Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
124
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
124 results for “fitness cost”
Data from: An X-linked meiotic drive allele has strong, recessive fitness costs in female Drosophila pseudoobscura
<p>Selfish 'meiotic drive' alleles are transmitted to >50% of offspring, allowing them to rapidly invade populations even if they reduce the fitness of individuals carrying them. Theory predicts that drivers should either fix or go extinct, yet some drivers defy these predictions by persisting at low, stable frequencies for decades. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that drivers are especially costly when homozygous, although empirical tests of this idea are rare and equivocal. Here, we measure the fitness of female Drosophila pseudoobscura carrying zero, one, or two copies of the X-linked driver Sex-Ratio (SR). SR had strong negative effects on female offspring production and the probability of reproductive failure, and these effects were largely similar across four genetic backgrounds. SR was especially costly when homozygous. We used our fitness measurements to parameterise a population genetic model, and found that the female fitness costs observed here can explain the puzzlingly low allele frequency of SR in nature. We also use the model to show how spatial variation in female mating behaviour, fitness costs of SR, and the reduced siring success of SR males can jointly explain the North-South cline in SR frequencies across North America.</p>
Data from: Inclusive fitness benefits mitigate costs of cuckoldry to socially paired males
Background: In socially monogamous species, reproduction is not always confined to paired males and females. Extra-pair males commonly also reproduce with paired females, which is traditionally thought to be costly to the females' social partners. However, we suggest that when the relatedness between reproducing individuals is considered, cuckolded males can suffer lower fitness losses than otherwise expected, especially when the rate of cuckoldry is high. We combine theoretical modeling with a detailed genetic study on a socially monogamous wild fish, Variabilichromis moorii, which displays biparental care despite exceptionally high rates of extra-pair paternity. Results: We measured the relatedness between all parties involved in V. moorii spawning events (i.e. between males and females in social pairs, females and their extra-pair partners, and paired males and their cuckolders), and we reveal that males are on average more related to their cuckolders than expected by chance. Queller–Goodnight estimates of relatedness between males and their cuckolders are on average r = 0.038 but can range up to r = 0.64. This also increases the relatedness between males and the extra-pair offspring under their care. These intriguing results are consistent with the predictions of our mathematical model, which shows that elevated relatedness between paired males and their cuckolders can be adaptive for both parties when competition for fertilizations is strong. Conclusions: Our results show how cuckoldry by relatives can offset males' direct fitness losses with inclusive fitness gains, which can be substantial in systems where males face almost certain paternity losses.
Autosomal suppression and fitness costs of an old driving X chromosome in Drosophila testacea
<p>Driving X chromosomes (X<sup>D</sup>s) are meiotic drivers that bias their own transmission through males by killing Y-bearing gametes. These chromosomes can in theory spread rapidly in populations and cause extinction, but many are found as balanced polymorphisms or as "cryptic" X<sup>D</sup>s shut down by drive suppressors. The relative likelihood of these outcomes, as well as the evolutionary pathways through which they come about, are not well-understood. An X<sup>D</sup> was recently discovered in the mycophagous fly, <em>Drosophila testacea</em>, presenting the opportunity to compare this X<sup>D</sup> with the well-studied X<sup>D</sup> of its sister species, <em>Drosophila neotestacea</em>. Comparing features of independently evolved X<sup>D</sup>s in young sister species is a promising avenue towards understanding how X<sup>D</sup>s and their counter acting forces change over time. In contrast to the X<sup>D</sup> of <em>D. neotestacea</em>, we find that the X<sup>D</sup> of <em>D. testacea</em> is old, with its origin predating the radiation of three species: <em>D. testacea</em>, <em>D. neotestacea</em>, and their shared sister species, <em>Drosophila orientacea</em>. Motivated by the suggestion that older X<sup>D</sup>s should be more deleterious to carriers, we assessed the effect of the X<sup>D</sup> on both male and female fertility. Unlike what is known from <em>D. neotestacea</em>, we found a strong fitness cost in females homozygous for the X<sup>D</sup> in <em>D. testacea</em>: a large proportion of homozygous females failed to produce offspring after being housed with males for several days. Our male fertility experiments show that while X<sup>D</sup> male fertility is lower under sperm depleting conditions, X<sup>D</sup> males have comparable fertility to males carrying a standard X chromosome under a free mating regime, which may better approximate conditions in wild populations of <em>D. testacea</em>. Lastly, we demonstrate the presence of autosomal suppression of X chromosome drive. Our results provide support for a model of X<sup>D</sup> evolution where the dynamics of young X<sup>D</sup>s are governed by fitness consequences in males, whereas in older X<sup>D</sup> systems, both suppression and fitness consequences in females likely supersede male fitness costs.</p>
