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170 results for “forest litter”
Litter Fall Collection Study in Pinyon-Juniper, Cottowood, and Spruce-Fir-Aspen Forests at the Sevilleta NWR, Bosque del Apache NWR, and the Cibola National Forest, New Mexico (1992-1993)
The litterfall study was designed to assess the quantity of biomass (leaves, twigs, reproductive materials) falling from tree species in different ecosystem types. Three study sites selected were:  (1) the pinyon-juniper woodland site near Cerro Montoso on the Sevilleta NWR; (2) the cottonwood forest LTER site along the Rio Grande at Bosque del Apache NWR; and (2) the old-growth spruce-fir-aspen site near South Baldy in the Magdalena Mountains (Cibola National Forest).  The study was conducted over two years (1992-1993) to compare litterfall rates and quantities among sites, seasons and years.
Soil and litter chemistry, soil microbial communities and litter decomposition from tropical forest and oil palm
<b>Description: </b><p>A study examining the interactions between soil chemistry, litter chemistry and soil microbial decomposers as controls on rates of litter decomposition across a tropical land use disturbance gradient. Co-located soil and litter samples were collected from old growth forest, moderately logged forest, heavily logged forest and oil palm plantations. Soil and litter were chemically characterised and soil bacterial and fungal community composition and abundance were measured. These were then combined in fully factorial ex-situ microcosms and measured litter decomposition rates at 3 time points during different stages of decomposition.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/124"><b>Biodiversity and land-use impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI): Quantifying biogeochemistry across forest disturbance gradients in Sabah</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>UK NERC-funded Biodiversity And Land-use Impacts on Tropical Ecosystem Function (BALI) consortium (Standard grant, NE/K016377/1)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.5 (20))</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Export licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/3 JLD.2 (70))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3929632">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: SAFE_Dataset.xlsx</p><p><b>SAFE_Dataset.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 5 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Soil_Properties</b> (described in worksheet Soil_Properties)</p><p>Description: Basic measured soil properties</p><p>Number of fields: 9</p><p>Number of data rows: 20</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Plot</b>: Plot name corresponding to the GEM Carbon plot where soils were sampled (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Plot_ID</b>: Plot ID indicating land use as referenced in the Frontiers in forests and global change publication "Soil microbial community and litter quality controls on decomposition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient" (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>location_name</b>: Name of subplot where soils were collected (Field type: location)</li><li><b>gravimetric moisture content</b>: Soil moisture content at the time of sample collection (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>soil_pH</b>: Soil pH measured on fresh soils (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>soil_N</b>: Total soil Nitrogen (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>soil_C</b>: Total soil Carbon (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>soil_C.N</b>: Soil carbon to nitrogen ratio (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>soil_P</b>: soil inorganic phosphorus (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Litter_Chemistry</b> (described in worksheet Litter_Chemistry)</p><p>Description: Litter chemistry data of mixed forest floor litter, collected, sorted to remove humified material, woody debris and dried</p><p>Number of fields: 20</p><p>Number of data rows: 40</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Plot</b>: Plot name corresponding to the GEM Carbon plot where soils were sampled (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Plot_ID</b>: Plot ID indicating land use as referenced in the Frontiers in forests and global change publication "Soil microbial community and litter quality controls on decomposition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient" (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>location_name</b>: Name of subplot where soils were collected (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Pretreatment</b>: Whether the litter sample was sterilised by autoclaving or not (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>leaf_K</b>: leaf potassium concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_Ca</b>: leaf Calcium concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_Mg</b>: leaf Magnesium concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_Al</b>: leaf aluminium concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_P</b>: leaf phosphorus concentrations (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>solubles</b>: leaf soluble cell content (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>hem_pro_cel_lig_rec</b>: leaf hemicellulose, proteins, cellulose, lignin and recalcitrant fibres (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>hem_pro</b>: leaf hemicellulose and proteins (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>cel_lig_rec</b>: leaf cellulose, lignin and recalcitrant fibres (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>cel</b>: leaf cellulose (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>lig_rec</b>: leaf lignin and recalcitrants (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_N</b>: leaf nitrogen concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_C</b>: leaf carbon concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>c.n</b>: leaf carbon to nitrogen ration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13c</b>: leaf carbon stable isotope ratio (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d15n</b>: leaf nitrogen stable isotope ratio (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>PLFA_Concentrations</b> (described in worksheet PLFA_Concentrations)</p><p>Description: Phospolipid Fatty Acid (PLFA) concentrations as biomarkers of soil bacteria and fungi. Extracted from freeze dried soils prior to the microcosm experiment</p><p>Number of fields: 10</p><p>Number of data rows: 20</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Plot</b>: Plot name corresponding to the GEM Carbon plot where soils were sampled (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Plot_ID</b>: Plot ID indicating land use as referenced in the Frontiers in forests and global change publication "Soil microbial community and litter quality controls on decomposition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient" (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>location_name</b>: Name of subplot where soils were collected (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Total_PLFA</b>: Total PLFA concentrations extracted from soil samples (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Fungal_PLFA</b>: Fungal PLFA biomarker concentrations extracted from soils (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Bacteria_PLFA</b>: Bacteria PLFA biomarkers extracted from soils (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Fungal:Bacteria</b>: Ratio of fungal to bacteria PLFAs (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Gram_Pos_PLFA</b>: Gram Positive PLFA Biomarker concentrations extracted from soil (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Gram_Neg_PLFA</b>: Gram Negative PLFA Biomarker concentrations extracted from soil (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>GramPos:GramNeg</b>: Gram positive to Gram negative PLFA ratios (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Soil_Microbial_Communities</b> (described in worksheet Soil_Microbial_Communities)</p><p>Description: Summary diversity statistics from bacterial 16S and fungal ITS biomarker microbial sequencing. DNA extracted from soils prior to microcosm experiment</p><p>Number of fields: 9</p><p>Number of data rows: 20</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Plot</b>: Plot name corresponding to the GEM Carbon plot where soils were sampled (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Plot_ID</b>: Plot ID indicating land use as referenced in the Frontiers in forests and global change publication "Soil microbial community and litter quality controls on decomposition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient" (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>location_name</b>: Name of subplot where soils were collected (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Bacteria_Richness</b>: Number of observed bacterial taxa from sequencing of 16S marker genes from soil samples (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Bacteria_Shannon</b>: Bacterial Shannon diversity from 16S Marker gene sequencing (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Fungal_Richness</b>: Number of observed fungal taxa from sequencing of 16S marker genes from soil samples (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Fungal_Shannon</b>: Fungal Shannon diversity from 16S Marker gene sequencing (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Saprotrophic_Fungal_Richness</b>: Number of observed saprotrophic fungal taxa from sequencing of 16S marker genes from soil samples (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Saprotrophic_Fungal_Shannon</b>: Saprotrophic Fungal Shannon diversity from 16S Marker gene sequencing (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Ex_Situ_Litter_Decomposition</b> (described in worksheet Ex_Situ_Litter_Decomposition)</p><p>Description: Fully factorial litter decomposition experiment. 16 unique soil and litter combinations (4x4) were incubated in petri dishes at constant temperature and moisture and mass loss measured after 31, 105 and 398 days.</p><p>Number of fields: 8</p><p>Number of data rows: 240</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>location_name</b>: Name of subplot where soils were collected (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Soil_ID</b>: Soil ID indicating which land use soil was collected from (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Litter_Location</b>: Location of which GEM carbon plot the litter was collected from. Litter was collected from the 5 carbon subplots as per soil collection and homogenised into one composite sample per carbon plot (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Litter_ID</b>: Litter ID indicating which land use litter was collected from (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Experimental_Block</b>: Which experimental block the microcosm was assigned to. N= 5 (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>Timepoint</b>: At what timepoint the litter was harvested from each microcosm (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Mass_Loss</b>: The mass loss of litter relative to the starting mass of 1g (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>home_away</b>: Descriptor for whether the soil and litter combination in microcosm (Field type: categorical)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2014-10-01 to 2018-09-01</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6402 to 4.9539</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.4518 to 117.7942</p>
