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130 results for “gliding”
Figure 1 in Gliding canopy flatties and relatives from the Selenops banksi group (Araneae: Selenopidae)
Figure 1. (a) Selenops banksi, female, guarding eggsac, Costa Rica; inset shows crosshatching pattern on eggsac (photos by Gernot Kunz) (b) S. banksi, Costa Rica (photo by Gernot Kunz). (c) S. banksi, eating a queen ant of Camponotus sp., Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo-Mishana, Loreto, Peru (photo by Projeto Mantis – https://www.projetomantis.com/) (d) S. banksi, on a tree, Iwokrama Rainforest Reserve, Guyana (photo by Paul Bertner) (e) S. curruganja sp. nov., on mossy guava tree, Lloró, Chocó, Colombia (photo by Sarah Crews) (f) S. micropalpus, on Bursera simaruba, St. Lucia (photo by Sarah Crews).
Figure 2 in Gliding canopy flatties and relatives from the Selenops banksi group (Araneae: Selenopidae)
Figure 2. (a) Selenops banksi, paratype male, from Panama (MCZ) (b) S. banksi, holotype male, from Panama (MCZ 20436) (c) S. banksi, ex-S. kikay syn. nov., holotype male, from Itabuna, Brazil (MNRJ – destroyed) (d) S. banksi, female described here, from Orellana, Ecuador (NMNH) (e) S. banksi, female, ventral, Orellana, Ecuador (NMNH) (f) S. banksi, male, Orellana, Ecuador (NMNH) (g) S. banksi, male, ventral, Orellana, Ecuador (different specimen than f but in same vial) (NMNH) (h) S. banksi, male, Rio Tambopata Reserve, Madre de Dios, Peru (MCZ) (i) S. banksi, male, Iwokrama, Guyana (CAS 9058003) (j) S. curruganja sp. nov., holotype female, Corpoica, Tumaco, Dept. Nariño, Colombia, (ICN-Ar-8289) (k) S. ducke, holotype male, sternum (MCN 25527) (l) S. ducke, paratype female, sternum (MCN 21487) (m)
Figure 5 in Gliding canopy flatties and relatives from the Selenops banksi group (Araneae: Selenopidae)
Figure 5. (a) Selenops banksi, holotype male, palp, lateral, showing embolus (E), embolar sclerite (ES), and embolar base (EB) (MCZ 20436) (b) S. banksi, palp, lateral, Orellana, Ecuador (NMNH) (c) S. banksi, ex-S. kikay syn. nov., holotype male, palp, lateral, Itabuna, Brazil (note that this palp is in a slightly different orientation than preceding) (MNRJ – destroyed) (d) S. ducke, holotype male, palp, lateral, E and ES connected by weakly sclerotised area, flipped horizontally, Manaus, Brazil (MCN 25527) (e) S. ducke, holotype male, palp, lateral, E and ES connected by weakly sclerotised area, Manaus, Brazil (MCN 25527) (f) S. micropalpus, palp, lateral, E and ES are further apart than in S. banksi (A–C), King's Hill Forest Reserve, St. Vincent and the Grenadines (CAS).
Figure 3 in Gliding canopy flatties and relatives from the Selenops banksi group (Araneae: Selenopidae)
Figure 3. (a) Selenops banksi, palp, ventral and retrolateral, highlighting various structures present in species belonging to the banksi group; dark pink – dRTA, teal – vRTA, yellow – MA, purple – C, pink – E, orange – EB, green – EA. (b) S. banksi, holotype male, palp, ventral and retrolateral (MCZ 20436) (c) S. banksi, ex-S. kikay syn. nov., palp, ventral, from Manaus, Brazil; image has been flipped horizontally (MCN 25526) (d) S. banksi, ex-S. kikay syn. nov., holotype male, from Itabuna, Brazil (MNRJ – destroyed) (e) S. micropalpus, holotype male, palp, ventral and retrolateral (AMNH) (f) S. ducke, holotype male, palp, ventral, image has been flipped horizontally (MCN 25527) (g) S. ducke, holotype male, palp, ventral, image has been flipped horizontally (MCN 25527) (h) S. ducke, holotype male, palp, retrolateral (MCN 25527).
