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116 results for “floral traits”
Data from: Spatiotemporal variation in selection on floral traits related to abortion rate, predispersal seed predation, and fitness variance
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Data from: Floral antagonists counteract pollinator-mediated selection on attractiveness traits in the hummingbird-pollinated Collaea cipoensis (Fabaceae)
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Behavioural and morphological traits influence sex-specific floral resource use by hummingbirds
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Integrating floral trait and flowering time distribution patterns help reveal a more dynamic nature of co-flowering community assembly processes
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Quantitative trait locus mapping reveals an independent genetic basis for joint divergence in leaf function, life-history, and floral traits between scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis) populations
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Data from: Floral function: effects of traits on pollinators, male and female pollination success, and female fitness across three species of milkweeds (Asclepias)
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Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness
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Data from: Not just flowering time: a resurrection approach shows floral attraction traits are changing over time
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Floral traits mediate pollinator disease transmission
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Data from: Rapid evolution of a floral trait following acquisition of novel pollinators
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Data from: Selection of floral traits by pollinators and seed predators during sequential life history stages
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Data from: Genetic and spatial variation in vegetative and floral traits across a hybrid zone
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An elevational gradient in floral traits and pollinator assemblages in the Neotropical species Costus guanaiensis var. Tarmicus in Peru
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Data from: Floral trait differentiation in Anacamptis coriophora: phenotypic selection on scents, but not on colour
<p>Current divergent selection may promote floral trait differentiation among conspecific populations in flowering plants. However, whether this applies to complex traits such as colour or scents has been little studied, even though these traits often vary within species. In this study, we compared floral colour and odour as well as selective pressures imposed upon these traits among seven populations belonging to three subspecies of the widespread, generalist orchid <i>Anacamptis coriophora</i>. Colour was characterised using calibrated photographs and scents were sampled using dynamic headspace extraction and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We then quantified phenotypic selection exerted on these traits by regressing fruit set values on floral trait values. We showed that the three studied subspecies were characterised by different floral colour and odour, with one of the two predominant floral volatiles emitted by each subspecies being taxon-specific. Plant size was positively correlated with fruit set in most populations, while we found no apparent link between floral colour and female reproductive success. We detected positive selection on several taxon-specific compounds in <i>A. coriophora</i> subsp. <i>fragrans</i>, whereas no selection was found on floral volatiles of <i>A. coriophora</i> subsp. <i>coriophora</i> and <i>A. coriophora</i> subsp. <i>martrinii</i>. This study is one of the first to document variation in phenotypic selection exerted on floral scents among conspecific populations. Our results suggest that selection could contribute to ongoing chemical divergence among <i>A. coriophora</i> subspecies.</p>
Data from: Genotype-specific effects of ericoid mycorrhizae on floral traits and reproduction in Vaccinium corymbosum
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Most plants interact with mycorrhizal fungi and animal pollinators simultaneously. Yet, the effects of mycorrhizae on pollination are poorly understood. Here, we examined how inoculation with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi affected flowering phenology, floral traits, and reproductive success among eight genotypes of Vaccinium corymbosum (Ericaceae). We asked three overarching questions: 1) do genotypes differ in response to inoculation? 2) How does inoculation affect floral and flowering traits? 3) Are inoculated plants more attractive to pollinators and thus less pollen limited than non-inoculated plants of the same genotype? METHODS: To examine these questions, we experimentally inoculated plants with fungal spores at planting, grew them in the field, and took flowering and floral measurements over two years. In year two, we conducted a hand-pollination experiment to test if plants differed in pollen limitation. KEY RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that inoculated plants had significantly higher levels of colonization for some genotypes but not all, and there were significant floral trait changes in inoculated plants for some genotypes as well. On average, inoculated plants produced significantly larger floral displays, more fruits/inflorescence, and heavier fruits with lower sugar content, than non-inoculated, control plants. Hand pollination enhanced the production of fruits, and fruit mass, for non-inoculated plants but not for those that were inoculated. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that ericoid mycorrhizal fungi enhance flowering and alter investment in reproduction in genotype-specific ways. These findings underscore the importance of examining belowground symbionts to fully understand the drivers of aboveground interactions.