Data from: Leaf litter decomposition in tropical freshwater swamp forests is slower in swamp than non-swamp conditions
<p><span><span>Decomposition is a key ecosystem function, and the rate of decomposition in forests affects their carbon storage potentials. Processes and factors determining leaf litter decomposition rates in dry-land and temperate forests are well understood, but these are generally poorly studied in tropical wetland forests, especially freshwater swamp forests (FSF). The home-field advantage (HFA) hypothesis predicts that soil microbes specialize in decomposing leaf litter produced by the tree species in their immediate vicinity. However, empirical support for the HFA is equivocal, and the HFA has never been tested in the highly heterogeneous and biodiverse ecosystems of tropical FSFs. We collected leaf litter from swamp and non-swamp tree species in a tropical FSF in Singapore and monitored the decomposition rates of these in swamp and non-swamp plots for a period of eight months. Leaf litter decomposed 3.7 times more slowly in swamp plots. Leaf litter from swamp tree species were significantly poorer in quality (higher C:N ratio) than those of non-swamp FSF tree species, but this had only a weak effect on decomposition rates. There was also only weak evidence for the HFA and only in non-swamp conditions. Our results show that while the leaf litter of tropical FSF swamp and non-swamp tree species differ significantly in chemical traits, litter decomposition rate is ultimately determined by local abiotic conditions, such as hydrology. Additionally, the high FSF tree diversity may prevent decomposer communities from specializing on any group of leaf litter types and thus limit the extent of HFA observed in such heterogeneous forests.</span></span></p>
Data from: Intraspecific leaf trait variation mediates edge effects on litter decomposition rate in fragmented forests
<p>There is strong trait dependence in species-level responses to environmental change and their cascading effects on ecosystem functioning. However, there is little understanding of whether intraspecific trait variation (ITV) can also be an important mechanism mediating environmental effects on ecosystem functioning. This is surprising, given that global change processes such as habitat fragmentation and the creation of forest edges drive strong trait shifts within species. On 20 islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China, we quantified intraspecific leaf trait shifts of a widely distributed shrub species, <em>Vaccinium carlesii</em>, in response to habitat fragmentation. Using a reciprocal transplant decomposition experiment between forest edge and interior on 11 islands with varying areas, we disentangled the relative effects of intraspecific leaf trait variation vs. altered environmental conditions on leaf decomposition rates in forest fragments. We found strong intraspecific variation in leaf traits in response to edge effects, with a shift towards recalcitrant leaves with low specific leaf area and high leaf dry matter content from forest interior to the edge. Using structural equation modelling, we showed that such intraspecific leaf trait response to habitat fragmentation had translated into significant plant afterlife effects on leaf decomposition, leading to decreased leaf decomposition rates from the forest interior to the edge. Importantly, the effects of intraspecific leaf trait variation were additive to and stronger than the effects from local environmental changes due to edge effects and habitat loss. Our experiment provides the first quantitative study showing that intraspecific leaf trait response to edge effects is an important driver of the decrease in leaf decomposition rate in fragmented forests. By extending the trait-based response-effect framework towards the individual level, intraspecific variation in leaf economics traits can provide the missing functional link between environmental change and ecological processes. These findings suggest an important area for future research on incorporating ITV to understand and predict changes in ecosystem functioning in the context of global change.</p>
Data from: UV radiation doubles microbial degradation of standing litter in a subtropical forest
<p><span>UV radiation has been recognized as a direct driver of litter decomposition by photodegrading organic matter in dryland ecosystems. </span><span>However, the importance and mechanism of UV radiation on litter decomposition, especially on standing litter, in humid forest ecosystems remain unclear. </span></p> <p><span>We conducted a factorial experiment in a humid subtropical forest gap, manipulating the effects of UV radiation on the decomposition of standing litter under different microbial conditions. </span></p> <p><span>After 366 days of standing incubation, under normal conditions (UV pass with microorganisms), up to 40.63% of the litter mass was lost. However, under a UV pass without microorganisms, litter mass loss was only 16.30%. Under a UV block, the mass loss of litter with microorganisms was 27.68% and that of litter without microorganisms was 15.54%. Without microorganisms, UV radiation had no significant effect on the mass loss of litter carbon. However, UV radiation increased the DOC concentration of litter. And in the presence of microorganisms, UV radiation contributed to an increased mass loss of lignin by 16.72% and of cellulose by 14.75%. No negative effects of UV radiation on microorganisms were observed. These results suggest that UV radiation increased the net mass loss of litter by 106.67%,</span> <span>and this doubling promotion was achieved through microbial degradation. </span></p> <p><strong><em><span>Synthesis</span></em></strong><span>. The increase in microbial degradation under UV radiation may be linked to the increased degradability of lignin and cellulose caused by photodegradation. Our study indicates that direct photodegradation by UV radiation could be weak in subtropical forests, but UV photofacilitation generates rapid turnover of carbon in this system.</span></p>
