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74 results for “gastrointestinal nematodes”
FIGURES 29–44. Hughjonestrongylus pervulgatus n in Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys platyops (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) and a key to the species of Hughjonestrongylus
FIGURES 29–44. Hughjonestrongylus pervulgatus n. sp. In all illustrations of the synlophe in transverse section the dorsal aspect of the body is oriented towards the top of the page and the left side of the nematode to the left of the page. The dorsal and ventral (numbers with superscripts) ridges are numbered. 29. Female anterior end, lateral view; 30. Male cephalic end lateral view, showing synlophe ridges; 31. Female transverse section anterior body; 32. Male transverse section, anterior body; 33. Spicule tips; 34. Genital cone, dorsal view; 35. Female transverse section, mid body; 36. Male transverse section, mid body; 37. Female posterior end lateral view, showing ovejector; 38. Female, posterior end ventral view showing plug of cement-like material; 39. Female transverse section, posterior body; 40. Male transverse section, posterior body; 41. Bursa, left lateral lobe, rays numbered; 42. Dorsal ray; 43. Gubernaculum an spicule tips, dorsal view; 44. Bursa, right lateral lobe. Scale bars in µm: 29, 38, 100; 30–36, 39–44, 25; 37, 50.
Data from: Genome-wide association and genome partitioning reveal novel genomic regions underlying variation in gastrointestinal nematode burden in a wild bird
Identifying the genetic architecture underlying complex phenotypes is a notoriously difficult problem that often impedes progress in understanding adaptive eco-evolutionary processes in natural populations. Host–parasite interactions are fundamentally important drivers of evolutionary processes, but a lack of understanding of the genes involved in the host's response to chronic parasite insult makes it particularly difficult to understand the mechanisms of host life history trade-offs and the adaptive dynamics involved. Here, we examine the genetic basis of gastrointestinal nematode (Trichostrongylus tenuis) burden in 695 red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica) individuals genotyped at 384 genome-wide SNPs. We first use genome-wide association to identify individual SNPs associated with nematode burden. We then partition genome-wide heritability to identify chromosomes with greater heritability than expected from gene content, due to harbouring a multitude of additive SNPs with individually undetectable effects. We identified five SNPs on five chromosomes that accounted for differences of up to 556 worms per bird, but together explained at best 4.9% of the phenotypic variance. These SNPs were closely linked to genes representing a range of physiological processes including the immune system, protein degradation and energy metabolism. Genome partitioning indicated genome-wide heritability of up to 29% and three chromosomes with excess heritability of up to 4.3% (total 8.9%). These results implicate SNPs and novel genomic regions underlying nematode burden in this system and suggest that this phenotype is somewhere between being based on few large-effect genes (oligogenic) and based on a large number of genes with small individual but large combined effects (polygenic).
FIGURES 117–132. Parasabanema szalayi n. gen., n in Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Helligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida)
FIGURES 117–132. Parasabanema szalayi n. gen., n. sp. 117. male, anterior end, lateral view; 118. male, transverse section, anterior body; 119. female, transverse section, anterior body; 120. male, transverse section, mid body; 121. female, transverse section, mid body; 122. gubernaculum, lateral view; 123. male, anterior end showing synlophe ridges; 124. male, transverse section, posterior body; 125. spicules, proximal ends; 126. female, transverse section, posterior body; 127. female, posterior end, lateral view; 128. bursa, left lateral lobe; 129. spicules, distal tips; 130. genital cone, lateral view; 131. ovejector, lateral view; 132. bursa, flattened out. Scales are in m.
FIGURES 66–81. Paraheligmonelloides amplicaudae n in Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Helligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida)
FIGURES 66–81. Paraheligmonelloides amplicaudae n. sp. 66. female, anterior end, showing synlophe ridges; 67. female, anterior end, lateral view; 68. male, transverse section, anterior body; 69. female, transverse section, anterior body; 70. male, transverse section, anterior body; 71. female, transverse section, mid body; 72. male, transverse section, posterior body; 73. female, posterior end ventral view; 74. spicule, proximal end; 75. genital cone, lateral view; 76. female, transverse section, posterior body; 77. gubernaculum, lateral view; 78. spicule tips, distal end 79. female, posterior end lateral view; 80. bursa, flattened out 81. bursa, dorsal view, lateral lobes curled in. Scales are in µm.
FIGURES 20– 37. Mawsonema mokwanensis n. gen., n in Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Helligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida)
FIGURES 20– 37. Mawsonema mokwanensis n. gen., n. sp. 20. female, anterior end showing synlophe ridges; 21. male, transverse section, anterior body; 22. male anterior end, lateral view; 23. female, transverse section anterior body; 24. male, transverse section, mid body; 26. spicules, proximal ends; 26. genital cone, dorsal view; 27. female, transverse section, mid body; 28. male, transverse section, posterior body; 29. spicules, distal tips; 30. gubernaculum, lateral view; 31. genital cone, ventral view; 32. bursa, partially unfolded; 33. female, transverse section, posterior body; 34. dorsal ray; 35. female posterior end, showing ovejector and ridges of synlophe on praepuce. 36. female tail tip, lateral view. 37. bursa, ventral rays. Scales are in m.
