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927 results for “genetic study”
Genetic structure in patchy populations of a candidate foundation plant: a case study of Leymus chinensis using genetic and clonal diversity
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BIMAGES: Bivalve images for morphological analysis and genetic estimation study
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Data from: Beware of the impact of land use legacy on genetic connectivity: A case study of the long-lived perennial Primula veris
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Data from: Dispersal in a house sparrow metapopulation: an integrative case study of genetic assignment calibrated with ecological data and pedigree information
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Oenothera Section Calylophus population genetic study
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Genome–scale approach to study the genetic relatedness among Brucella melitensis strains - wgMLST schema for Brucella melitensis
<p><strong>wgMLST schema for <em>Brucella melitensis</em></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Schema creation</strong></p> <p>The wgMLST schema was created using the 60 complete genomes of <em>Brucella melitensis </em>available at <a href="https://enterobase.warwick.ac.uk/species/index/ecoli">NCBI</a>, as of January 2019, with the chewBBACA v2.0.11 suite (<a href="https://github.com/B-UMMI/chewBBACA">https://github.com/B-UMMI/chewBBACA</a>), using a training file generated by Prodigal v2.6.3 from the <em>B. melitensis</em> 16M reference genome (RefSeq Accession NC_003317 and NC_003318). For curation and validation, the wgMLST schema was further populated with 212 additional draft genomes: 157 draft genomes (downloaded from NCBI in January 2019) and 55 draft genomes assembled with<a href="https://github.com/B-UMMI/INNUca"> INNUca v3.1</a> (PRJEB30030).</p> <p>File 'Bmelitensis_wgMLST_2656_schema.tar.gz' contains the wgMLST schema formatted for chewBBACA and includes a total of 2656 loci.</p>
Experimental Data Sets for the study "Benchmarking a $(\mu+\lambda)$ Genetic Algorithm with Configurable Crossover Probability"
<p>This is the experimental result of the study "Benchmarking a (μ+λ) Genetic Algorithm with Configurable Crossover Probability". A novel (μ+λ) GA is proposed and benchmarked, in which we stochastically determine whether to apply the crossover operator either for each individual or generation with a crossover probability <span class="math-tex">\(p_c\)</span>. This data set consists of two parts:</p> <ol> <li>The results of (μ+λ) GA on 25 pseudo-Boolean problems defined in <em>IOHprofiler </em>(<a href="https://iohprofiler.github.io/">https://iohprofiler.github.io/</a>) with the following setup: <span class="math-tex">\(\mu \in \{10, 50, 100\}, \lambda \in \{1, \lceil\mu/2\rceil, \mu\}, p_c\in\{0, 0.5\}.\)</span> <ul> <li>'IOHprofiler_Problems_standard_bit_mutation.csv' --> the (μ+λ) GA with standard bit mutation.</li> <li>'IOHprofiler_Problems_fast_mutation.csv' --> the (μ+λ) GA with fast mutation.</li> </ul> </li> <li>The results of (μ+λ) GA on OneMax and LeadingOnes problems with the following setup: <span class="math-tex">\(n \in \{64,100,150,200,250,500\}, \mu \in \{2,3,5,8,10,20,30,...,100\}, \\ \lambda \in \{1, \lceil \mu/2 \rceil, \mu\}, \text{and }p_c \in \{0.1 k \mid k \in [0..9]\}\cup\{0.95\}.\)</span> <ul> <li>'OneMax_raw.csv' --> the fixed-target running time/first hitting time from 100 independent runs for target values in <span class="math-tex">\([1..n]\)</span>.</li> <li>'OneMax_summary.csv' --> the mean, median, standard deviation, some quantiles, expected running time (ERT), the number of successful runs, and the success rate from 100 independent runs for target values in <span class="math-tex">\([1..n]\)</span>.</li> <li>'LeadingOnes_raw.csv' --> the same with 'OneMax_raw.csv' for LeadingOnes.</li> <li>'LeadingOnes_summary.csv' --> the same with 'OneMax_summary.csv' for LeadingOnes.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p><strong>Contact</strong>: if you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to contact <a href="https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/furong-ye#tab-1">Furong Ye</a> or <a href="http://www-ia.lip6.fr/~doerr/">Carola Doerr</a>.</p>