Litter decomposition rates across tropical montane and lowland forests are controlled foremost by climate
<p>The "hierarchy of factors" hypothesis states that decomposition rates are controlled primarily by climatic, followed by biological and soil variables. Tropical montane forests (TMF) are globally important ecosystems, yet there have been limited efforts to provide a biome-scale characterization of litter decomposition. We designed a common litter decomposition experiment replicated in 23 tropical montane sites across the Americas, Asia, and Africa and combined these results with a previous study of 23 sites in tropical lowland forests (TLF). Specifically, we investigated (1) spatial heterogeneity in decomposition, (2) the relative importance of biological factors that affect leaf and wood decomposition in TMF and, (3) the role of climate in determining leaf litter decomposition rates within and across the TMF and TLF biomes. Litterbags of two mesh sizes containing <em>Laurus</em> <em>nobilis </em>leaves or birchwood popsicle sticks were spatially dispersed and incubated in TMF sites, for 3 and 7 months on the soil surface and at 10-15 cm depth. The within-site replication demonstrated spatial variability in mass loss. Within TMF, litter type was the predominant biological factor influencing decomposition (leaves > wood), with mesh and burial effects playing a minor role. When comparing across TMF and TLF, climate was the predominant control over decomposition, but the Yasso07 global model (based on mean annual temperature and precipitation) only modestly predicted decomposition rate. Differences in controlling factors between biomes suggest that TMF, with their high rates of carbon storage, must be explicitly considered when developing theory and models to elucidate carbon cycling rates in the tropics.</p>
The impact of invertebrates and fungi on litter decomposition rate in modified forests
<b>Description: </b><p>Litter decomposition experiment</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/79"><b>The impact of invertebrates and fungi on litter decomposition rate in modified forests</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=68">here</a></p><p><b>Data worksheets: </b>There are 1 data worksheets in this dataset:</p><ol><li><p><b>Litter decomposition experiment</b> (Worksheet Data)</p><p>Dimensions: 418 rows by 14 columns</p><p>Description: Results from leaf litter decomposition experiment</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site</b>: SAFE Project sample point (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Dateset</b>: Day litter bag was placed in field (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Bagno.</b>: Code relating to numbers on litter bags (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Treatment</b>: Experimental treatment applied to litter bag (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Cline</b>: NA (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Litterdepth</b>: Depth of leaf litter adjacent to litter bag (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>pH</b>: Soil pH (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Meanhandlingloss</b>: Average weight of litter lost from litter bag during transport to/from field (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Travelbagweight</b>: Estimated weight of litter bag placed in field (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Datecollected</b>: Date litter bag was collected from field (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Daysleftinfield</b>: Number of days litter bag was left in the field (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Dryweightaftercollection</b>: Dry weight of litter after collection from the field (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Notes</b>: Field observations affecting results (Field type: Comments)</li></ul><br></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2012-05-27 to 2012-07-16</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6353 to 4.7520</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9635 to 117.5855</p>
Leaf litter decomposition in old-growth and selectively logged forest
