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1,007 results for “forest tree”
Concentration and Age of Nonstructural Carbon Reserves in Two Trees at Harvard Forest 2012
We know surprisingly little about whole-tree nonstructural carbon (NSC; primarily sugars and starch) budgets. Even less well understood is the mixing between recent photosynthetic assimilates (new NSC) and previously stored reserves. And, NSC turnover times are poorly constrained. We characterized the distribution of NSC in the stemwood, branches, and roots of two temperate trees, and we used the continuous label offered by the radiocarbon (14C) bomb spike to estimate the mean age of NSC in different tissues. NSC in branches and outermost stemwood growth rings had the 14C signature of the current growing season. However, NSC in older above- and below-ground tissues was enriched in 14C, indicating that it was produced from older assimilates. Radial patterns of 14C in stemwood NSC showed strong mixing of NSC across the youngest growth rings, with limited.
Estimating Forest Productivity Using Carbon Isotopes in Tree Rings at Harvard Forest 1992-2010
We investigated relationships between tree-ring δ13C and growth, and flux tower estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) at Harvard Forest from 1992 to 2010. Seasonal variations of derived photosynthetic isotope discrimination (Δ13C) and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) showed significant increasing trends for the dominant deciduous and coniferous species. Δ13C was positively correlated to growing-season GPP and is primarily controlled by precipitation and soil moisture indicating that site conditions maintained high stomatal conductance under increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. Increasing Δ13C over the 1992-2010 period is attributed to increasing annual and summer water availability identified at Harvard Forest and across the region. Higher Δ13C is coincident with an enhancement in growth and ecosystem-level net carbon uptake. This work suggests that tree-ring δ13C could serve as a measure of forest GPP and be used to improve the calibration and predictive skill of ecosystem and carbon cycle models.
Functional Traits of Selected Tree Species in Harvard Forest, New Hampshire, and Southern Quebec 2015
Increasing evidence suggests that species' phenological responses may predict their performance with warming, but this work has generally ignored whether phenology is correlated with other traits known to drive plant performance. This is perhaps surprising given that interest in functional traits has also increased in recent decades, yet within the functional traits literature there has been an equally limited consideration of phenology, perhaps because robustly estimating it is time-intensive, and simple field estimates will show extreme variation across sites of different latitudes and climate regimes. Here we collected a suite of trait data on the same species for which we collected phenological data (see related dataset HF314, Leaf and Flower Phenology of Woody Plant Species at Harvard Forest and Southern Quebec 2015) to help address this gap. We focused on populations of trees in temperate forests in the Northeast face, which face different environmental conditions across their ranges. This project measured functional traits of trees at two to four sites, to provide a foundation for studies on the relationship between range shift, phenology, and functional traits.
Tree-Associated Fungal and Bacterial Communities at Harvard Forest 2021
Cities are investing in tree-planting initiatives to protect their citizens from climate change-related heat and pollution exposure, yet Boston’s street trees are growing nearly four times as fast and dying twice as young as Massachusetts’ rural forest trees. Our research aims to characterize the belowground variables and microbial community composition that might explain the differences in growth and mortality rates observed between urban and rural trees. In 2021, soil, leaf, and root samples were taken from 25 trees in Harvard Forest to use as a rural comparison to Boston’s street trees and trees in other forests along an urban-to-rural gradient from Boston into Western Massachusetts. At each tree, three 12” deep, 2.4-centimeter radius soil cores were taken within the drip line, and soil cores were divided into the top 6” and lower 6” of soil. Fine roots were picked from each soil core. Six leaf samples were taken from the mid-canopy of each tree, where possible. Soil variables including temperature, moisture, percent organic matter, soluble nitrogen availability, bulk density, and root biomass were measured. Thus far, we have found that urban trees have fewer roots than Harvard Forest trees (F1,252) = 10.88, p = 0.0011), and that urban trees establish more root biomass deeper into the soil than Harvard Forest trees (p = 4.84e-5).