An Experimental Study of Operator Choices in the (1+(λ,λ)) Genetic Algorithm
<p>This dataset contains experimental results that accompanies the same-named paper accepted to the MOTOR conference and scheduled to be published in a CCIS volume.</p> <p>The following data files are a part of this dataset, whose meaning should become clear after reading the paper:</p> <ul> <li>w1-runs.csv: the results of each of the runs, each of the configurations on the OneMax problem;</li> <li>w2-runs.csv: same for the LinInt<sub>2</sub> problem;</li> <li>w5-runs.csv: same for the LinInt<sub>5</sub> problem;</li> <li>ms-runs.csv: same for the easy random MAX-SAT instances;</li> <li>w1-stats.csv: the quartile statistics for the OneMax problem;</li> <li>w2-stats.csv: same for the LinInt<sub>2</sub> problem;</li> <li>w5-stats.csv: same for the LinInt<sub>5</sub> problem;</li> <li>ms-stats.csv: same for the easy random MAX-SAT instances;</li> <li>tunings-static.csv: the outcomes of irace for the static configurations (with fixed λ);</li> <li>tunings-dynamic.csv: the outcomes of irace for the dynamic configurations (with self-adjusting λ).</li> </ul> <p>Apart from that, the file pictures.pdf presents the contents of *-stats.csv files visually in a concide way.</p>
Data from: Genome duplication effects on functional traits and fitness are genetic context and species dependent: studies of synthetic polyploid Fragaria
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Divergence in functional traits and adaptive responses to environmental change underlies the ecological advantage of polyploid plants in the wild. While established polyploids may benefit from combined outcomes of genome doubling, hybridization and polyploidy-enabled adaptive evolution, it remains less clear whether genome doubling alone can drive ecological divergence or whether the outcome is genetically variable.METHODS Using synthetic, colchicine-induced, autotetraploid (4x) plants derived from self-pollinated diploid (2x) seeds, and their colchicine-treated but unconverted diploid (2x.nc) full sibs from two diploid wild strawberry taxa (Fragaria vesca ssp. vesca and F. vesca ssp. bracteata), we examined the effects of genome doubling on functional traits, heat stress tolerance and fitness components across taxa and maternal families (i.e. genetic families) within taxa.KEY RESULTS Comparisons between 2x and 2x.nc plants indicated a negligible effect of colchicine treatment on functional traits. Genome doubling increased stomatal length, and decreased stomatal density, specific leaf area and leaf vein density, recapitulating patterns observed in wild polyploid Fragaria. Trichome density, heat stress tolerance and relative growth rate were not significantly affected by genome doubling. Although a reduction in clonal reproduction was observed in response to genome doubling, this effect was strongly genetic family dependent.CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that genome doubling during incipient speciation alone can generate ecological divergence and variation among genetic lineages. This response potentially allows for rapid short-term evolutionary adaptation and fuels genomic diversity and independent origins of polyploidy.