FIGURES 8– 19. Nippostrongylinae Species 3. 8 in Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Helligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida)
FIGURES 8– 19. Nippostrongylinae Species 3. 8. male, anterior end; 9. female, transverse section, anterior body; 10. male, anterior end showing synlophe ridges; 11. dorsal ray; 12. female transverse section, mid body; 13. female transverse section, posterior body; 14. genital cone, lateral view; 15. gubernaculum, lateral view; 16. genital cone, dorsal view; 17. female posterior end, lateral view; 18. spicules, proximal ends; 19. spicules, distal tips. Abbreviations, d— dorsal; l—left; r—right; v—ventral. Scales are in m.
FIGURES 51–65. Montistrongylus ignati n. gen., n in Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Helligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida)
FIGURES 51–65. Montistrongylus ignati n. gen., n. sp. 51. male, transverse section, anterior body; 52. female, transverse section, anterior body; 53. male, anterior end lateral view; 54. male, transverse section, mid body; 55. female, transverse section, mid body; 56. male, transverse section, posterior body; 57. female, transverse section, posterior body; 58. male, anterior end showing beginnings of synlophe ridges; 59. genital cone, ventral view; 60. genital cone, lateral view; 61. gubernaculum, lateral view; 62. spicules, distal tips; 63. dorsal ray; 64. female, posterior end, lateral view; 65. bursa, flattened out. Scales are in m.
FIGURES 100–116. Paraheligmonelloides singauwaensis Smales, 2009. 100 in Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Helligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida)
FIGURES 100–116. Paraheligmonelloides singauwaensis Smales, 2009. 100. male, anterior end, lateral view; 101. male, anterior end showing synlophe ridges; 102. male, transverse section, anterior body; 103. female, transverse section, anterior body; 104. male, transverse section, mid body; 105. female, transverse section, mid body; 106. male, transverse section, posterior body; 107. female, transverse section, posterior body; 108. spicule tips; 109. gubernaculum, lateral view; 110. female, posterior end, lateral view; 111. genital cone, ventral view; 112. genital cone, lateral view; 113. dorsal ray; 114. ovejector, lateral view; 115. bursa, left lateral lobe; 116. bursa, right lateral lobe. Scales are in m.
FIGURES 1–7. Nippostrongylinae Species 1. 1 in Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Helligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida)
FIGURES 1–7. Nippostrongylinae Species 1. 1. female posterior end showing torsion; 2. ovejector. Nippostrongylinae Species 2. 3. male, anterior end lateral view; 4. male, anterior end showing synlophe ridges; 5. genital cone, lateral view; 6. bursa, left lateral view. 7. female, posterior end, lateral view showing ovejector. Scales are in m.
FIGURES 38–50. Melomystrongylus somoroensis n in Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Helligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida)
FIGURES 38–50. Melomystrongylus somoroensis n. sp. 38. male, transverse section, anterior body; 39. cephalic vesicle, lateral view; 40. female, transverse section, anterior body; 41. female, anterior end showing synlophe ridges; 42. male, transverse section, mid body; 43. gubernaculum, lateral view; 44. female, transverse section, posterior end of mid body; 45. spicules, distal tips; 46. male, transverse section, posterior body. 47. genital cone, lateral view; 48. ovejector; 49. bursa, flattened out; 50. female, posterior end lateral view. Scales are in m.
FIGURES 133–147. Paraustrostrongylus paramelomysi n in Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Helligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida)
FIGURES 133–147. Paraustrostrongylus paramelomysi n. sp. 133. male, transverse section, anterior body; 134. spicules, proximal ends; 135. male, cervical vesicle, lateral view; 136. male, anterior end, lateral view; 137. male, transverse section, mid body; 138. spicules, distal tips; 139. female, transverse section, anterior body; 140. genital cone, lateral view; 141. male, transverse section, posterior body; 142. female, transverse section, mid body; 143. genital cone, ventral view; 144. dorsal ray; 145. female, posterior end, lateral view; 146. bursa, flattened out; 147. ovejector, lateral view. Scales are in m.
FIGURES 82–99. Paraheligmonelloides ennisae n in Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Helligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida)
FIGURES 82–99. Paraheligmonelloides ennisae n. sp. 82. male, anterior end showing synlophe ridges; 83. male, transverse section, anterior body; 84. female, transverse section, anterior body; 85. spicules, proximal ends; 86. male, transverse section, mid body; 87. female, transverse section, mid body; 88. male, anterior end, lateral view; 89. male, transverse section, posterior body; 90. female, transverse section, posterior body; 91. female, tail tip; 92. genital cone, ventral view; 93. spicule tip and gubernaculum; 94. genital cone, lateral view; 95. dorsal ray; 96. female, posterior end showing torsion; 97. ovejector, lateral view; 98. bursa, left lateral view; 99. bursa, ventral view. Scales are in m.