Tree Mast Production in Pinyon-Juniper-Oak Forests at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
The purpose of this study is to monitor the fruit production of three common woody tree species that occur on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in New Mexico. We estimate fruit production of two monoecious species, Pinus edulis (pinon pine) and Quercus turbinella (Sonoran scrub oak) and one dioecious species, Juniperus monosperma (one-seed juniper). During August – November, we estimate fruit production for these three species at up to six sites within the Sevilleta NWR. Different protocols are used for each species (see Methods). In addition, the age and/or size of each individual tree was assessed at the beginning of the study, excepting in one site (WM) where fruit counts occurred at the plot, rather than individual tree, scale. For P. edulis and J. monosperma, trees wre binned into categories of young, medium, old, or very old trees. For Q. turbinella, we estimate canopy surface area in m 2
Presence observations for six tree species prioritized for forest landscape restoration in Ethiopia
<p><strong>Description:</strong></p><p>Geolocations of presence occurrences for a selection of six species (<i>Cordia africana</i>, <i>Croton macrostachyus</i>, <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i>, <i>Faidherbia albida</i>, <i>Grevillea robusta</i>, <i>Juniperus procera</i>) sourced from databases (GBIF, RAINBIO) and from the scientific literature.</p><p>Each record is associated with a DOI, link, or citation to the original source of the data. Observations were filtered using the R package <i>CoordinatesCleaner</i> (Zizka <i>et al</i>. 2019) with the <i>clean_coordinates </i>function to filter for errors that are common to biological collections.</p><p>The breakdown of the number of observations by species is: <i>Cordia africana</i> (84); <i>Croton macrostachyus</i> (129); <i>Eucalyptus globulus (</i>20); <i>Faidherbia albida </i>(31); <i>Grevillea robusta </i>(350); <i>Juniperus procera </i>(115).</p>
AVP-LAUT – Tree diameter data collected with Apple Vision Pro from Austrian forest Inventory plots
<p>This dataset consists of three zip archives containing valuable visual and measurement data related to tree assessments conducted using the Apple Vision Pro (AVP) technology. The first zip archive, <strong>images.zip</strong>, includes images taken in the forest, presented in .PNG and .JPG formats. These images capture various aspects of the study area and the measurement process.</p> <p>The second archive, <strong>videos_app_HR.zip</strong>, features videos recorded with the AVP using the "Handsruler" app, which focuses on measuring diameter at breast height (dbh) at 22 designated sample plots. Each video file is labeled with a numeric identifier that corresponds to the specific sample plot number, allowing for easy reference and organization.</p> <p>The third archive, <strong>videos_app_TM.zip</strong>, contains videos from the "Tape Measure" app, documenting dbh measurements taken at 17 sample plots. Similar to the previous videos, the file names indicate the respective sample plot numbers.</p> <p>In addition to the visual data, the dataset includes a comma-separated values (CSV) file named <strong>information_all_trees.csv</strong>, which consolidates all reference data regarding individual trees and sample plots. Each row in this file represents a single tree and includes several columns, each providing specific details about the measurements and observations.</p> <p>The column headers in <strong>information_all_trees.csv</strong> are as follows:</p> <ul> <li><strong>PLOT_ID</strong>: The numeric identifier for each sample plot.</li> <li><strong>tree_species_short</strong>: Abbreviation of the tree species.</li> <li><strong>caliper_dbh</strong>: The manually measured dbh of the tree in centimeters.</li> <li><strong>AVP_App1_dbh</strong>: The dbh measurement obtained from the AVP app "Handsruler" in centimeters.</li> <li><strong>AVP_App2_dbh</strong>: The dbh measurement obtained from the AVP app "Tape Measure" in centimeters.</li> <li><strong>res_App1</strong>: The difference between the dbh measured by the "Handsruler" app (AVP_App1_dbh) and the manual measurement (caliper_dbh), expressed in centimeters.</li> <li><strong>res_App2</strong>: The difference between the dbh measured by the "Tape Measure" app (AVP_App2_dbh) and the manual measurement (caliper_dbh), expressed in centimeters.</li> <li><strong>tree_species</strong>: The Latin name of the tree species, with genus and species connected by an "_".</li> <li><strong>tree_class</strong>: Classification of the tree into a species-specific category.</li> <li><strong>date</strong>: The date of the recordings.</li> <li><strong>time_App_1_min</strong>: The duration of all dbh measurements at the entire sample plot using the "Handsruler" app, in minutes.</li> <li><strong>time_App_2_min</strong>: The duration of all dbh measurements at the entire sample plot using the "Tape Measure" app, in minutes.