Data from: Inter-generational costs of oxidative stress: reduced fitness in daughters of mothers that experienced high levels of oxidative damage during reproduction
<p>Parental condition transfer effects occur when the parents' physiological state during reproduction affects offspring performance. Oxidative damage may mediate such effects, yet evidence that oxidative damage experienced by parents during reproduction negatively affects offspring fitness is scarce and limited to early life stages. We show in Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>) that maternal levels of oxidative damage, measured during reproduction, negatively predict the number of offspring produced by daughters. This maternal effect on the daughter's reproductive success was mediated by an effect on hatching success, rather than the number of eggs laid by daughters. We also observed a negative association between the father's oxidative damage levels and the number of eggs laid by daughters, but a positive association between the father's oxidative damage levels and the hatching success of these eggs. These opposing paternal effects cancelled each other out, resulting in no overall effect on the number of offspring produced by daughters. No significant association between a female's own level of oxidative damage during reproduction and her reproductive success was observed. Our results suggest that oxidative damage experienced by parents may be a better predictor of an individual's reproductive performance than oxidative damage experienced by the individual itself. Although the mechanisms underlying these parental condition transfer effects are currently unknown, changes in egg composition or (epi-)genetic alterations of gametes may play a role. These findings highlight the importance of an inter-generational perspective when quantifying costs of physiological stress.</p>
Role of Social Aggregation in the Fitness Cost of Pyrethroid-resistant German Cockroaches
<p>The data reported in the dataset refer to fitness cost of German cockroach and the effect of group size on biological attributes of field German cockroach </p>
Manduca sexta experience high parasitoid pressures in the field but minor fitness costs of consuming plant secondary compounds
<p>Plant-herbivore co-evolutionary interactions have led to a range of plant defenses that minimize insect damage and a suite of counter-adaptations that allow herbivores to feed on defended plants. Consuming plant secondary compounds results in herbivore growth and developmental costs but can have beneficial effects such as deterrence or harm of parasitoid enemies. Therefore, the role of secondary compounds on herbivore fitness must be considered in the context of the abundance and level of harm from natural enemies and the costs herbivores incur feeding on plant secondary compounds.</p> <ol> <li>In this study, I combined field measurements of <em>Cotesia congregata</em> wasp parasitism pressure with detailed measurements of the costs of plant secondary compounds across developmental stages in the herbivore host, <em>Manduca sexta</em>.</li> <li>I show that <em>C. congregata</em> parasitoids exert large negative selective pressures, killing 31-57% of <em>M. sexta</em> larvae in the field. <em>Manduca sexta </em>developed fastest during instars most at risk for parasitoid oviposition but growth was slowed by consumption of plant secondary compounds. The negative effects of consuming plant secondary compounds as larvae influenced adult size traits but there were no immune, survival, or fecundity costs.</li> <li>These results suggest that developmental costs experienced by <em>M. sexta</em> herbivores consuming defensive compounds are minor in comparison to the strong negative survival pressures from abundant parasitoid enemies.</li> </ol>
Fitness costs and benefits in response to artificial artesunate selection in Plasmodium
<p>The file contains the raw data from the experiments.</p> <p>The tabs are as follows:</p> <p>"EX1_Bird data" contains all the data in Experiment 1 (Experiments are clearly labelled in the manuscript)</p> <p>"EX2_Mosquito parasitaemia" contains the quantification of oocysts n Experiment 2</p> <p>"EX2_Mosquito_lht" contains the quantification of mosquito life history traits in Experiment 2</p> <p>"EX3_Mosquito parasite dynamics" contains the quantification of oocysts and sporozoites over several days carried out in Experiment 3</p> <p>The column names are self-explanatory</p>
Migratory cavity nesters (Ficedula hypoleuca) incur fitness costs from ecological traps
<p><span>When selecting a habitat for breeding and offspring rearing, it is optimal for organisms to select a stable habitat with high amounts of quality resources. However, organisms may inadvertently select a habitat for breeding that would initially appear preferential and healthy, but may in reality be detrimental to parent and/or offspring fitness. Such ecological traps may even be the result of human habitat modification and conservation efforts. In this study, we tested whether migratory European pied flycatcher (</span>Ficedula hypoleuca) offspring cavity-nesting in patches of forest affected by outbreaks of the great web-spinning sawfly (Acantholyda posticalis<span>) incurred fitness detriments characteristic of ecological traps when compared to flycatchers that nested in patches of unaffected forest. Outbreaking sawfly larvae overconsume Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles and substrate, which decreases resource availability directly and indirectly–through cascading effects–for birds inhabiting the forest. In installing nest boxes to attract breeding pairs and potentially combat the outbreak, we found that flycatchers inhabiting areas of sawfly outbreaks