seeds of 50+ native and naturalized species to half of the study plots. With annual sampling this experiment allows us to examine old-field succession and community assembly unfolding along gradients of N and P fertilization and under conditions of ambient and experimentally-enriched species pools.
Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust) field experiments in Southern Appalachian Mountains region
Gleditsia triacanthos seeds were planted at field sites in the Southern Appalachian Mountains region to examine whether recruitment was habitat limited. Sites contain mixed open (fields) and closed (early to mid-successional forest) habitats, and the riverine geomorphology includes riparian terraces and wet floodplain depressions. Three habitat types - forest edge, floodplain and riparian; were chosen to expose seeds to soil moisture, temperature and light gradients. Measurements of germination success, seedling height, soil moisture, soil temperature, diffuse light, and vegetation cover were taken.
Data from: Non-consumptive predator effects modify crayfish induced bioturbation as mediated by limb loss: field and mesocosm experiments
1. We addressed the implications of limb loss and regeneration for multi-species interactions and their impacts on ecosystem engineering in freshwater stream environments. 2. We included regenerative and non-regenerative crayfish as well as fish predators in a 2x2 factorial design to assess the effects on water turbidity of interactions between crayfish ecosystem engineers differing in regenerative status and their fish predators. 3. We demonstrated that crayfish limb loss and predation risks lead to more turbidity in field and mesocosm conditions. Moreover, ongoing regeneration of crayfish increased turbidity, while fish presence seemed to hinder crayfish turbidity-inducing behaviors (such as tail-flipping and burrowing) in the mesocosm experiment. 4. We confirmed that greater numbers of crayfish produce a greater amount of turbidity in-situ in streams. 5. Although mechanical burrowing crayfish capacities may depend on crayfish burrowing classification (primary, secondary, or tertiary), our work emphasizes the implication for turbidity levels of crayfish autotomy in freshwater streams.
Maternal and paternal age effects on male antler flies: a field experiment
<p><span>In many species, parental age at reproduction can influence offspring performance and lifespan, but the direction of these effects and the traits affected vary among studies. Data on parental age effects are still scarce in non-captive populations, especially insects, despite species such as fruit flies being models in laboratory-based aging research. We performed a biologically relevant experimental manipulation of maternal and paternal age at reproduction of antler flies (<i>Protopiophila litigata</i>) in the laboratory and tracked the adult lifespan and reproductive success of their male offspring released in the wild. Increased paternal, but not maternal, age somewhat increased sons' adult lifespan, while parental ages did not influence sons' mating rate or reproductive senescence. Our results indicate that while parental age effects do exist in an insect in the field, they may be beneficial in such a short-lived animal, in contrast to results from most wild vertebrates and laboratory invertebrates.</span></p>
Selective extinctions resulting from random habitat destruction lead to under‐estimates of local and regional biodiversity loss in a manipulative field experiment
<p>Land-use change is a significant cause of anthropogenic extinctions, which are likely to continue and accelerate as habitat conversion proceeds in most biomes. One way to understand the effects of habitat loss on biodiversity is through improved tools for predicting the number and identity of species losses in response to habitat loss. There are relatively few methods for predicting extinctions and even fewer opportunities for rigorously assessing the quality of these predictions. In this paper we address these issues by applying a new method based on rarefaction to predict species losses after random, but aggregated, habitat loss. We compare predictions from three rarefaction models, individual-based, sample-based, and spatially-clustered, to those derived from a commonly-used extinction estimation method, the Species-Area Relationship (SAR). We apply each method to a mesocosm experiment, in which we aim to predict species richness and extinctions of arthropods immediately following 50% habitat loss. While each model produced strikingly accurate predictions of species richness immediately after the habitat loss disturbance, each model significantly underestimated the number of extinctions occurring at both the local (within-mesocosm) and regional (treatment-wide) scales. Despite the stochastic nature of our small-scale, short-term, and randomly applied habitat loss experiment, we found surprisingly clear evidence for extinction selectivity, for example when abundant species with low extinction probabilities were extirpated following habitat loss. The important role played by selective extinction even in this contrived experimental system suggests that ecologically driven, trait-based extinctions play an equally important role to stochastic extinction, even when the disturbance itself has no clear selectivity. As a result, neutrally stochastic null models such as the SAR and rarefaction are likely to underestimate extinctions caused by habitat loss. Nevertheless, given the difficulty of predicting extinctions, null models provide useful benchmarks for conservation planning by providing minimum estimates and probabilities of species extinctions.</p>
Data from: Field-scale experiments reveal persistent yield gaps in low-input and organic cropping systems
Knowledge of production-system performance is largely based on observations at the experimental plot scale. Although yield gaps between plot-scale and field-scale research are widely acknowledged, their extent and persistence have not been experimentally examined in a systematic manner. At a site in southwest Michigan, we conducted a 6-y experiment to test the accuracy with which plot-scale crop-yield results can inform field-scale conclusions. We compared conventional versus alternative, that is, reduced-input and biologically based–organic, management practices for a corn–soybean–wheat rotation in a randomized complete block-design experiment, using 27 commercial-size agricultural fields. Nearby plot-scale experiments (0.02-ha to 1.0-ha plots) provided a comparison of plot versus field performance. We found that plot-scale yields well matched field-scale yields for conventional management but not for alternative systems. For all three crops, at the plot scale, reduced-input and conventional managements produced similar yields; at the field scale, reduced-input yields were lower than conventional. For soybeans at the plot scale, biological and conventional managements produced similar yields; at the field scale, biological yielded less than conventional. For corn, biological management produced lower yields than conventional in both plot- and field-scale experiments. Wheat yields appeared to be less affected by the experimental scale than corn and soybean. Conventional management was more resilient to field-scale challenges than alternative practices, which were more dependent on timely management interventions; in particular, mechanical weed control. Results underscore the need for much wider adoption of field-scale experimentation when assessing new technologies and production-system performance, especially as related to closing yield gaps in organic farming and in low-resourced systems typical of much of the developing world.