<p><strong>Description: </strong></p> <p>In a multifactorial experiment we investigated the consequences of selective logging for decomposition and nutrient cycling in Southeast Asia by testing the effects of chemical composition of leaf litter and site factors on leaf litter mass loss. Litterbags were used to estimate decomposition over a period of 24 weeks, litterbags were collected 2, 4, 6, 8, 13, 24 weeks after the start of the experiment.</p> <p><strong>Project: </strong>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/124"><strong>Biodiversity and land-use impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI): Quantifying biogeochemistry across forest disturbance gradients in Sabah</strong></a></p> <p><strong>Funding: </strong>These data were collected as part of research funded by:</p> <ul> <li>NERC (Standard grant, NE/K016253/1)</li> </ul> <p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Permits: </strong>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p> <ul> <li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2(383))</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>XML metadata: </strong>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3247639">here</a></p> <p><strong>Files: </strong>This consists of 1 file: Both_litter_decomposition_experiment.xlsx</p> <p><strong>Both_litter_decomposition_experiment.xlsx</strong></p> <p>This file contains dataset metadata and 3 data tables:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>chemical_composition_start</strong> (described in worksheet chemical_composition_start)</p> <p>Description: Chemical properties from the two leaf litter types before the experiment</p> <p>Number of fields: 19</p> <p>Number of data rows: 10</p> <p>Fields:</p> <ul> <li><strong>replicate</strong>: Replicate number (Field type: Replicate)</li> <li><strong>litter_type</strong>: Litter type (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>P_mg.g</strong>: Phosporus concentration in mg per g dry weight of leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>N_perc</strong>: Nitrogen concentration in % of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>C_perc</strong>: Carbon concentration in % of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>C.N</strong>: Carbon nitrogen ratio of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>P_perc</strong>: Phosporus concentration in % of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>C.P</strong>: Carbon phosporus ratio of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>N.P</strong>: Nitrogen phosporus ratio of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Ca_mg.g</strong>: Calcium concentration in mg per g dry weight of leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Mg_mg.g</strong>: Magnesium concentration in mg per g dry weight of leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Al_mg.g</strong>: Aluminium concentration in mg per g dry weight of leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>K_mg.g</strong>: Potassium concentration in mg per g dry weight of leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>soluble_cell_content</strong>: Soluble cell content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>nonsoluble_cell_content</strong>: Non-soluble cell content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>hemicellulose_bound_proteins</strong>: Hemicellulose and bound proteins content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>cellulose_lignin_recalcitrants</strong>: Soluble cell content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>cellulose</strong>: Cellulose content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>lignin_recalcitrants</strong>: Lignin and recalcitrants content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>chemical_composition_end</strong> (described in worksheet chemical_composition_end)</p> <p>Description: Chemical properties from individual leaf litter bags at the end of the experiment</p> <p>Number of fields: 18</p> <p>Number of data rows: 64</p> <p>Fields:</p> <ul> <li><strong>code</strong>: Identifyer for each leaf litter bag, coding for location-plotname-subplot pair-leaf litter type-mesh size-replicate (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>location</strong>: Location of experimental plots (M: Maliau; S: SAFE) (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>location_name</strong>: Plot name (Field type: Location)</li> <li><strong>plot</strong>: Running number of experimental plots (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>pair</strong>: Each plot contains two experimental units (making up a pair) (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>replicate</strong>: Each pair contained two replicates of the same treatment (litter type x mesh size) (Field type: replicate)</li> <li><strong>litter_type</strong>: Litter type (Field type: Categorical)</li> <li><strong>mesh</strong>: Mesh size of the litter bags (Field type: Categorical)</li> <li><strong>P_mg.g</strong>: Phosporus concentration in mg per g dry weight of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>K_mg.g</strong>: Potassium concentration in mg per g dry weight of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Ca_mg.g</strong>: Calcium concentration in mg per g dry weight of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Mg_mg.g</strong>: Magnesium concentration in mg per g dry weight of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Al_mg.g</strong>: Aluminium concentration in mg per g dry weight of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>N_perc</strong>: Nitrogen concentration in % of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>C_perc</strong>: Carbon concentration in % of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>C.N</strong>: Carbon nitrogen ratio of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>cellulose</strong>: Cellulose concentration in % of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>lignin_recalcitrants</strong>: Lignin and recalcitrants concentration in % of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>litterbags_massloss</strong> (described in worksheet litterbags_massloss)</p> <p>Description: Mass loss of litter in litterbags over the experimental period of 24 weeks</p> <p>Number of fields: 17</p> <p>Number of data rows: 128</p> <p>Fields:</p> <ul> <li><strong>code</strong>: Identifyer for each leaf litter bag, coding for