</li> <li><strong>time_manual_caliper_min</strong>: The duration of all dbh measurements at the entire sample plot conducted manually, in minutes.</li> <li><strong>measuring_person</strong>: The individual field worker for conducting all dbh measurements (manual and both AVP apps) at the sample plot.</li> <li><strong>mean_slope_degrees</strong>: The average slope of the terrain across the sample plot, expressed in degrees.</li> </ul> <p>This comprehensive dataset provides essential insights into the effectiveness of the AVP technology for measuring tree dimensions and contributes to ongoing research in forest management and ecological studies. The included videos and images serve as a visual reference for the measurement processes, while the CSV file encapsulates the quantitative data necessary for analysis. Each row in the CSV file represents a single tree, facilitating detailed examinations of individual measurements and comparisons across different sample plots.</p>
Long-term (1935-2019) tree population data from remeasurements of a large network of permanent study plots in old-growth forest, Dukes Research Natural Area, Marquette Co., MI, USA
The Dukes Research Natural Area (Hiawatha National Forest, Marquette Co., MI) amounts to ca. 100 ha of minimally disturbed original forests, including a mix of mesic 'hemlock-northern hardwood' types and peaty wetlands dominated by several species of swamp conifers and black ash (Fraxinus nigra). The RNA hosts a regular grid of 250 0.2-acre (~0.08 ha) permanent monitoring (CFI) plots. This package includes tree censuses for subsets of CFI plots conducted in 1935, 1948, and 1974-1980, and repeated censuses with mapped stems from 1989 to 2019. This 84-year record constitutes one of the longest repeated-measurement, permanent-plot data-sets for old-growth temperate forest.
Life History Traits of Resprouting Puerto Rican Tropical Dry Forest Trees, Guánica Forest, 1981-2018
This dataset provides trait and demographic data for 44 tropical dry forest tree species from the Guánica State Forest in southwest Puerto Rico. The study area spans 4,500 ha of semi-deciduous TDF, where the sampled species represent over 90% of all individuals with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥2.5 cm. The dataset integrates ten functional traits, combining newly collected measurements (2017–2018) with previously published data (Vargas et al. 2021b). Previously published data includes xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity (ks), Huber value (hv), and hydraulic safety margin (HSM), with species-level data availability ranging from 19 to 44 species, except for HSM, which was measured for six species. Trait measurements were primarily collected during the wet season (August–November), except stomatal behaviour traits (psimax, psidv, and gsmax), which were assessed during the winter dry season before leaf fall. Demographic data encompass species-specific growth rates and annual survival rates for adult trees, derived from four permanent census plots (625 m² to 10,000 m²) distributed across the forest. These plots, established in mature upland TDF on limestone substrates with mollisol soils, were monitored between 1992 and 2019. Growth rate estimates are based on diameter increments recorded at regular censuses over 20.4–26.4 years. Survival rates were calculated over a 21-year period (1998–2019), mitigating the influence of extreme drought events. Standardised measurement protocols ensured data consistency, including repeated diameter assessments at multiple stem locations and the exclusion of wet-season measurements to prevent water-related swelling artifacts. Growth rates were derived from the regression slope of dbh against time, incorporating a minimum of two dbh measurements per individual (following Poorter et al. 2010). Annual survival rate was calculated over a 21-year timespan (1998–2019) to avoid bias introduced by an intense drought in 1997. The followin
Crown Traits of Broadleaf Deciduous Trees at NEON Forest Sites (2018-2022)
Using NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) measurements collected in 2018-2022 from nine broadleaf deciduous NEON forest sites, we quantified a broad suite of structural metrics and spectral reflectance indices for 305 tree crowns that were delineated in the field by NEON and met our data quality criteria. For each tree crown, we used 1-m^3 voxelated AOP LiDAR data to compute structural metrics, including plant area index (PAI), leaf area index (LAI), top rugosity, maximum canopy height (MAXCH), mean outer canopy height (MOCH), rumple, accumulative plant area density and accumulative LiDAR intensity at multiple tree heights. We used AOP imaging spectrometer to compute several spectral indices, including NDVI, NIRv, EVI, NDWI and chlorophyll index of red edge/green. The data are suitable for ecophysiological studies at tree crown and/or species level. The broad spatial extent allows for the exploration of variability in structure and function of common north American tree species across wide environmental gradients.