Genetic variants beyond amyloid and tau associated cognitive decline: a cohort study
<p>Objective: To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with cognitive decline independent of amyloid &[beta] (A&[beta]) and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Discovery and replication datasets consisting of 414 subjects (94 cognitively normal control [CN), 185 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 135 AD) and 72 subjects (22 CN, 39 MCI, and 11 AD), respectively, were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify SNPs associated with individual cognitive function (measured using the MMSE and ADAS-cog) while controlling for the level of A&[beta] and tau (measured as CSF p-tau/A&[beta]1-42). Gene ontology analysis was performed on SNP associated genes.</p> <p>Results: We identified one significant (rs55906536, &[beta]=-1.91,standard error 0.34, P =4.07×10<sup>-8</sup>) and four suggestive variants on chromosome 6, which were associated with poorer cognitive function. Congruent results were found in the replication data. A structural equation model showed that the identified SNP deteriorated cognitive function partially through cortical thinning of the brain in a region-specific manner. Furthermore, a bioinformatics analysis showed that the identified SNPs were associated with genes related to glutathione metabolism.</p> <p>Conclusions: In this study, we identified SNPs related to cognitive decline, in a manner which could not be explained by A&[beta] and tau levels. Our findings provide insight into the complexity of AD pathogenesis and support the growing literature on the role of glutathione in AD. This study suggests anti-oxidative agents may serve therapeutic for AD subjects with the identified SNPs.</p>
Data from: Is MHC diversity a better marker for conservation than neutral genetic diversity? a case study of two contrasting dolphin populations
Genetic diversity is essential for populations to adapt to changing environments. Measures of genetic diversity are often based on selectively neutral markers, such as microsatellites. Genetic diversity to guide conservation management, however, is better reflected by adaptive markers, including genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Our aim was to assess MHC and neutral genetic diversity in two contrasting bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) populations in Western Australia—one apparently viable population with high reproductive output (Shark Bay) and one with lower reproductive output that was forecast to decline (Bunbury). We assessed genetic variation in the two populations by sequencing the MHC class II DQB, which encompasses the functionally important peptide binding regions (PBR). Neutral genetic diversity was assessed by genotyping twenty‐three microsatellite loci. We confirmed that MHC is an adaptive marker in both populations. Overall, the Shark Bay population exhibited greater MHC diversity than the Bunbury population—for example, it displayed greater MHC nucleotide diversity. In contrast, the difference in microsatellite diversity between the two populations was comparatively low. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that viable populations typically display greater genetic diversity than less viable populations. The results also suggest that MHC variation is more closely associated with population viability than neutral genetic variation. Although the inferences from our findings are limited, because we only compared two populations, our results add to a growing number of studies that highlight the usefulness of MHC as a potentially suitable genetic marker for animal conservation. The Shark Bay population, which carries greater adaptive genetic diversity than the Bunbury population, is thus likely more robust to natural or human‐induced changes to the coastal ecosystem it inhabits.
Data from: Relict stands of Central European oaks: unravelling autochthony and genetic structure based on a multi-population study
<p><span>Central European white oaks expanded rapidly after the last glacial period and reached their current distribution range during the early Holocene. They have been an important resource of timber, fuelwood and animal feed for humans, who actively promoted their presence in forests and other landscape types at least since the early historical times. Besides stands with intensive management, putatively relict populations of three native oak species can be found on unproductive sites with restricted accessibility. Here, we apply chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers in order to address the autochthony of relict and managed stands and compare the spatial distribution of genetic variation between them. Based on data from more than 150 populations, we demonstrate that oak autochthony was preserved throughout historical times which is likely the result of traditional silvicultural treatment. This is supported by the fact that the spatial pattern of chloroplast haplotype distribution still reflects the post-glacial recolonization in both relict and old managed stands. We observed significant admixture of haplotypes only in stands established after the Second World War, which is attributable to the transfer of reproductive material used for afforestation. In terms of nuclear genetic variation, we observed marked differences among species. <em>Quercus</em> <em>pubescens</em> exhibited a pronounced genetic structure. Genetic