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76 results for “habitat loss”

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dryad32/100

Data from: Stepping-stone expansion and habitat loss explain a peculiar genetic structure and distribution of a forest insect

It is challenging to unravel the history of organisms with highly scattered populations. Such species may have fragmented distributions because extant populations are remnants of a previously more continuous range, or because the species has narrow habitat requirements in combination with good dispersal capacity (naturally or vector borne). The northern pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pinivora has a scattered distribution with fragmented populations in two separate regions, northern and south-western Europe. The aims of this study were to explore the glacial and postglacial history of T. pinivora, and add to the understanding of its current distribution and level of contemporary gene flow. We surveyed published records of its occurrence and analysed individuals from a representative subset of populations across the range. A 633 bp long fragment of the mtDNA COI gene was sequenced and nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were genotyped. Only nine nucleotide sites were polymorphic in the COI gene and 90% of the individuals from across its whole range shared the same haplotype. The microsatellite diversity gradually declined towards the north, and unique alleles were found in only three of the northern and three of southern sites. Genetic structuring did not indicate complete isolation among regions, but an increase of genetic isolation by geographic distance. Approximate Bayesian model choice suggested recent divergence during the postglacial period, but glacial refugia remain unidentified. The progressive reduction of suitable habitats is suggested to explain the genetic structure of the populations and we suggest that T. pinivora is a cold-tolerant relict species, with situation-dependent dispersal.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

zenodo32/100

Variation in species' dispersal capacities amplifies effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity loss

Simulation data and model belonging to the manuscript 'Variation in species’ dispersal capacities amplifies effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity loss', by Monique de Jager and Edwin Pos. The folder 'Generated data' holds the generated simulation data. The folder 'Model' contains the 2-dimensional, semi-spatial, near-neutral, individual-based model. A description of the model can be found in the file 'README.md'.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

dryad32/100

Crowding after sudden habitat loss affects demography and social structure in a bat population

1. The sudden loss of habitats due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances causes displacement of mobile animals from affected areas to refuge habitats, where large but often transitory concentrations of individuals may occur. While these local density increases have been previously described, the hypothesis that crowding disrupts demographic processes remains largely untested. 2. Here we used the sudden flooding of a river valley by a hydroelectric reservoir as a quasi-experiment to investigate the consequences of crowding on demography, fecundity, and social structure in the European free-tailed bat (Tadarida teniotis). 3. We monitored bat populations at roosts near and far from the flooded area, before (2013-2014), during (2015) and after (2016) habitat flooding. We assessed population demographic parameters using Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) models (3821 PIT-tagged individuals), and used genetic relatedness among individuals (1407 individuals genotyped for 14 microsatellite markers) to infer changes in social structure. 4. Habitat loss through flooding was associated with significant but transitory increases in the number of bats using nearby roosts. This may be related to the higher probability of individuals arriving at those roosts during flooding, together with increases in individual local residency through time, particularly among males. Individual apparent survival was highest during flooding and lowest in the following year, while the probability of leaving a roost safe from flooding was higher near the impact area than farther away. Crowding did not negatively affect fecundity, but the arrival of new individuals led to changes in social structure as revealed by lower genetic relatedness between individuals after disturbance at roosts near the flooding area, but not in those farther afield. 5. Our study documents a clear example of crowding effects, suggesting that bats losing roosts due to a hydroelectric reservoir moved to alternative roosts, where local increases in population size and the arrival of new individuals reduced genetic relatedness and apparent survival, but not fecundity. These results support the hypothesis that crowding after habitat loss can disrupt population processes, even though effects may be subtle and short-lived. Also, they point out the need to duly consider crowding effects when assessing and mitigating anthropogenic impacts on animal populations.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Habitat loss increases seasonal interaction rewiring in plant-pollinator networks

