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85 results for “geometric morphology”
Fig. 1 in Geometric morphometric on a new species of Trichodinidae. A tool to discriminate trichodinid species combined with traditional morphology and molecular analysis
Fig. 1. Microphotographs of Trichodina bellottii n. sp. from Austrolebias bellottii. (A–D) Adhesive disc after dry silver impregnation. E) Ciliature. (F) Macronucleus with methylene-blue staining. Scale bars: 20 μm.
Figure 2. 2D in The Woodcock's head: Resolving a morphological oddity using geometric morphometrics
Figure 2. 2D landmarks used in this study following Klingenberg and Marugán-Lobón (2013). Skull scheme modified from Thompson (1942). Abbreviation: BK—beak; O—orbit; B—braincase.
Figure 1 in The Woodcock's head: Resolving a morphological oddity using geometric morphometrics
Figure 1. Different ways in which the skull of the woodcock has been oriented to interpret its anatomy in lateral view. A. As it leans over a table (modified from, Cobb, 1959). Notice how the ear (E) lies nearly anterior to the eye (orbits), and how the latter seem to orient as to direct sight relatively backwards. B. As the bird is flying, as suggested in (and modified from) Thompson (1942). Notice that Thompson argued that the cranial floor (CF) in this posture is horizontal, yet no bone is alluded as to demarcate de basis cranii [sic]. C. As the bird is in alert, as measured by Duijm (1951) in a zoo. Notice that in such head posture of alert the lateral semicircular canal (LSC) in the woodcock is tilted approximately13° (i.e., it is not horizontal when the woodcock is in alert). Interestingly, if the skull is rotated those 13°, head posture matches Thompson's flight orientation.
Figure 3. Geometric morphometrics results. A in The Woodcock's head: Resolving a morphological oddity using geometric morphometrics
Figure 3. Geometric morphometrics results. A. Procrustes residuals (shape data) of the 160 superimposed configurations. The configuration of the woodcock is plotted inside to show how its skull shape maps compared to the rest of birds. B. Isolated average configuration (grey, left) and woodcock (black, right). C. Average and woodcock superimposed to show that the largest difference is in the position of the facial skeleton compared to the neurocranium. D. Same as C yet using the Thin Plate Spline deformation to further stress the craniofacial differences between the woodcock and the average. Notice how craniofacial differences are due to the "rotation" of the face and the neurocranium. E. Thin plate spline deformation of the woodcock compared to the rest of the sample within morphospace (summary of shape variance of Fig. 3A using Relative Warps Analysis, i.e., PCA). Black/thick arrow points to woodcock, Thin arrow points to Snipe, whose skull shape is definitely similar to that of the woodcock.
Gill morphology data and geometric morphometric data of Enteromius spp. in relation to dissolved oxygen gradients
<ol> <li class="western">We explored how range expansion of freshwater fishes coincident with climate warming is affected by, and then in turn affects, responses to a second environmental gradient – dissolved oxygen.</li> <li> <p class="western">Traits related to hypoxia tolerance, specifically various metrics of gill size and geometric morphometric proxies of gill size were quantified for a range-expanding cyprinid fish (<em>Enteromius apleurogramma</em>) in both its historical and novel ranges in the Mpanga River drainage of Uganda, East Africa.</p> </li> <li> <p class="western">We found that <em>E. apleurogramma </em><span>followed patterns previously established in the </span><span>congener</span><span> </span><em>E. neumayeri.</em><span> </span><span>G</span><span>ill filament length and some other metrics were strongly divergent in long-established populations of both </span><em>E. apleurogramma </em><span>and </span><em>E. neumayeri</em><span>, with l</span><span>arger gills</span><span> in hypoxic populations compared to normoxic ones. Range-expanding populations were intermediate to the two </span><span>long-established populations</span><span>, but divergent between themselves. </span><span>Other gill traits such as filament number we</span><span>re weakly or not divergent. </span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western"><span>Furthermore, we show that grosser morphological traits such as opercular area can be successfully used as a proxy for gill size, both by direct measurement as well as </span><span>using geometric morphometric techniques. </span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western">Finally, we show that both parapatric conspecific populations and sympatric heterospecific populations can be used as reference points to approximate the "target" of adaptation to hypoxic conditions.</p> </li> </ol>
Gill morphology data and geometric morphometric data of Enteromius spp. in relation to dissolved oxygen gradients
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Categorical versus geometric morphometric approaches to characterising the evolution of morphological disparity in Osteostraci (Vertebrata, stem-Gnathostomata)
Morphological variation (disparity) is almost invariably characterised by two non-mutually exclusive approaches: (i) quantitatively, through geometric morphometrics, and (ii) in terms of discrete, 'cladistic', or categorical characters. Uncertainty over the comparability of these approaches diminishes the potential to obtain nomothetic insights into the evolution of morphological disparity and the few benchmarking studies conducted so far show contrasting results. Here, we apply both approaches to characterising morphology in the stem-gnathostome clade Osteostraci in order to assess congruence between these alternative methods as well as to explore the evolutionary patterns of the group in terms of temporal disparity and the influence of phylogenetic relationships and habitat on morphospace occupation. Our results suggest that both approaches yield similar results in morphospace occupation and clustering, but also some differences indicating that these metrics may capture different aspects of morphology. Phylomorphospaces reveal convergence towards a generalised 'horseshoe'-shaped cranial morphology and two strong trends involving major groups of osteostracans (benneviaspidids and thyestiids), which probably reflect adaptations to different lifestyles. Temporal patterns of disparity obtained from categorical and morphometric approaches appear congruent, however disparity maxima are recorded at very different times in the evolutionary history of the group when increasing the number of taxa and characters in the categorical dataset. The results of our analyses indicate that categorical and continuous datasets may characterize different patterns of morphological disparity and that discrepancies could reflect preservational limitations of morphometric data and differences in the potential of each data type for characterizing more or less inclusive aspects of overall phenotype.