Figure 6 in Gliding canopy flatties and relatives from the Selenops banksi group (Araneae: Selenopidae)
Figure 6. (a) Selenops banksi, epigyne and endogyne, highlighting various structures, epigyne: green – LLs, yellow – ML, violet – COs, pink – EPs, endogyne: purple – CDs, pink – PS, green – FD (b) S. banksi, epigyne and endogyne, Orellana, Ecuador (NMNH) (c) S. micropalpus, epigyne and endogyne, Dennery, St. Lucia (CAS) (d) S. curruganja sp. nov., epigyne and endogyne, Corpoica, Tumaco, Dept. Nariño, Colombia, (ICN-Ar-8289) (e) S. banksi, male, spinnerets, ventral, Orellana, Ecuador (NMNH) (f) S. ducke, paratype female, epigyne, Manaus, Brazil (MCN 21487) (g) S. ducke, paratype female, endogyne, Manaus, Brazil (MCN 21487) (h) S. banksi, female, spinnerets, ventral, Orellana, Ecuador (NMNH) (i) S. banksi, female, spinnerets, caudal, Orellana, Ecuador (NMNH) (j) S. micropalpus, female, spinnerets, caudal, Dennery, St. Lucia (CAS) (k) S. micropalpus, genitalia, caudal, Dennery, St. Lucia (CAS) (l) S. banksi, female, genitalia, caudal, Orellana, Ecuador (NMNH).
Data from: Incomplete convergence of gliding-mammal skeletons
<p>Ecology and biomechanics play central roles in the generation of phenotypic diversity. When unrelated taxa invade a similar ecological niche, biomechanical demands can drive convergent morphological transformations. Thus, identifying and examining convergence helps to elucidate the key catalysts of phenotypic change. Gliding mammals are often presented as a classic case of convergent evolution because they independently evolved in numerous clades, each possessing patagia ('wing' membranes) that generate lift during gliding. We use phylogenetic comparative methods to test whether the skeletal morphologies of the six clades of extant gliding mammals demonstrate convergence. Our results indicate that glider skeletons are convergent, with glider groups consistently evolving proportionally longer, more gracile limbs than arborealists, likely to increase patagial surface area. Nonetheless, we interpret gliders to represent incomplete convergence because (i) evolutionary model-fitting analyses do not indicate strong selective pressures for glider trait optima, (ii) the three marsupial glider groups diverge rather than converge, and (iii) the gliding groups remain separated in morphospace (rather than converging on a single morphotype), which is reflected by an unexpectedly high level of morphological disparity. That glider skeletons are morphologically diverse is further demonstrated by fossil gliders from the Mesozoic Era, which possess unique skeletal characteristics that are absent in extant gliders. Glider morphologies may be strongly influenced by factors such as body size and attachment location of patagia on the forelimb, which can vary among clades. <span>Thus, convergence in gliders appears to be driven by a simple lengthening of the limbs, whereas additional skeletal traits reflect nuances of the gliding apparatus that are distinct among different evolutionary lineages.</span> Our unexpected results add to growing evidence that incomplete convergence is prevalent in vertebrate clades, even among classic cases of convergence, and they highlight the importance of examining form-function relationships in light of phylogeny, biomechanics, and the fossil record.</p>
FIGURE 2. A in Re-assessment of the Reinwardt's Gliding Frog, Rhacophorus reinwardtii (Schlegel 1840) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia and its re-description as a new species
FIGURE 2. A– Rhacophorus reinwardtii, Sukabumi, West Java. B– Rhacophorus reinwardtii, Gunung Gede, West Java. C– Holotype Rhacophorus norhayatii (UKMHC 714). D– Rhacophorus reinwardtii, Batang Ai, Sarawak, Borneo. E– Ventral view of specimen D.
FIGURE 3. A in Re-assessment of the Reinwardt's Gliding Frog, Rhacophorus reinwardtii (Schlegel 1840) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia and its re-description as a new species
FIGURE 3. A– Dorsal view of hand, Rhacophorus reinwardtii (ZRC 1.6833). B– Dorsal view of foot (ZRC 1.6833). C– Dorsal view of hand, holotype Rhacophorus norhayatii (UKMHC 714). D– Dorsal view of foot (UKMHC 714). E– Ventral view of female Rhacophorus reinwardtii (ZRC 1.3641). F– Ventral view of female Rhacophorus norhayatii (ZRC 1.10355). G– Flank of Rhacophorus norhayatii (ZRC 1.12447).
