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127 results for “gradualism”
Data from: Synergism, bifunctionality, and the evolution of a gradual sensory trade-off in hummingbird taste receptors
<p>Sensory receptor evolution can imply trade-offs between ligands, but the extent to which such trade-offs occur and the underlying processes shaping their evolution is not well understood. For example, hummingbirds have re-purposed their ancestral savory receptor (T1R1-T1R3) to detect sugars, but the impact of this sensory shift on amino acid perception is unclear. Here, we use functional and behavioral approaches to show that the hummingbird T1R1-T1R3 acts as a bifunctional receptor responsive to both sugars and amino acids. Our comparative analyses reveal substantial functional diversity across the hummingbird radiation and suggest an evolutionary timeline for T1R1-T1R3 re-tuning. Finally, we identify a novel form of synergism between sugars and amino acids in vertebrate taste receptors. This work uncovers an unexplored axis of sensory diversity, suggesting new ways in which nectar chemistry and pollinator preferences can coevolve.</p>
Gradual Enhancement of the Assemblage Stability of the Reed Rhizosphere Microbiome with Recovery Time
<p>This is a supplementary material for the article of "Gradual Enhancement of the Assemblage Stability of the Reed Rhizosphere Microbiome with Recovery Time"</p>
text-fig. 58. Diagrams showing how character distribution in a cladogram indicates gaps in the fossil record, a, arrangement of three taxa in a cladogram; synapomorphies a-f support the monophyly of the clade (B-C). B, if gradual acquisition of characters is assumed, several taxa must be missing in the phylogeny between taxon A and clade (B-C). The number of taxa missing is positively (though not necessarily linearly) correlated with the number of synapomorphies that diagnose any given node. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 58. Diagrams showing how character distribution in a cladogram indicates gaps in the fossil record, a, arrangement of three taxa in a cladogram; synapomorphies a-f support the monophyly of the clade (B-C). B, if gradual acquisition of characters is assumed, several taxa must be missing in the phylogeny between taxon A and clade (B-C). The number of taxa missing is positively (though not necessarily linearly) correlated with the number of synapomorphies that diagnose any given node.
FIGURE 2. Epidryos matheusii. A. Leaf, with its blade gradually passing into a in A new species of Epidryos (Rapateaceae) from Guyana
FIGURE 2. Epidryos matheusii. A. Leaf, with its blade gradually passing into a long petiole (arrow). B. Distal part of the peduncle of an inflorescence with six spikelets, one of them in fruit (arrow). C. Detail of a spikelet, with its bracteoles and sepals (arrow). D. Anther. E. Seed partially covered by a white spongy arillate structure (arrow). A–E. C.E. Zartman et al. 8267 (UFRR).
Preservation and destruction of Holocene marine terraces: the effects of episodic versus gradual relative sea level change
<p>Dataset contains RPM source codes, a sample RPM simulation code, and data of the results presented "Preservation and destruction of Holocene marine terraces: the effects of episodic versus gradual relative sea level change"</p>
Data for: Environmental gradualism explains variation in pollination systems of columnar cacti: Phylogenetic and trait evolution analyses
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: The Geographic Dichotomy Hypothesis (GDH) states several flowering plant groups have specialized pollination systems in tropical areas, where resources are more reliable and pollinator communities tend to be more stable. Our main goal was to understand the scope of the GDH and/or gradual environmental variation considering the evolutionary history of the pollination traits.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Neotropical tropics and adjacent extra-tropics.</p> <p><strong>Major</strong> <strong>taxa</strong> <strong>studied</strong>: Columnar cacti.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Using a database composed of ~54 columnar cacti species (31.7% of the global columnar cactus species), four complex traits were analyzed: pollination syndromes, reproductive systems, type of anthesis, and duration of anthesis. We applied GLMs, phylogenetic regressions, evolutionary trait optimization, and multivariate models with 19 bioclimatic variables and potential evapotranspiration.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Weak phylogenetic signal was detected for all traits, giving consistent results between GLMs and phylogenetic regression analysis. The pollination syndrome and duration of anthesis varied with latitude, in contrast to the reproductive system and the type of anthesis. In the Southern Hemisphere, the pollinators were more diverse and the duration of anthesis was longer. Different evolutionary paths between hemispheres were detected and optimization showed a complex pattern in the evolution of traits, suggesting high homoplasy with multiple transformations by convergence and/or parallelism. The environmental models showed thermic seasonality may be at the core of the latitudinal variation of the pollination system.</p> <p><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong>: We did not detect a geographical dichotomy in pollination systems of the cacti, but rather a gradual change in different pollination attributes. Therefore, instead of a GDH, we propose an environmental gradient hypothesis (EGH). Environmental variables may be explaining the variation detected in pollination system traits by conditioning floral properties (morphology, phenology), diversity and distribution of pollinators, and/or coevolution occurrence. The complexity implied in these traits is consistent with high homoplasy levels and a differential evolutionary history between the hemispheres.</p>
Study in Healthy Subjects to Examine the Safety and Tolerability of ACT-1004-1239 Given as Multiple, Gradually Increasing Doses and to Examine the Effects of ACT-1004-1239 on the Body and the Way the
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04286750. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
BABY STEPS II: SMS Scheduled Gradual Reduction Text Messages to Help Pregnant Smokers Quit
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01995097. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Gradual Initiation of Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim as Primary Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Prophylaxis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00000816. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.
Effect of Gradually Increasing Force Magnitude on the Rate of Canine Retraction Randomized Controlled Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05643443. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Gradual Vs. Rapid Buprenorphine Detoxification - 2
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00000220. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Smoking Intervention Study Using Scheduled Gradual Reduction With Varenicline to Help With Cessation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01772641. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Gradual Withdrawal of Low-dose Glucocorticoid in Clinically Quiescent Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06234852. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Radiofrequency Ablation With Gradual Radiofrequency Energy Increment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05397860. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Gradual Versus Abrupt Reperfusion in Primary PCI (GUARD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02732080. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Comparative Effects of Gong's Mobilization With Gradually Graded Exercise Therapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04872335. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Gradual Versus Immediate Goal-dose Enteral Nutrition in Abdominal Surgery Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03117348. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 16.
Remifentanil and Hyperalgesia: Gradual Withdrawal Versus Immediate Discontinuation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03110653. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Comparison Between Immediate and Gradual Decannulation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02469909. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Comparing the Secondary Stability of Dental Implants: Immediate Gradual Loading Versus Early Loading Protocol in Posterior Maxilla
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02309125. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 21.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.