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457 results for “growth regulation”
Data from: Positive selection in development and growth rate regulation genes involved in species divergence of the genus Radix
Background: Life history traits like developmental time, age and size at maturity are directly related to fitness in all organisms and play a major role in adaptive evolution and speciation processes. Comparative genomic or transcriptomic approaches to identify positively selected genes involved in species divergence can help to generate hypotheses on the driving forces behind speciation. Here we use a bottom-up approach to investigate this hypothesis by comparative analysis of orthologous transcripts of four closely related European Radix species. Results: Snails of the genus Radix occupy species specific distribution ranges with distinct climatic niches, indicating a potential for natural selection driven speciation based on ecological niche differentiation. We then inferred phylogenetic relationships among the four Radix species based on whole mt-genomes plus 23 nuclear loci. Three different tests to infer selection and changes in amino acid properties yielded a total of 134 genes with signatures of positive selection. The majority of these genes belonged to the functional gene ontology categories "reproduction" and "genitalia" with an overrepresentation of the functions "development" and "growth rate". Conclusions: We show here that Radix species divergence may be primarily enforced by selection on life history traits such as (larval-) development and growth rate. We thus hypothesise that life history differences may confer advantages under the according climate regimes, e.g., species occupying warmer and dryer habitats might have a fitness advantage with fast developing susceptible life stages, which are more tolerant to habitat desiccation.
The transcription factor PagLBD3 contributes to the regulation of secondary growth in Populus
<p>Lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) genes encode plant-specific transcription factors that participate in regulating various developmental processes. In this study, we genetically characterized PagLBD3 as an important regulator of secondary growth in Populus. Overexpression of PagLBD3 increased stem secondary growth in Populus with significantly higher rate of cambial cells differentiated into phloem, while dominant repression of PagLBD3 significantly decreased the rate of cambial cells differentiated into phloem. Furthermore, we identified 1756 PagLBD3 genome-wide putative direct target genes (DTGs) through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) coupled DNA affinity purification followed by sequencing (DAP-seq) assays. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that genes regulated by PagLBD3 were enriched in biological pathways regulating meristem development, xylem development, and auxin transport. Several central regulator genes for vascular development, including phloem intercalated with xylem (PXY), wuschel related homeobox4 (WOX4), Secondary Wall-Associated NAC Domain 1s (SND1-B2) and Vascular-Related NAC-Domain 6s (VND6-B1), were identified as PagLBD3 DTGs. Together, our results suggested that PagLBD3 and its DTGs form a complex transcriptional network to modulate cambium activity and phloem/xylem differentiation.</p>
Nutritional and Contractile Regulation of Muscle Growth
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00891696. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 48.
Data from: Environmental conditions and vascular cambium regulate carbon allocation to xylem growth in deciduous oaks
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Data from: Positive selection in development and growth rate regulation genes involved in species divergence of the genus Radix
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Data from: Compensatory growth in C. elegans is regulated by a thermosensitive TRP channel and increases reproductive fitness
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Data from: Differences in the regulation of growth and biomineralization genes revealed through long-term common garden acclimation and experimental genomics in the purple sea urchin
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The transcription factor PagLBD3 contributes to the regulation of secondary growth in Populus
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Data from: Activity-dependent regulation of Cdc42 by Ephexin5 drives synapse growth and stabilization
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Growth hormone pulses are differentially regulated by the circadian clock gene Bmal1
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Data from: Density regulation in Northeast Atlantic fish populations: density dependence is stronger in recruitment than in somatic growth
1. Population regulation is a central concept in ecology, yet in many cases its presence and the underlying mechanisms are difficult to demonstrate. The current paradigm maintains that marine fish populations are predominantly regulated by density-dependent recruitment. 2. While it is known that density-dependent somatic growth can be present too, its general importance is unknown and most practical applications neglect it. This study aimed to close this gap by for the first time quantifying and comparing density dependence in growth and recruitment over a large set of fish populations. 3. We fitted density-dependent models to time series data on population size, recruitment and age-specific weight from commercially exploited fish populations in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic Sea. Data were standardised to enable a direct comparison within and among populations, and estimated parameters were used to quantify the impact of density regulation on population biomass. 4. Statistically significant density dependence in recruitment was detected in a large proportion of populations (70%) whereas for density dependence in somatic growth the prevalence of density dependence depended heavily on the method (26% and 69%). Despite age-dependent variability, the density dependence in recruitment was consistently stronger among age groups and between alternative approaches that use weight-at-age or weight increments to assess growth. Estimates of density-dependent reduction of biomass underlined these results: 97% of populations with statistically significant parameters for growth and recruitment showed a larger impact of density-dependent recruitment on population biomass. 5. The results reaffirm the importance of density-dependent recruitment in marine fishes, yet they also show that density dependence in somatic growth is not uncommon. Further, the results are important from an applied perspective because density dependence in somatic growth affects productivity and catch composition, and therefore the benefits of maintaining fish populations at specific densities.