Do visual traits honestly signal floral rewards at community level?
<p>1. The high variability observed in floral traits has been interpreted as resulting from the adaptation of plants to pollinators, as the latter present innate preferences for specific floral traits and impose selection over them. However, some pollinators such as bees can learn to associate floral signals with rewards, thus increasing floral constancy on more rewarding flowers. The integration of all these rewards and cues is markedly important at community level, where co-flowering species compete for pollinators. 2. In order to verify the honesty of the above mentioned signals, we examined the association between floral visual signals (size, colour, symmetry and floral display) and rewards (pollen and nectar) for 98 species in a Mediterranean community. The associations between floral traits were analysed considering the phylogenetic relationship between the different species. 3. Flower colour, size, pollen volume, or amount of sucrose exhibited no phylogenetic signal, which suggests an adaptive evolution in response to different conditions in the pollinator community. Flower size was seen to constitute the most honest signal for pollinators, as this was significantly associated with quantities of pollen and nectar. In contrast, nectar concentration was observed to be positively associated with chromatic contrast. We detected no relationship between flower shape and rewards, on the one hand, or between flower display and rewards, on the other. 4. Our study unequivocally demonstrates the correlation between rewards and the visual signals perceived by bees, the most effective pollinators in the Mediterranean Basin. In the community studied, bees employed flower size at longer distances and chromatic contrast at shorter distances to predict rewards. The limited number of studies existing in this sense indicates that this kind of association appears to be community specific.</p>
Simulated pollinator declines intensify selection on floral traits that facilitate selfing and outcrossing in Impatiens capensis
<p>PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Anthropogenic environmental change is causing pollinator populations to decline. These declines should intensify selection for floral traits that facilitate outcrossing by making plants more attractive to pollinators and/or for floral traits that facilitate selfing in the absence of pollinators. However, the effect of pollinator declines on selection on floral traits could be modified by other environmental factors such as herbivores. <br> METHODS: We studied the effect of simulated pollinator declines on selection on floral traits of Impatiens capensis, a mixed-mating species that produces both obligately selfing cleistogamous flowers and primarily outcrossing chasmogamous flowers. We measured directional selection differentials via seeds per plant on two traits that facilitate outcrossing (chasmogamous flower size and number) and one trait that facilitates selfing (cleistogamous flower number) in ambient, reduced pollinator access, and reduced pollinator access + increased foliar herbivory treatments.<br> RESULTS: Reduced pollinator access intensified selection for larger chasmogamous flowers and more cleistogamous flowers. In contrast, increased herbivory did not affect selection on any floral trait. <br> CONCLUSIONS: Reduced pollinator access intensified selection for a trait that facilitates outcrossing, suggesting that even species such as I. capensis that can autonomously self-pollinate have the potential to respond to pollinator declines by evolving floral traits that reinforce interactions between plants and pollinators. However, reduced pollinator access also intensified selection for a trait that facilitates selfing, suggesting that I. capensis could adapt to pollinator declines by evolving floral traits that maintain the production of both selfed and outcrossed seeds.<br> </p>
Data from: Selection by pollinators on floral traits in generalized Trollius ranunculoides (Ranunculaceae) along altitudinal gradients
Abundance and visitation of pollinator assemblages tend to decrease with altitude, leading to an increase in pollen limitation. Thus increased competition for pollinators may generate stronger selection on attractive traits of flowers at high elevations and cause floral adaptive evolution. Few studies have related geographically variable selection from pollinators and intraspecific floral differentiation. We investigated the variation of Trollius ranunculoides flowers and its pollinators along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and measured phenotypic selection by pollinators on floral traits across populations. The results showed significant decline of visitation rate of bees along altitudinal gradients, while flies was unchanged. When fitness is estimated by the visitation rate rather than the seed number per plant, phenotypic selection on the sepal length and width shows a significant correlation between the selection strength and the altitude, with stronger selection at higher altitudes. However, significant decreases in the sepal length and width of T. ranunculoides along the altitudinal gradient did not correspond to stronger selection of pollinators. In contrast to the pollinator visitation, mean annual precipitation negatively affected the sepal length and width, and contributed more to geographical variation in measured floral traits than the visitation rate of pollinators. Therefore, the sepal size may have been influenced by conflicting selection pressures from biotic and abiotic selective agents. This study supports the hypothesis that lower pollinator availability at high altitude can intensify selection on flower attractive traits, but abiotic selection is preventing a response to selection from pollinators.