FIGURE 10 in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Laudakia nupta nupta (Sauria: Agamidae) from Iran with Descriptions of Two New Species (Oxyuridea: Pharyngodonidae) and comments on the diagnostic features of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros
FIGURE 10. Thelandros popovi. Male: A. General lateral view; B. En face view; C. Anterior end; D. Posterior end, ventral view; E. Posteri
FIGURE 9 in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Laudakia nupta nupta (Sauria: Agamidae) from Iran with Descriptions of Two New Species (Oxyuridea: Pharyngodonidae) and comments on the diagnostic features of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros
FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of Thelandros agama. A. Cephalic end of male showing four cephalic papillae, arrows indicate amphids; B. Caudal region of male; C. Cephalic end of female; D. Tail of female; E. Detail of female cephalic lip with amphid; F. Ventral view of prevulvar extremity. Scale bars = 5 µm (E), 12 (A. C), 20 (B), 40 (D), 100 (F).
FIGURE 8 in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Laudakia nupta nupta (Sauria: Agamidae) from Iran with Descriptions of Two New Species (Oxyuridea: Pharyngodonidae) and comments on the diagnostic features of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros
FIGURE 8. Thelandros agama. Male: A. General lateral view; B. En face view; C. Anterior end; D. Posterior end, ventral view; E. Posterior end, lateral view. Female: F. General lateral view; G. En face view; H. Anterior end; I. Vulva, lateral view; J. Posterior end, lateral view; K. Egg. Scale bars = 12 µm (G), 25 (B. H), 50 (C. D. E. K), 200 (I. J), 500 (A), 1000 (F).
FIGURE 11 in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Laudakia nupta nupta (Sauria: Agamidae) from Iran with Descriptions of Two New Species (Oxyuridea: Pharyngodonidae) and comments on the diagnostic features of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros
FIGURE 11. Scanning electron micrographs of Thelandros popovi. A. Caudal region of male, arrow indicates basal plate of preanal papillae; B. Posterior region showing broad cuticular annulations; C. Apical view of the cephalic end of female; D. Ventral view of prevulvar extremities and vulva slit. Scale bars = 12 µm (A. C), 40 (D), 60 (B).
FIGURE 6 in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Laudakia nupta nupta (Sauria: Agamidae) from Iran with Descriptions of Two New Species (Oxyuridea: Pharyngodonidae) and comments on the diagnostic features of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros
FIGURE 6. Female Thelandros karkasensis sp. nov., A. General lateral view; B. En face view; C. Anterior end of body; D. Vulva, lateral view; E. Posterior end, lateral view; F. Posterior end, lateral view. Scale bars = 10 µm (B), 50 (C, E, F), 200 (D), 1000 (A).
FIGURE 2 in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Laudakia nupta nupta (Sauria: Agamidae) from Iran with Descriptions of Two New Species (Oxyuridea: Pharyngodonidae) and comments on the diagnostic features of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros
FIGURE 2. Male Parapharyngodon thulini sp. nov.: A. General lateral view; B. General ventral view; C. En face view of head; D. Anterior end of body; E. Posterior end, ventral view; F. Posterior end, lateral view. Scale bars = 10 µm (C), 50 (D. F), 100 (E), 500 (A. B).
FIGURE 5 in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Laudakia nupta nupta (Sauria: Agamidae) from Iran with Descriptions of Two New Species (Oxyuridea: Pharyngodonidae) and comments on the diagnostic features of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros
FIGURE 5. Male Thelandros karkasensis sp. nov.: A. General lateral view; B. En face view; C. Anterior end of body; D. Posterior end, ventral view; E. Posterior end, superficial lateral view; F. Posterior end, optical section. Scale bars = 25 (B), 50 (C. D. E. F), 400 (A).
FIGURE 4 in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Laudakia nupta nupta (Sauria: Agamidae) from Iran with Descriptions of Two New Species (Oxyuridea: Pharyngodonidae) and comments on the diagnostic features of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros
FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Parapharyngodon thulini sp. nov., male: A. En face view, arrows indicate amphids; B. Apical view of caudal extremity showing cloaca, three pairs of papillae and anal lip, arrow indicates last pair of papillae; C. Detail of postcloacal papillae; D. Detail of precloacal papillae; E. Genital cone with two subsurface structures. Female: F. En face view; G. Detail of cephalic extremities, arrows indicate amphids; H. Ventral view of posterior end terminating in a spike. Scale bars = 5 µm (C. D. E), 10 (A. G), 15 (F), 20 (B).
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