Figure 3 in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)
Figure 3. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) of the anterior margins of coxae.
Figure 2 in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)
Figure 2. Landmark definitions used in the anterior margins of coxae.
Figure 4 in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)
Figure 4. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) of dorsoglandularia 1–4.
Figure 5 in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)
Figure 5. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) of infracapitulum.
Fig. 7. Reconstructed denticles shapes using a in Geometric morphometric on a new species of Trichodinidae. A tool to discriminate trichodinid species combined with traditional morphology and molecular analysis
Fig. 7. Reconstructed denticles shapes using a range of 20 harmonic.
Fig. 6 in Geometric morphometric on a new species of Trichodinidae. A tool to discriminate trichodinid species combined with traditional morphology and molecular analysis
Fig. 6. Fourier harmonic power spectrum based on Elliptical Fourier analysis.
Geometric morphometrics as a tool for evaluating Eublastoidea morphological variation
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Categorical versus geometric morphometric approaches to characterising the evolution of morphological disparity in Osteostraci (Vertebrata, stem-Gnathostomata)
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Fig. 4 in Functional morphology of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) mandible: a 3D geometric morphometric analysis
Fig. 4 PCAs on the regression residuals of all extant Ursidae and U. spelaeus after a regression analysis of the Procrustes coordinates onto log centroid size pooled per species (a, b) and on the regression residuals of the regression taking phylogeny into account (c, d). The colors indicate the
Fig. 6 in Functional morphology of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) mandible: a 3D geometric morphometric analysis
Fig. 6 Scatterplot of the PC1 scores versus the logarithm of the percentage of foliage in the diet. Linear regression lines were fitted with the 95 % confidence interval of the group mean and the mean scores of U. spelaeus (vertical line)
Fig. 2 in Functional morphology of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) mandible: a 3D geometric morphometric analysis
Fig. 2 Mandibles of Ursus spelaeus (a, b) and Tremarctos ornatus (c) and showing the position of the masseteric fossa (MF) and the premasseteric fossa (PMF). Positions of the landmarks on a mandible of Ursus spelaeus on the lingual side (a) and the labial side (b). The landmarks are described in Table 3. Not to scale. Part A of the figure also displays the biomechanics. The resistance (Fout) at the carnassial of the lower jaw depends on the muscular input force (Fin), the angle of insertion of the muscle onto the jaw (α) and the ratio of in-lever arm or moment arm (Li) to out-lever arm (Lo). Angle of insertion of jaw muscles changes during jaw closing and determines the moment arm of the muscular input force (Mi). Mass pertaining to the masseter, Temp pertaining to the temporalis. Li Mass and Mi Mass happen to be the same in this diagram
Fig. 5 2B in Functional morphology of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) mandible: a 3D geometric morphometric analysis
Fig. 5 2B-PLS on the regression residuals of all extant Ursidae and U. spelaeus after a regression analysis of the Procrustes coordinates onto log centroid size pooled per species. A phylogenetic overlay is shown in gray
Figure 3 in Mandible shape in marsupial and placental carnivorous mammals: a morphological comparative study using geometric morphometrics
Figure 3. Mandible shape variation along the first three relative warps (RW). A, relative warp 1 versus 3 showing the distribution of diet classes; B, relative warp 2 versus 3 showing the distribution of diet classes; C, relative warp 1 versus 3, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups; D, relative warp 2 versus 3, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups. Shape reconstructions show the extreme shape of each RW in black lines against the consensus shape in grey lines.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.