Data from: Floral traits of mammal-pollinated Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae): implications for generalist-like pollination systems
Floral traits are adapted by plants to attract pollinators. Some of those plants that have different pollinators in different regions adapt to each pollinator in each region to maximize their pollination success. Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae) limits the pollinators using its floral structure and is pollinated by different mammals in different regions. Here, we examine the relationships between floral traits of M. macrocarpa and the external morphology of mammalian pollinators in different regions of its distribution. Field surveys were conducted on Kyushu and Okinawajima Island in Japan, and in Taiwan, where the main pollinators are the Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata, Ryukyu flying fox Pteropus dasymallus, and red-bellied squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus, respectively. We measured the floral shapes, nectar secretion patterns, sugar components, and external morphology of the pollinators. Results showed that floral shape was slightly different among regions, and that flower sizes were not correlated with the external morphology of the pollinators. Volume and sugar rate of nectar was not significantly different among the three regions and did not change throughout the day in any of the regions. However, nectar concentration was higher in Kyushu than in the other two regions. These results suggest that the floral traits of M. macrocarpa are not adapted to each pollinator in each region. Although this plant limits the number of pollinators using its flower structure, it has not adapted to specific mammals, and may attract several species of mammals. Such generalist-like pollination system might have evolved in the Old World.
Global gradients in intraspecific variation in vegetative and floral traits are partially associated with climate and species richness
<p><span><b>Aim</b></span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span>Intraspecific trait variation (ITV) within natural plant communities can be large, influencing local ecological processes and dynamics. Here, we shed light on how ITV in vegetative and floral traits responds to large-scale abiotic and biotic gradients (i.e. climate and species richness). Specifically, we tested if associations of ITV with temperature, precipitation and species richness were consistent with any of from four hypotheses relating to stress-tolerance and competition. Furthermore, we estimated the degree of correlation between ITV in vegetative and floral traits and how they vary along the gradients. </span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span><b>Location</b></span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span>Global.</span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span><b>Time period</b></span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span>1975-2016.</span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span><b>Major taxa studied</b></span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span>Herbaceous and woody plants.</span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span><b>Methods</b></span></p> <p class="SemEspaamento1"><span>We compiled a dataset of 18,112 measurements of the absolute extent of ITV (measured as coefficient of variation) in nine vegetative and seven floral traits from 2,774 herbaceous and woody species at 2,306 locations. </span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span><b>Results</b></span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span>Large-scale associations between ITV and climate were trait-specific and more prominent for vegetative traits, especially leaf morphology, than for floral traits. ITV showed pronounced associations with climate, with lower ITV values in colder areas and higher values in drier areas. The associations of ITV with species richness were inconsistent across traits. Species-specific associations across gradients were often idiosyncratic and covariation in ITV was weaker between vegetative and floral traits than within the two trait groups.</span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span><b>Main conclusions</b></span></p> <p class="CuerpoA"><span>Our results show that, depending on the traits considered, ITV either increased or decreased with climate stress and species richness, suggesting that both factors can constrain or enhance ITV, which might foster plant-population persistence under stressful conditions. Given the species-specific responses and covariation in ITV, associations can be hard to predict for traits and species not yet studied. We conclude that considering ITV can improve our understanding of how plants cope with stressful conditions and environmental change across spatial and biological scales. </span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.