drift and limited gene flow among its small and isolated populations in our study area might have contributed to this pattern. Varying extent of genetic introgression with other sympatric oak species could offer an additional explanation. On the contrary, the gene pools of <em>Q. petraea </em>and<em> Q. robur</em> are highly homogenous, displaying only weak isolation-by-distance. We found no significant differences of genetic diversity and differentiation between relict and managed stands. This suggests that seed transfer mostly occurred within our study area, even in those stands established in post-war times, verifying previous findings that point out limited human interference. We recommend consideration of population genetic structure for gene conservation, with a finer resolution of gene conservation units needed for <em>Q. pubescens </em>due to its spatial genetic structure. Both relict and old managed stands, species-pure or mixed, are suitable for conservation, as they host autochthonous gene pools. Coppice-with-standard management could contribute to preservation of autochthony. In the face of climate change, it is also important to maintain the evolutionary potential of the stands, by facilitating generative reproduction and allowing for hybridization in mixed stands.</span></p>
Data from: Distances and their visualization in studies of spatial-temporal genetic variation using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
<p>Distance measures are widely used for examining genetic structure in datasets that comprise many individuals scored for a very large number of attributes. Genotype datasets composed of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) typically contain bi-allelic scores for tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of loci.</p> <p>We examine the application of distance measures to SNP genotypes and sequence tag presence-absences (SilicoDArT) and use real datasets and simulated data to illustrate pitfalls in the application of genetic distances and their visualization.</p> <p>The datasets used to illustrate points in the associated review are provided here together with the R script used to analyse the data. Data are either simulated internal to this script or are SNP data generated as part of other studies and included as compressed binary files readily accessable by reading into R using R base function readRDS(). Refer to the analysis script for examples.</p>
Evolution of selfing syndrome and its influence on genetic diversity and inbreeding: A range-wide study in Oenothera primiveris.
<p><strong>Premise of the study:</strong> To avoid inbreeding depression plants have evolved diverse breeding systems to favor outcrossing such as self-incompatibility. However, changes in biotic and abiotic conditions can result in selective pressures that lead to a breakdown in self-incompatibility. The shift to increased selfing is commonly associated with reduced floral features, lower attractiveness to pollinators, and increased inbreeding. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the loss of self-incompatibility, a shift to self-fertilization (autogamy), and concomitant evolution of the selfing syndrome (reduction in floral traits associated with cross-fertilization) will lead to increased inbreeding and population differentiation in <em>Oenothera primiveris</em>. Across its range, this species exhibits a shift in its breeding system and floral traits from a self-incompatible population with large flowers to self-compatible populations with smaller flowers.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a breeding system assessment, evaluated floral traits in the field and under controlled conditions, and measured population genetic parameters using RADseq data. </p> <p><strong>Key results:</strong> Our results reveal a bimodal transition to the selfing syndrome from the west to the east of the range of <em>O. primiveris</em>. This shift includes variation in the breeding system, mating system, a reduction in floral traits (flower diameter, herkogamy, and scent production), a shift to greater autogamy, reduced genetic diversity, and increased inbreeding.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The observed variation highlights the importance of range-wide studies to understand breeding system variation and the evolution of the selfing syndrome within populations and species.</p>
Study of the genetic and phenotypic variation among wild and cultivated clary sages provides interesting avenues for breeding programs of a perfume, medicinal and aromatic plant
<p>A road-map of the genetic and phenotypic diversities in both crops and their wild-related species can help identifying valuable genetic resources for further crop breeding. The clary sage (<em>Salvia sclarea L.