had similar clutch sizes to pairs breeding in healthy forest patches. Contrarily, the fledgling number and body condition were significantly lower for those nesting in the damaged forests. Though larvae serve as the primary food source for nestlings, the forest patches damaged by sawflies also had lower larval biomass from rapid resource decline due to overconsumption. In provisioning nest boxes for migrating flycatcher pairs in forest patches that were subsequently impacted by a pest insect outbreak, an ecological trap arose for those pairs choosing to nest in what appeared to be an unaffected forest at first. Given the inability of breeding pairs to distinguish habitat quality on initial inspection, we suggest that nest boxes be used with caution in areas with unstable habitat conditions when attracting migratory birds given the trends of their declining global numbers.</span></p>
Data from: Integrating fitness components reveals that survival costs outweigh other benefits and costs of group living in two closely related species
Group living can be beneficial when individuals reproduce or survive better in the presence of others, but simultaneously there might be costs due to competition for resources. Positive and negative effects on various fitness components might thus counteract each other, so integration is essential to determine their overall effect. Here, we investigated how an integrated fitness measure (reproductive values; RV) based on six fitness components varied with group size among group members in cooperatively-breeding red-winged and superb fairy-wrens (Malurus elegans and M. cyaneus). Despite life historie differences between the species, patterns of RVs were similar, suggesting that the same behavioural mechanisms are important. Group living reduced RVs for dominant males, but for other group members this was only true in large groups. Decomposition analyses showed that our integrated fitness proxy was most strongly affected by group size effects on survival, which was amplified through carry-over effects between years. Our study shows that integrative consideration of fitness components and subsequent decomposition analysis provide much needed insights into the key behavioural mechanisms shaping the costs and benefits of group living. Such attribution is crucial if we are to synthesize the relative importance of the myriad group size costs and benefits currently reported in the literature.
Context dependent fitness costs of reproduction despite stable body mass costs in an Arctic herbivore
<p class="western">1. The cost of reproduction on demographic rates is often assumed to operate through changing body condition. Several studies have found that reproduction depresses body mass more if the current conditions are severe, such as high population densities or adverse weather, than under benign environmental conditions. However, few studies have investigated the association between the fitness and body mass costs of reproduction.</p> <p class="western">2. Using 25 years of individual-based capture-recapture data from Svalbard reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus</i>), we built a novel Bayesian state-space model that jointly estimated inter-annual change in mass, annual reproductive success, and survival, while accounting for incomplete observations. The model allowed us to partition the differential effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on both non-reproductive mass change and the body mass cost of reproduction and to quantify their consequences on demographic rates.</p> <p class="western">3. Contrary to our expectation, the body mass cost of reproduction (mean = 5.8 kg) varied little between years (CV = 0.08) whereas the between-year variation in body mass changes, that were independent of the previous year's reproductive state, varied substantially (CV = 0.4) in relation to autumn temperature and the amount of rain-on-snow in winter. This mass loss led to a cost of reproduction on the next reproduction, which was amplified by the same environmental covariates, from a 10% reduction in reproductive success in benign years, to a 50% reduction in harsh years. The reproductive mass loss also resulted in a small reduction in survival.</p> <p class="western">4. Our results show how demographic costs of reproduction, driven by inter-annual fluctuations in individual body condition, result from the balance between body mass costs of reproduction and body mass changes that are independent of previous reproductive state. We illustrate how a strong context dependent fitness cost of reproduction can occur, despite a relatively fixed body mass cost of reproduction. This suggests that female reindeer display a very conservative energy allocation strategy, either aborting their reproductive attempt at an early stage or weaning at a relatively constant cost. Such a strategy might be common in species living in a highly stochastic food limited environment.</p>
Genomic shifts, phenotypic clines and fitness costs associated with cold-tolerance in the Asian tiger mosquito
