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58 results for “ground nesting”
Data from: Habitat structure and an introduced predator limit the abundance of an endangered ground-nesting bird
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Data from: Tillage in southeastern U.S. row crops reduces ground-nesting bee incidence and diversity compared to field edges
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Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) nest phenology influenced by drought on nonbreeding grounds
<p>Migratory birds are demonstrating changes in phenology linked to climate change. Understanding these changes requires connecting events that occur over the multiple regions occupied during their annual cycle. The Burrowing Owl (<i>Athene cunicularia</i>) is a species of concern in North America, with pronounced declines in regions of the Great Plains. Using a dataset that spanned ten breeding sites from South Dakota to northern Mexico in various years during 1989-2017, we observed both advances and delays in nesting along with increasing variation in nest initiation dates. We examined the effects of a large-scale climate system (El Niño Southern Oscillation), drought, and local weather patterns throughout the annual cycle as potential predictors of early and late nesting. Moisture conditions during the winter and spring migratory period had the greatest influence on nest phenology. Years with more intense drought on winter and migratory grounds increased the probability of nests initiating late relative to early. Correspondingly, wet conditions were associated with an increased probability of early nest initiation. Drought likely has cascading ecological effects that negatively influence food abundance for Burrowing Owls, resulting in delays in the ability of individuals to meet energetic demands required for migration. How climate change will impact Burrowing Owl phenology is important considering a projected increase in magnitude and frequency of drought and declining owl population trends. </p>
Data from: Nest suitability, fine-scale population structure and male-mediated dispersal of a solitary ground nesting bee in an urban landscape
Bees are the primary pollinators of flowering plants in almost all ecosystems. Worldwide declines in bee populations have raised awareness about the importance of their ecological role in maintaining ecosystem functioning. The naturally strong philopatric behavior that some bee species show can be detrimental to population viability through increased probability of inbreeding. Furthermore, bee populations found in human-altered landscapes, such as urban areas, can experience lower levels of gene flow and effective population sizes, increasing potential for inbreeding depression in wild bee populations. In this study, we investigated the fine-scale population structure of the solitary bee Colletes inaequalis in an urbanized landscape. First, we developed a predictive spatial model to detect suitable nesting habitat for this ground nesting bee and to inform our field search for nests. We genotyped 18 microsatellites in 548 female individuals collected from nest aggregations throughout the study area. Genetic relatedness estimates revealed that genetic similarity among individuals was slightly greater within nest aggregations than among randomly chosen individuals. However, genetic structure among nest aggregations was low (Nei's GST = 0.011). Reconstruction of parental genotypes revealed greater genetic relatedness among females than among males within nest aggregations, suggesting male-mediated dispersal as a potentially important mechanism of population connectivity and inbreeding avoidance. Size of nesting patch was positively correlated with effective population size, but not with other estimators of genetic diversity. We detected a positive trend between geographic distance and genetic differentiation between nest aggregations. Our landscape genetic models suggest that increased urbanization is likely associated with higher levels of inbreeding. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of density and distribution of suitable nesting patches for enhancing bee population abundance and connectivity in human dominated habitats and highlights the critical contribution of landscape genetic studies for enhanced conservation and management of native pollinators.
FIG. 1 in The termites of the Mayombe Forest Reserve, Congo (Brazzaville): transect sampling reveals an extremely high diversity of ground-nesting soil feeders
FIG. 1. Proportions of feeding groups (a), nesting groups (b) and taxonomic groups (c) in MBR and MFR. Taxonomic groupings: m, Macrotermitinae; an, Anoplotermes-group Apicotermitinae; ap, Apicotermes-group Apicotermitinae; am, Amitermes-group; te, Termes-group Termitinae; cu, Cubitermes-group Termitinae; nas, Nasutitermes-group Nasutitermitinae; sub, Subulitermes -group Nasutitermitinae. The Foraminitermes- group Termitinae (one species in both regions) and Rhinotermitidae (one species in MFR only) have been excluded for plot clarity. Other functional groupings are as in table 1.