Data from: Constitutive and herbivore-induced plant defenses regulate herbivore population growth
1. Induced plant defenses regulated by the phytohormones jasmonic acid and salicylic acid are predicted to influence herbivore population dynamics, in part because they can operate in a density-dependent manner. While there is ample evidence that induced plant responses affect individual performance and growth of herbivores, whether they scale-up to regulate herbivore population dynamics is still unclear. 2. We evaluated the consequences of variation in plant defenses and herbivore density on herbivore development, reproduction and density-dependent population growth. We investigated potential mechanisms affecting the strength of herbivore density-dependent processes by manipulating jasmonate expression, quantifying plant defensive traits (phytohormones jasmonic acid and salicylic acid and serine proteinase inhibitors) and adding aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) at different densities to plants to simulate different initial population density and herbivore load. We manipulated jasmonate defenses by using genetically modified lines of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) with elevated or suppressed jasmonate-dependent defenses. Jasmonate-insensitive plants cannot induce the jasmonic acid pathway, while jasmonate-overexpressing plants constitutively express jasmonate-dependent defenses. 3. We found that jasmonate defenses provided resistance against aphids and influenced density-dependent processes. Jasmonate-overexpressing plants reduced aphid reproduction, prolonged developmental time, dampened aphid populations across all aphid densities, and caused density-independent aphid population growth. Aphid feeding on jasmonate-overexpressing plants did not activate the salicylic acid pathway, thus on this plant line jasmonate defenses affected aphid responses. In contrast, jasmonate-insensitive plants increased aphid reproduction, shortened the developmental time, reduced population growth only at high initial densities, and promoted strong negative density-dependent population growth. Aphid feeding on jasmonate-insensitive plants did not induce jasmonate-dependent defenses, but induced the salicylic acid pathway in a density-dependent manner, which resulted in negative density-dependent aphid population growth. 4. Aphid feeding on jasmonate-insensitive and overexpressing plant differentially activated the salicylate pathway, revealing a negative crosstalk between the defensive phytohormones jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. By muting or enhancing jasmonate-mediated responses and quantifying salicylic acid phytohormone induction, we demonstrated that plant defenses are a key factor driving not only the performance, but also the density dependence processes of herbivore populations.
Fig. 1 in Computational insight into the chemical space of plant growth regulators
Fig. 1. Representative examples of phytohormones.
Fig. 5 in Computational insight into the chemical space of plant growth regulators
Fig. 5. The representative examples of the reference scaffolds.
Fig. 2 in Computational insight into the chemical space of plant growth regulators
Fig. 2. The mechanisms of action for herbicides (examples).
Figure 1 in Effect of three insect growth regulators on certain biological aspects of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Figure 1. Mean developmental period of Rhyzopertha dominica on wheat grains treated with different concentrations of insect growth regulators (IGRs).
Figure 2 in Effect of three insect growth regulators on certain biological aspects of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Figure 2. Mean percent weight loss in wheat treated with different concentrations of insect growth regulators (IGRs).
Role of Endogenous Estrogen in Growth-Hormone Regulation in Postmenopausal Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01186796. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Growth Hormone as a Determinant of Weight Regulation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00355784. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
FGF-23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 23) Regulation in Chronic Kidney Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00999037. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.