Understanding the flexibility of interactions and network rewiring (i.e. reassembly of interactions due to partner-switching) is necessary to comprehend how future anthropogenic changes will affect interspecific interactions and the functioning of communities. A higher rewiring could be expected in more disturbed landscapes because these landscapes contain fewer and more generalist species with more homogeneous traits. We sampled pollination interactions in 20 wild Olea europaea communities along a disturbance gradient to evaluate the hypothesis that the loss of natural habitats increases seasonal (within-year) interaction rewiring in plant-pollinator communities, influencing their functional structure. For this, we particularly tested whether rewiring frequency was negatively related to the extent of natural habitats surrounding the communities, whether interaction rewiring influenced the static structure of networks (nestedness, network specialization –H2'–), and whether a high generalization (low specialization –d'–) and abundance of species in communities made them more prone to rewiring. We show that habitat loss increased seasonal interaction rewiring in networks. Changes in rewiring were related to changes in the cumulative static structure of pollination networks. Nestedness decreased and network specialization (H2') also tended to decrease as interaction rewiring increased, suggesting an indirect effect of habitat loss on the robustness of networks through their dynamics. As expected, generalist insect and plant species were more prone to rewiring. However, flower abundance had different effects on the rewiring probability of plant species depending on the extent of habitat loss, with abundant species rewiring more in disturbed communities and rewiring less in more natural communities. Likely, this is related to the context-dependent foraging behaviour of pollinators, which may switch to more abundant species if the cost of searching for trait-matching resources is high in disturbed habitats. Our work shows the role of partner-switching in generalist species to adapt to new conditions. It also highlights the importance of going beyond general network metrics to understand the underlying processes of community-level interaction assembly, and predict and anticipate the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on pollination services.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

zenodo32/100

Data from: Sea-level rise causes feeding habitat loss for migratory shorebirds in remote coastal wetlands of Brazilian Amazon.

Data supporting the results in "Sea-level rise causes feeding habitat loss for migratory shorebirds in remote coastal wetlands of Brazilian Amazon."

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Density-dependent dispersal strategy of pollinator moderates the adverse effect of habitat loss on plant reproduction

1. Major challenges for plant conservation are predicting the effect of habitat loss on pollination success and plant reproduction potential. Most studies report that pollinator movement is affected by quantitative and spatial characteristics of landscapes. However, little is known about the role of pollinator movement, impacted by floral volatiles and intraspecies interaction, on plant reproduction in fragmented landscapes. 2. To clarify the effect of pollinator movement on plant reproduction relative to habitat loss, we developed an integrated model incorporating pollinator's foraging response with its dispersal process mediated by a density-dependent dispersal (DDD) strategy. This model performed better in capturing behaviorals response of pollinators than do current methods. The integrated model was verified with field results of pollinator visitation and plant reproduction of saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) inhabiting the Yellow River Delta, and then was compared against a dispersal strategy called density-independent dispersal (DID). The model was applied to landscapes with various non-habitat percentage (NHP) to explore the effect of habitat loss on plant reproduction. 3. Results suggested that saltcedar populations differ in their responses to habitat loss, which depended on the spatial scales considered. At landscape scale, increasing NHP significantly inhibited the dispersion extent of floral volatiles and therefore reduced pollinator visitation and subsequent seed production, especially when NHP exceeded the critical threshold of 0.6. However, at patch scale, comparing with DID strategy, the DDD strategy enabled pollinators to increase their utilization of flowers by 43.42% and 6.79% in low-density and distant plant patches, whereas their utilization was reduced by 7.75% and 2.24% in high-density and central patches, respectively. Plant reproduction was improved correspondingly in low-density and distant patches under different NHPs. 4. Consequently, habitat loss inhibits the volatiles dispersion and interferes with the foraging success of pollinators, a major factor influencing plant reproduction at landscape scale. At patch scale, adaptive utilization of pollinators exhibiting DDD strategy alleviates the negative effect of habitat loss on plant production and maintains plant population persistence. Since pollinator behavioral response is critical to plant reproduction, we recommend the use of the here-presented integrated model to assess the impact of habitat loss on plant reproduction.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

zenodo32/100

Neutral model data from "Fragmentation mitigates biodiversity loss immediately after habitat destruction"

Raw community data from the manuscript "Fragmentation mitigates biodiversity loss immediately after habitat destruction." The folder contains text files of raw community data from the neutral model. Filenames contain the parameter values used in the simulation of that community. In the text files, each number is a different species and its position in the vector indicates its x, y coordinate in the 2D map. See <a href="https://github.com/cmsmith91/fragmentation/blob/main/python_code/neutral_mod-amarel15june2021.py">code</a> in the manuscript github repository.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

dryad32/100