Data from: Environmental conditions alter successional trajectories on an ephemeral resource: a field experiment with beetles in dead wood
<p>Successional processes can be observed for many organisms and resources, but most studies of succession have focused on plants. A general framework has been proposed, advocating that successional patterns in species turnover are predominantly driven by competition, dispersal or abiotic limitation, and that the patterning of species accumulation over time gives clues to which process is most influential in a given system. We applied this framework to succession in communities of wood-living beetles, utilizing ephemeral resources in the form of 60 experimentally created dead aspen high stumps. High stumps were created at sun-exposed sites (high ambient temperature; favorable abiotic conditions) and shaded sites (low ambient temperature; abiotically limiting conditions). The sites were intermixed, ensuring similar dispersal opportunities. Beetle species richness and abundance were monitored with flight interception traps over four consecutive years. Consistent with predictions from the tested framework, several beetle functional groups accumulated species more slowly at the unfavorable shaded sites than at the favorable exposed sites. Species richness at the exposed sites increased rapidly to a plateau, consistent with a limiting effect of competition on community development. Similar results were obtained for beetle abundance and community structure. Part of the variance in beetle community structure was jointly explained by habitat and fungal community composition, suggesting that differences in the composition and developmental rate of fungal communities in the two habitats contributed to the observed patterns. Targeted experimental studies are now required to decisively establish what processes underlie the contrasting successional trajectories in the two environments.</p>
Data from: Propagule pressure and genetic diversity enhance colonization by a ruderal species: a multi-generation field experiment
Colonization is a critical filter, setting the stage for short-term and long-term population success. Increased propagule pressure (e.g., more founding individuals) usually enhances colonization; however, this pattern may be driven by purely numeric effects, population genetic diversity effects, or both. To determine the independent and interactive effects of propagule pressure and genetic diversity, we conducted a seed addition experiment in the field using the ruderal annual Arabidopsis thaliana. Propagule pressure treatments spanned five levels, from 32 to 960 seeds per 0.25-m2 plot. Founder populations were composed of one, four or eight genotypes and exposed to ambient or reduced levels of interspecific competition. Genotype monocultures were included to quantify additive versus non-additive effects. Populations were followed for three generations, with abundance, population persistence and genotype retention (the proportion of introduced genotypes persisting over time) as the major response variables. Increased propagule pressure enhanced abundance immediately following introduction, particularly where nutrient availability was high and competition reduced. Greater propagule pressure also increased the likelihood of population persistence and genotype retention through three generations. However, most populations experienced rapid abundance declines over time, yielding no relationship between propagule pressure and third-generation abundance across persisting populations. Under reduced competition, increased genetic diversity led to a marginal increase in persistence through the third generation that was more pronounced, and statistically significant, in low nutrient conditions. Genetic diversity did not affect persistence through the first generation, thus indicating that genetic diversity effects strengthened over time. Nevertheless, genotypic mixture populations fell short of expectations based on performance in monocultures (negative non-additive effects). Increased genetic diversity was also associated with abundance declines, largely due to one particularly high-performing genotype in the lowest diversity treatments (i.e, genotypic identity effects). Overall, our results indicate that increases in both propagule pressure and genetic diversity can enhance colonization success but are highly context-dependent. They also highlight novel ways in which both factors can impact the retention of introduced genetic diversity over time. Our findings pinpoint the determinants of a fundamental population process and have key implications for applications where enhanced or suppressed colonization is desired, including ecological restoration and invasive species management.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.