Environmental Data for Soil, Leaf, and Root samples Boston Street Trees and Massachusetts Rural and Urban Forests in Summer 2021
This dataset provides detailed environmental and tree-level data and metadata for over 850 samples collected from 91 trees across an urban-to-rural gradient in Massachusetts. The dataset captures key variables characterizing urban environmental gradients, including soil moisture, pH, temperature, and nitrogen availability. Tree-level attributes include species identification, diameter at breast height (DBH), and growth rate based on previous tree census data. Geographic coordinates and site-specific context (urban forest, rural forest, street tree, forest edge, forest interior) are included to enable spatial analyses. The microbial sequence data associated with this environmental metadata can be found in the NCBI SRA under BioProject accession number PRJNA1297772.
Data for: Can fire exclusion zones enhance postfire tree regeneration? A simulation study in subalpine conifer forests
Postfire tree regeneration in forests adapted to infrequent, stand-replacing fire is compromised by climate change and novel fire regimes. We used the individual-based forest simulation model iLand to ask whether mimicking spatial patterns of historical fire mosaics can sustain tree regeneration in a warmer future with more fire. We simulated forest and fire dynamics in Grand Teton National Park under four different climate scenarios, and with eight different scenarios (i.e. spatial configurations) of "fire exclusion zones" (Fx zones). Data were simulated for 2020 - 2100 period, and analyzed early (2026-2050) and late (2076-2100) in the simulation. Here, we present these simulated data and R-scripts to reproduce analyses presented in the associated manuscript (Keller et al. 2025, Ecological Applications). Specifically, our data deposit reproduces analyses for 1) differences in regeneration among scenarios at two different times in the simulation, 2) spatial patterns of regeneration in 2100 as a result of the operational fire exclusion zone scenario, and 3) supplemental analyses found in the appendixes.
Tree Census Data of Tropical Dry Forest Succession in Permanent Plots at Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica (1999–2004), Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS)
This data package contains tree census data from eight permanent forest plots established in 1999 across four successional sites within the tropical dry forest of Palo Verde National Park, Guanacaste, Costa Rica (10°21’N, 85°21’W). The plots were established to study forest structure, composition, and successional dynamics under different disturbance histories in the lowland dry forest ecosystem of northwestern Costa Rica. Each site represents a distinct successional stage, ranging from an early grass-dominated field (Jaragua) to an older partially disturbed remnant forest stand (Varillal). Two permanent 50×50 m plots were established at each site and subdivided into 10×10 m subplots. All woody stems with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were tagged, identified to species, and spatially referenced using X–Y coordinates within each plot. For multi-stemmed individuals, all stems meeting the diameter threshold were measured separately. Tree diameter, condition, and taxonomic identification were recorded during four measurement campaigns in 1999, 2001, 2002, and 2004. The dataset includes species identity, DBH, measurement year, individual condition, and subplot coordinates for each stem. These data provide a baseline for understanding forest regeneration, mortality, recruitment, and species composition changes in tropical dry forest succession under varying land-use histories. The dataset represents the historical component of an ongoing long-term monitoring program of forest succession conducted by the Organization for Tropical Studies at Palo Verde National Park, led, developed and supported by Eugenio González since its establishment in 1999.
Repeat photography of tidal fresh forest trees along the salinity gradient of the Altamaha River, GA
We established a transect of 42 stations for repeat photography of tidal fresh forest trees along the salinity gradient of the Altamaha River estuary. Target trees are located approximately every km on both the north and south banks, beginning at km 20 (with 0 at the mouth of the estuary) up to km 41, for a total of 21 km. We used a small boat to travel to each station and take digital photographs of target trees facing the river in Nov 2017, Feb, May, Aug of 2018. In Oct 2018 we extended the transect an additional 5 km downstream so that it now starts at km 16, with 5 more stations on the north bank and 5 on the south bank. All 52 stations were photographed in Oct 2018 and Oct 2019. These photos will be used to distinguish healthy, stressed and dead trees in each image and how they change over time.