</em>), a perfume, medicinal and aromatic plant, is used for sclareol production and ornamental purposes. Despite its wide use in the field of cosmetics, the phenotypic and genetic diversity of wild and cultivated clary sage remains to be explored. We characterized the genetic and phenotypic variation of a collection of six wild <em>S. sclarea</em> populations from Croatia, sampled along an altitudinal gradient, and of populations of three <em>S. sclarea</em> cultivars. We showed low level of genetic diversity for the two <em>S. sclarea</em> traditional cultivars used for essential oil production and for ornamental purposes, respectively. In contrast, a recent cultivar resulting from new breeding methods, which involve hybridizations among several genotypes rather than traditional recurrent selection and self-crosses over time, showed high genetic diversity. We also observed a marked phenotypic differentiation for the ornamental clary sage compared with other cultivated and wild clary sages. Instead, the two cultivars used for essential oil production, a traditional and a recent, respectively, were not phenotypically differentiated from the wild Croatian populations. Our results also featured some wild populations with high sclareol content and early-flowering phenotypes as good candidates for future breeding programs. This study opens up perspectives for basic research aiming at understanding the impact of breeding methods on clary sage evolution, and highlights interesting avenues for clary breeding programs.</p>
ASreml code and Data from the study "Between-population differences in the genetic and maternal components of body mass in roe deer"
<p>This repository contains the source code (ASremL input files) and the data used to perform the QG analyses (univariate, bivariate, random regression animal models) in the study "Between-population differences in the genetic and maternal components of body mass in roe deer". Quéméré E et al.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: dispersal restriction and facilitation in species with differing tolerance to development: a landscape genetics study of native and introduced lizards
<p><em>Aim</em>: The development of natural habitats into urban land uses has greatly accelerated in the recent past due to human activities. This habitat development disrupts species' natural dispersal processes and can lead to both direct and indirect impacts on dispersal. Whether human activities result in restricted or facilitated dispersal may depend on a species' development tolerance; however, this premise has not been tested. We examined the impact of urbanization and road networks on the dispersal of three lizard species in the context of their development tolerance.</p> <p><em>Location</em>: Curaçao</p> <p><em>Methods</em>: To quantify species' development tolerance, we modelled three lizard species abundances at sites based on surrounding landscape development. Using microsatellite genotypes, we conducted individual-based resistance surface analyses and modelled the effect of habitat development on genetic admixture to assess indirect dispersal restriction and facilitation. We explored direct facilitation of dispersal using network analysis of mitochondrial haplotypes.</p> <p><em>Results</em>: <em>Phyllodactylus martini</em>, a native gecko species, was the least tolerant of development and experienced indirect dispersal restriction due to roads, according to resistance surface analyses. <em>Anolis lineatus, </em>a native anole species, exhibited a neutral relationship with development. Resistance surfaces and Structure analyses showed that <em>A. lineatus</em> faced indirect dispersal restrictions from roads and developed areas, while mitochondrial haplotype networks suggested they benefited from occasional human-facilitated long-distance dispersal events. <em>Hemidactylus mabouia</em>, an introduced gecko species, was the most tolerant of development, and experienced no dispersal restriction, but mitochondrial haplotypes suggest direct long-distance dispersal facilitation.</p> <p><em>Main conclusions</em>:<em> </em>Our findings highlight development tolerance as a key predictor of dispersal impact for these species and future work should test whether these patterns are upheld in other systems. Understanding how human activities affect species' dispersal will aid in managing introduced species while promoting connectivity for native species navigating dispersal challenges in dynamic landscapes.</p>
Study on the mating systems of wild rice Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara and their effects on population genetic variation
<p>As the wild ancestors of Asian cultivated rice,<em> Oryza rufipogon</em> Griff. and <em>O. nivara</em> Sharma et Shastry serve as valuable germplasms for rice breeding. Mating systems are important in shaping the level and pattern of population genetic variation, and are crucial for germplasm conservation. We genotyped 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers for a large number of maternal plants and seeds collected from <em>O</em>.<em> rufipogon</em> and <em>O. nivara</em> populations distributed in Southeast Aisa and South China. Based on the 12 SSR markers, we estimated the outcrossing rates and other parameters of the mixed-mating model for the two wild rice species. We also assessed the level of genetic diversity and population structure for parental populations of <em>O</em>.<em> rufipogon</em> and <em>O. nivara</em>. Our study could facilitate <em>in situ</em> and <em>ex situ</em> conservation, and the utilization of these valuable germplasm resources.</p>
Fig. 1 in Testing microsatellite loci and preliminary genetic study for Eurasian otter in South Korea
Fig. 1. Spraints collection sites along Ungokcheon Stream, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do.
Fig. 2. A in A preliminary study of genetic structure and relatedness analysis of Nutria (Myocastor coypus) in Upo Wetland
Fig. 2. A bar plot representing the estimated membership coefficients of nutria individuals (K=2).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.