Dataset: Evolution of gliding in squirrel-related rodents (Mammalia: Sciuromorpha) did not induce a new optimum on the cortical thickness of the scapular glenoid fossa
<p>Many of the squirrel-related rodents (i.e., Sciuromorpha) are tree-dwelling species known to be very agile climbers. This taxon also includes the most diverse clade of gliding (aerial) mammals that likely descended from a non-gliding arboreal ancestor and evolved a patagium (i.e., a gliding membrane) to increase gliding performance. Glides can cover distances of up to 150 m and landing is typically accomplished by stalling the patagium to reduce impact velocity. It remains unclear if this behavior suffices to keep stresses on the locomotor apparatus similar to those experienced by their arboreal relatives or whether gliding behavior increases landing forces and stresses. The sparsely available support reaction force data are ambiguous, but bone microstructure is highly adaptable to changes in loading regime and likely provides insights into this question. Using µCT scans, we compared the cortical thickness of the glenoid fossa of the shoulder joint between arboreal and aerial Sciuromorpha using evolutionary model comparison, while also accounting for regional differences of the glenoid fossa. We did not find any differences between these locomotor behaviors, irrespective of the region. These findings agree with previous analyses of the microstructure of the femur in Sciuromorpha. We discuss different aspects that could explain the similarity in cortical thickness. According to our analysis of glenoid cortical thickness the loading regime appears not to have changed after the evolution of gliding locomotion, likely due to adjustments in landing performance.</p>
Seemingly gliding: the power of metadata in academic resource discovery systems
<p>Creators of resource discovery systems are at a turning point in development: their systems must satisfy the users’ needs for the delivery of high-quality, academically-rigorous content, while also providing the most straightforward, Google-like interfaces possible. The role of metadata in this scenario becomes paramount as users enter a world which seems serendipitous, but which is still subject to academic rigour, relevance and comprehensiveness.<br> Ironically, such a system, necessarily supported by high-quality metadata, increasingly conceals them, thus lowering their profile in the user’s mind, and their importance becomes even more camouflaged to the user community. Without them, however, there is no system.<br> This paper explores this dichotomy, describing a vision for resource discovery which creates a seamless journey between related, yet disparate, resources. It moves on to look at a case study of a single tool: the HASSET thesaurus, developed at the UK Data Archive. This tool’s journey from an inhouse-developed thesaurus to the lynch-pin of many online services is described in detail. Lastly, the paper takes the theory of achieving focused results from a simple interface and, using HASSET, applies it to an existing service: the Economic and Social Data Service (ESDS). Metadata is shown to be the essential – and yet increasingly<br> invisible – force at work in effective resource discovery systems.</p>
Figure 3 in A phylogeographical framework for Zhangixalus gliding frogs, with insight on their plasticity of nesting behaviour
Figure 3. Phylogeography of Zhangixalus, part II. For clarity, distributions are mapped separately for two sets of lineages. Stars indicate the known type localities of currently recognized species. Undescribed lineages are labelled as 'cf.', except for Zhangixalus arboreus, for which the labels provided by Matsui et al. (2019) are used. No accurate geographical information exists for the lineage Zhangixalus cf. dorsoviridis 2 (given as 'China'; see Supporting Information, Appendix S1).
Figure 1 in A phylogeographical framework for Zhangixalus gliding frogs, with insight on their plasticity of nesting behaviour
Figure 1. Time-calibrated phylogeny of Zhangixalus lineages, based on ~4 kb of mitochondrial sequences. Node sizes and darkness are proportional to branch support. Lineages are coloured according to their geographical regions. Undescribed lineages are labelled as 'cf.', except for Zhangixalus schlegelii and Zhangixalus arboreus, for which the labels provided by Matsui et al. (2019) are used. The bar graph shows the number of splitting events in the timetree in windows of 1 Myr, overlaid by the evolution of temperatures (as given by δ 18O) on Earth (red curve, adapted from Zachos et al., 2008). Photograph: Zhangixalus chenfui (S.N.L.).
Figure 2 in A phylogeographical framework for Zhangixalus gliding frogs, with insight on their plasticity of nesting behaviour
Figure 2. Phylogeography of Zhangixalus, part I. For clarity, distributions are mapped separately for three sets of lineages. Stars indicate the known type localities of currently recognized species. Undescribed lineages are labelled as 'cf.', except for Zhangixalus schlegelii, for which the labels provided by Matsui et al. (2019) are used.
A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide (SNAG) in Low Back Pain Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02128607. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Effects of Sustained Natural Appophyseal Glide Versus Rocababo 6x6 Program in Subjects With Cervicogenic Headache.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05865808. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 11.
Myofascial Release Technique vs Posterior-anterior Glide on Non-specific Low Back Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05167435. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 23.
Effects of Slider Versus Tensioners Nerve Gliding in Cervical Radiculopathy.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06339970. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 11.
Comparison of Sciatic Nerve Gliding and Lower Extremity Dynamic Stretch on Hamstring Flexibility of Athletes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05136469. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Vertical Oscillatory Pressure and Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides in ow Back Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05612308. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Thrust Joint Manipulation and Reverse SNAGS (Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides) in Cervicogenic Headache
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04521218. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
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