Tree DBH response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in the MELNHE study, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Bartlett Experimental Forest, and Jeffers Brook
The Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE) project studies N and P acquisition and limitation of forest productivity through a series of nutrient manipulations in northern hardwood forests. This data set includes tree diameters at breast height (DBH) collected pre-treatment (2008, 2009, and 2010), and post-treatment (2011, 2015, 2019, and 2023). Additional detail on the MELNHE project, including a datatable of site descriptions and a pdf file with the project description and diagram of plot configuration can be found in this data package: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=344 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. None
Tree Seed Data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1993 - ongoing
Tree seeds sorted and counted from long-term reference area litter traps are presented for 1993 until the present. These data are part of the LTER funded quantification of tree annual productivity. Our focal species for seed counts have been sugar maple, American beech and white ash. This data set allows comparison between seed production in reference sites (BB and TF) and the calcium addition watershed (W1) for these species. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Physical and chemical properties of soils on Watershed 5 of Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, before and after whole-tree harvest
We sampled soils on watershed 5 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in 1983, prior to a whole-tree harvest conducted in the winter of 1983-84. We resampled in 1986, 1991, and 1998. All sampling was performed using a quantitative soil pit method. Samples of the combined Oi and Oe horizons; the Oa horizon; 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and >20 cm layers of mineral soil; and the C horizon were collected. Grab samples of pedogenic mineral horizons were also taken from the sides of a subset of pits in each year. Here we report soil chemistry, mass of soil, percent rock, bulk density, and organic matter. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Relations of the O-horizon with canopy tree species and hydropedologic soil types, 2021
As the interface between plants and soil, the organic horizon is the foundation of forest ecosystems. Two potential predictors of O-layer properties, vegetation and mineral soil type, are difficult to separate because they typically covary. We conducted a factorial study involving four canopy tree species and two soil types with distinctly different hydrology and topographic position to parse patterns in chemistry and microbiota of the O-layer in a north-temperate deciduous forest. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 1 Tree Inventory, 1996 - ongoing
In order to evaluate the role of Ca supply in regulating the structure and function of base-poor forest and aquatic ecosystems, the Ca content of soil was increased through the application of wollastonite (CaSiO3) in October 1999. The watershed is forested by typical northern hardwood species (sugar maple, beech and yellow birch) on the lower 90 % of its area, and by a montane boreal transition forest of red spruce, balsam fir and white birch on the highest 10%. Forest inventory surveys were initiated in 1996 and repeated at 5 year intervals. This data set includes 2016 inventory measurements. The data consists of a total inventory of all trees ≥10 cm diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) on the whole of the watershed (11.8 ha), as measured in each of the 200 25 m x 25 m plots. Trees ≥ 2 to ≤10 cm dbh were subsampled using a 3 meter wide strip along one edge of each 25 m x 25 m plot. With the addition of tree tags in 2006 on all trees ≥10 cm dbh, tracking of individual trees is now possible nd trees that grow into the ≥10 cm dbh size class are tagged each survey. The data consist of the diameters (dbh) of all the trees ≥10 cm dbh, live and dead, in the whole of the watershed (about 9000 individual stems) and an additional 3000-4000 saplings. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 5 Tree Inventory, 1982 - ongoing
A whole-tree harvest was conducted during the dormant season of 1983-1984 in order to assess ecosystem response to whole-tree logging operations. Pre-harvest forest inventory surveys were conducted in 1982 on the whole of the watershed. Post-harvest surveys were conducted in 1990, 1994 and every 5 years thereafter. This data set includes data for 1982 – 2019 surveys. The hydrology has been monitored since 1962 and stream water chemistry monitored since 1963. In 1982, before the clearcut, the watershed was forested by typical northern hardwood species (sugar maple, beech and yellow birch) on the lower 85 % of its area and by a montane boreal transition forest of red spruce, balsam fir and white birch on the highest 15%. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.