<p>Climatic variation is a key driver of genetic differentiation and phenotypic traits evolution, and local adaptation to temperature is expected in widespread species. We investigated phenotypic and genomic changes in the native range of the Asian tiger mosquito, <em>Aedes</em> <em>albopictus</em>. We first refine the phylogeographic structure based on genome-wide regions (1,901 double-digest restriction-site associated DNA single nucleotide polymophisms [ddRAD SNPs]) from 41 populations. We then explore the patterns of cold adaptation using phenotypic traits measured in common garden (wing size and cold tolerance) and genotype–temperature associations at targeted candidate regions (51,706 exon-capture SNPs) from nine populations. We confirm the existence of three evolutionary lineages including clades A (Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos), B (China and Okinawa), and C (South Korea and Japan). We identified temperature-associated differentiation in 15 out of 221 candidate regions but none in ddRAD regions, supporting the role of directional selection in detected genes. These include genes involved in lipid metabolism and a circadian clock gene. Most outlier SNPs are differently fixed between clades A and C, whereas clade B has an intermediate pattern. Females are larger at higher latitudes yet produce no more eggs, which might favor the storage of energetic reserves in colder climates. Nondiapausing eggs from temperate populations survive better to cold exposure than those from tropical populations, suggesting they are protected from freezing damages but this cold tolerance has a fitness cost in terms of egg viability. Altogether, our results provide strong evidence for the thermal adaptation of <em>A</em>. <em>albopictus</em> across its wide temperature range.</p>
Biomass data to accompany Inter-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium and linked fitness cost loci associated with selection for herbicide resistance
<ul> <li>The adaptation of weeds to herbicide is both a significant problem in agriculture and a model of rapid adaptation. However, significant gaps remain in our knowledge of resistance controlled by many loci and the evolutionary factors that influence the maintenance of resistance.</li> <li>Here, using herbicide-resistant populations of the common morning glory (<em>Ipomoea</em> <em>purpurea</em>), we perform a multi-level analysis of the genome and transcriptome to uncover putative loci involved in nontarget-site herbicide resistance (NTSR) and to examine evolutionary forces underlying the maintenance of resistance in natural populations.</li> <li>We found loci involved in herbicide detoxification and stress sensing to be under selection and confirmed that detoxification is responsible for glyphosate resistance using a functional assay. We identified interchromosomal linkage disequilibrium (ILD) among loci under selection reflecting either historical processes or additive effects leading to the resistance phenotype. We further identified potential fitness cost loci that were strongly linked to resistance alleles, indicating the role of genetic hitchhiking in maintaining the cost.</li> <li>Overall, our work suggests that NTSR glyphosate resistance in<em> I. purpurea</em> is conferred by multiple genes which are potentially maintained through generations <em>via</em> ILD and that the fitness cost associated with resistance in this species is likely a by-product of genetic-hitchhiking.</li> </ul>
Fitness costs and oviposition choice of C. nenuphar on blueberry and peach
<p>In phytophagous insects, adult attraction and oviposition preference for a host plant is often positively correlated with their immature performance; however, little is known how this preference-performance relationship changes within insect populations utilizing different host plants. Here, we investigated differences in the preference and performance of two populations of a native North American frugivorous insect pest, the plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) ‒ one that utilizes peaches and another that utilizes blueberries as hosts ‒ in the Mid-Atlantic United States. For this, we collected C. nenuphar adult populations from peach and blueberry farms and found that they exhibited a clear preference for the odors of, as well as an ovipositional preference for, the hosts they were collected from, laying 67-83% of their eggs in their respective natal hosts. To measure C. nenuphar larval performance, a fitness index was calculated using data on larval weights, development, and survival rate from egg to fourth instars when reared on the parent's natal and novel hosts. Larvae of C. nenuphar adults collected from peach had high fitness on peach but low fitness when reared on blueberry. In contrast, larvae from C. nenuphar adults collected in blueberry had high fitness regardless of the host they were reared on. In this study, we show that utilizing a novel host such as blueberry incurs a fitness cost for C. nenuphar from peaches, but this cost was not observed for C. nenuphar from blueberries, indicating that the preference-performance relationship depends on the particular insect population-host plant association.</p>
Quantifying the Benefits and Cost-effectiveness of Real-Ear Measurements (REM) for Hearing Aid Fitting
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05621798. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
The Flamenco (Fitness League Against MENopause COsts) Project
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02358109. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 35.
Data from: Inter-generational costs of oxidative stress: reduced fitness in daughters of mothers that experienced high levels of oxidative damage during reproduction
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Costly infidelity: low lifetime fitness of extra-pair offspring in a passerine bird
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Fitness cost due to herbicide resistance may trigger genetic background evolution
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: An X-linked meiotic drive allele has strong, recessive fitness costs in female Drosophila pseudoobscura
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Inclusive fitness benefits mitigate costs of cuckoldry to socially paired males
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.