The abundance of small mammals is positively linked to survival from nest depredation but negatively linked to local recruitment of a ground nesting precocial bird
<p>Generalist predators using small mammals as their primary prey are suggested to shift hunting alternative prey such as bird nests, when small mammals are in short supply (the alternative prey hypothesis, APH). Nest survival and survival of young individuals should be positively linked to small mammal abundance and negatively linked to predator abundance, but little information exists from survival of chicks, especially until recruitment. We test these predictions of the APH using 13 years (2002-2014) of life history data from a ground nesting shorebird breeding on coastal meadows. We use small mammal abundance in the previous autumn as a proxy for spring predator abundance, mainly of mammalian predators. We examine whether small mammal abundance in the spring and previous autumn explain annual variation in nest survival from depredation and local recruitment of the southern dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii. As predicted by the APH, survival from nest predation was positively linked to spring small mammal abundance and negatively linked to autumn small mammal abundance. Importantly, local recruitment showed opposite responses. This counterintuitive result may be explained by density dependent survival. When nest depredation rates are low, predators may show stronger numerical and functional responses to high shorebird chick abundance on coastal meadows, whereas in years of high nest depredation, few hatching chicks lure fewer predators. The opposite effects on nest and local recruitment demonstrate the diverse mechanisms by which population size variation in primary prey can affect dynamics of alternative prey populations.</p>
Data from: Deceiving predators: linking distraction behavior with nest survival in a ground-nesting bird
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Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) nest phenology influenced by drought on nonbreeding grounds
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Data from: Nest suitability, fine-scale population structure and male-mediated dispersal of a solitary ground nesting bee in an urban landscape
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The abundance of small mammals is positively linked to survival from nest depredation but negatively linked to local recruitment of a ground nesting precocial bird
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Data from: Cover, not caging, influences chronic physiological stress in a ground-nesting bird
Predator exclosures ('nest cages') around nests are increasingly used to enhance hatching success of declining ground-nesting birds. However, such exclosures are contentious and have been suggested to have detrimental effects on the species which they aim to protect. This study examines whether exclosures increase physiological stress of incubating birds, a hitherto unrecognised and untested potential drawback of exclosures. Red-capped plover Charadrius ruficapillus hatching success was radically altered and significantly higher for nests with exclosures (96.2%) compared with those without (6.8%). Chronic physiological stress in parents (as measured by the heterophil/lymphocyte [H/L] ratio in blood) did not vary between nests with and without exclosures, or between the sexes. However the absence of vegetative cover at the nest site was associated with a 62.7% elevation in H/L ratio, indicating that incubating birds which place their nests in the open are subject to increased levels of chronic stress. The results from this study demonstrate the fundamental importance of predation for the nesting success of this species and confirm that chronic stress levels are not a detrimental side effect of exclosure use.
FIGURE 1. A in Descriptions of the Mature Larvae of Three Australian Ground-Nesting Bees(Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Diphaglossinae and Neopasiphaeinae)
FIGURE 1. A. Enlarged diagram of head of mature larva of Leioproctus wanni, frontal view, identifying major anatomical features of head capsules of bee larvae. B. Diagrams of mature larva of Leioproctus wanni. Fullbody lateral view. Scale bar = 2 cm.
Fig. 1 in The potential management of a ground-nesting, solitary bee: Anthophora abrupta (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Fig. 1. The original (mother) nest aggregation of Anthophora abrupta discovered in Apr 2010. The bees were nesting in colloidal clay, in an open air shed, in Gainesville, Florida. Photo: Jason R. Graham.
Data for: Ground nesting in passerine birds: Evolution, biogeography and life history correlates
<p>Nest location is one of the key components of avian reproduction and sharp transitions between different nest location strategies may have profound ecological and evolutionary consequences. Here, we used a phylogenetically-informed comparative framework to reconstruct the evolution of ground nesting behaviour in passerine birds, quantify its biogeographical and habitat variation, and test for its associations with life history traits. Our dataset comprised over 1600 species distributed worldwide and representing ca. 90% of all extant passerine families. Our analyses revealed a scattered phylogenetic distribution and moderate phylogenetic signal in the occurrence of ground nesting in passerines. We also found relatively high forward and backward transitions rates between character states of ground and non-ground nesting, indicating strong evolutionary lability. Non-ground nesting was identified as a likely ancestral state at the root of passerine phylogeny. Occurrence of ground nesting was clearly associated with habitat variation, as open habitats generally supported greater proportion of ground nesting species than non-open habitats (forests). Within the major habitat categories we found greater proportion of ground nesters in boreal and temperate than subtropical and tropical zones. This reflected a general latitudinal gradient in the occurrence of ground nesting, with higher proportion of ground nesting species at higher latitudes (especially at the northern hemisphere). Ground nesting was also associated with fast life histories, as ground nesters had larger clutches, shorter incubation periods and faster chick development rates than non-ground nesters. This variation was possibly driven by higher predation rates on nestlings and adult birds in ground nesting species. Our study lays a foundation for a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms and processes that have driven macroevolution of ground nesting behaviour in the most species-rich extant avian lineage.</p>
Data from: Cover, not caging, influences chronic physiological stress in a ground-nesting bird
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Data from: A ground-nesting Galliform’s response to thermal heterogeneity: Implications for ground-dwelling birds
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Data from: Escape distance in ground-nesting birds differs with individual level of camouflage
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Data for: Ground nesting in passerine birds: Evolution, biogeography and life history correlates
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.