location-plotname-subplot pair-leaf litter type-mesh size-replicate (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>location</strong>: Location of experimental plots (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>plotname</strong>: Plot name (Field type: Location)</li> <li><strong>plot</strong>: Running number of experimental plots (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>pair</strong>: Each plot contains two experimental units (making up a pair) (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>replicate</strong>: Each pair contained two replicates of the same treatment (litter type x mesh size) (Field type: Replicate)</li> <li><strong>litter_type</strong>: Litter type (Field type: Categorical)</li> <li><strong>mesh</strong>: Mesh size of the litter bags (Field type: Categorical)</li> <li><strong>weight_t0</strong>: Initial weight at the beginning of the experiment, around 10 g per litter bag (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t1</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 2 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t2</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 4 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t3</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 6 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t4</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 8 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t5</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 13 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t6</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 24 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>t6_corrected</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 24 weeks, corrected for contaminating material, mostly ingrown plant roots and fungal hyphae. This is the data to use. (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>mass_loss_%</strong>: Mass loss at the end of the experiment compared to the start of the experiment, in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p><strong>Date range: </strong>2014-05-01 to 2018-09-01</p> <p><strong>Latitudinal extent: </strong>4.5000 to 5.0700</p> <p><strong>Longitudinal extent: </strong>116.7500 to 117.8200</p>
No home-field advantage in litter decomposition from the desert to temperate forest
<p>1. Litter decomposition rates are determined by the interplay of climate, decomposer organisms and litter quality. It has been suggested that the decomposer community may be locally adapted to litter quality, providing a home-field advantage (HFA) resulting in accelerated decomposition of local compared to non-local litter, after accounting for decomposition differences due to litter quality and the functional capacity of microorganisms. Although widely tested in forests, this hypothesis remains controversial and lacks a general support of its generality across climates.</p> <p>2. We therefore tested the HFA hypothesis for litter decomposition in four contrasting ecosystems along an extensive climatic gradient in Chile, using a translocation experiment involving litter from 20 species. In addition to comparing mass loss, we adopted a novel way to disentangle decomposer effects from climate effects, based on loss rates of elements that are actively released from the litter by decomposers during its breakdown vs. elements that are simply leached by precipitation. We used the ratios of nitrogen and potassium losses (N/K loss) and phosphorus and potassium losses (P/K loss) to unravel the relative role of microbial breakdown (N and P loss) vs. physical leaching (K loss) along the climate gradient. Thus, at each site, we tested whether litter mass loss, N/K loss and P/K loss presented an additional loss due to a HFA for local compared to non-local litter.</p> <p>3. Across a wide range of environments and 20 different litter types, our findings unequivocally contradicted the HFA hypothesis. We observed no significantly positive HFA along the gradient, however litter quality and the general ability of the decomposer community influenced litter decomposition much more strongly than origin or location of the litter.</p> <p>4. Our study questions the applicability of the HFA for litter decomposition and calls for more studies that include a large range of climatic conditions to understand the context-dependency of HFA.</p>
Soil, litter and vegetation carbon for the 6 simulations performed in CLM5 of "Chemistry-albedo feedbacks offset up to a third of forestation's CO2 removal benef"
<p>Soil, litter and vegetation carbon for the 6 simulations performed in CLM5 (Table S1) of "Chemistry-albedo feedbacks from reforestation reduce climate benefits and crop yields"</p> <p>i.clm5.global_MF_SSP1.h1.2015-2100_zip.nc - SSP126_MF_Land</p> <p>i.clm5.global_SSP1_nolulcc.clm2.h1.2015-2100_zip.nc - SSP126_2015_Land </p> <p>i.clm5.global_SSP1.h1.2015-2100_zip.nc - SSP126_Land</p> <p>i.clm5.global_MF_SSP3.02.h1.2015-2100_zip.nc - SSP370_MF_Land</p> <p>i.clm5.global_SSP3.02.h1.2015-2100_zip.nc - SSP370_Land</p> <p>i.clm5.global_SSP3_nolulcc.clm2.h1.2015-2100_zip.nc - SSP370_2015_Land</p> <p> </p> <p>These simulations were performed by Dr James King, University of Sheffield.</p> <p> </p>
Soil nutrient dissimilarity and litter nutrient limitation as major drivers of home field advantage in riparian tropical forests
<p><span>Decomposition is a key process driving carbon and nutrient cycling in ecosystems worldwide. The home field advantage effect (HFA) has been found to accelerate decomposition rates when litter originates from "home" when compared to other ("away") sites. It is still poorly known how HFA plays out in tropical, riparian forests, particularly in forests under restoration. We carried out three independent reciprocal litter transplant experiments to test how litter quality, soil nutrient concentrations and successional stage (age) influenced HFA in tropical riparian forests. These experimental areas formed a wide gradient of soil and litter nutrients, which we used to evaluate the more general hypothesis that HFA varies with dissimilarity in soil nutrients and litter quality. We found that HFA increased with soil nutrient dissimilarity, suggesting that litter translocation uncouples relationships between decomposers and litter characteristics; and with litter N:P, indicating P limitation in this system. We also found negative HFA effects at a site under restoration that presented low decomposer ability, suggesting that forest restoration does not necessarily recover decomposer communities and nutrient cycling. Within each of the independent experiments, the occurrence of HFA effects was limited and their magnitude was not related to forest age, nor soil and litter quality. Our results imply that HFA effects in tropical ecosystems are influenced by litter nutrient limitation and soil nutrient dissimilarity between home and away sites, but to further disentangle major HFA drivers in tropical areas, a gradient of dissimilarity between litter and soil properties must be implemented in future experimental designs.</span></p>
Data from: Litter quality controls tradeoffs in soil carbon decomposition and replenishment in a subtropical forest
<p><span>Species-rich forests can produce litter of varying carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) composition (<em>i.e</em>., quality), which can affect decomposition and play a central role in long-term soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. However, how differences in litter quality affect SOC decomposition and formation remains unclear over the full litter decomposition trajectory. </span></p> <p><span>We followed the <em>in-situ</em> complete decomposition of added <sup>13</sup>C-labelled high- (low C:N) and low-quality (high C:N) leaf-litter and its effect on particulate (POM) and mineral-associated (MAOM) organic matter fractions over two years in a natural subtropical forest.</span></p> <p><span>We found that during early stages of decomposition</span><span>, low-quality litter inputs decreased SOC via a positive priming effect (i.e., new C inputs favored decomposition of native SOC), but these SOC losses were offset by SOC gains observed via a negative priming effect during decomposition of high-quality litter. In contrast, this pattern reversed during </span><span>late</span><span> stages of decomposition</span><span>—SOC losses via a positive priming effect induced by </span><span>high-quality litter were offset by SOC gains via a negative priming effect induced by low-quality litter. </span><span>Over the full decomposition of litter, b</span><span>oth high- and low-quality litter stimulated</span><span> microbial breakdown of SOC tied to POM,</span><span> but </span><span>also replenished more persistent SOC that associated with soil minerals (MAOM).</span><span> Altogether, we observed</span><span> that low-quality litter formed twice as much new SOC as high-quality litter (24% vs. 12% of added litter-C). We extend the notion of the priming effect </span><span>from primarily a negative role promoting losses of native SOC, to a functional role that can replenish persistent SOC.</span> </p> <p><strong><em><span>Synthesis</span></em></strong><span><strong><em>.</em></strong> Our measurements</span><span> raise the possibility that, in species-rich forests, high- and low-quality litter decomposition play opposite but dynamically complementary roles in renewing POM—both by inducing its decomposition and formation—while exclusively favoring MAOM formation, which can help explain how differences in litter quality favor SOC accumulation and persistence. Global change factors that shift plant community composition may ultimately affect the fate of soil C, as changes in litter quality may force soil transitions </span><span>from sinks to sources or sources to sinks of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>.</span></p>
Data from: Soil moisture mediates the effect of plant belowground carbon allocation on the decomposition of root litter in a subtropical forest
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Data from: Influence of bracken fronds and leaf litter management on soil seed bank characteristics in a fire-disturbed tropical montane forest
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Data from: Litter quality controls tradeoffs in soil carbon decomposition and replenishment in a subtropical forest
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Data from: Intraspecific leaf trait variation mediates edge effects on litter decomposition rate in fragmented forests
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Data from: Leaf litter decomposition in tropical freshwater swamp forests is slower in swamp than non-swamp conditions
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Accumulation of sodium and manganese during litter decomposition of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) forest in China
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Data from: Chronic phosphorus enrichment and elevated pH suppresses Quercus spp. leaf litter decomposition in a temperate forest
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Data from: UV radiation doubles microbial degradation of standing litter in a subtropical forest
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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