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128 results for “habitat types”
Juvenile salmon growth across different habitat types in Central Valley, CA
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The contribution of semi-natural habitats to biological control is dependent on sentinel prey type
<ol> <li>It is widely recognized that landscape factors affect the biological control of weed seeds and insect pests in arable crops, but landscape effects have been found to be inconsistent between studies.</li> <li>Here, we compare six different types of sentinels (s<span>urrogate prey that was either live insects or seeds) to measure the effects of semi-natural habitats at field to landscape scales on levels of biological control in winter wheat in the UK. Sentinels were located in fields adjacent to three boundary types: grassy margin, hedgerows or woodland to study local scale effects and in landscapes of varying heterogeneity in study areas of 1 km radius. </span> </li> <li> <span>Overall mean levels of predation were higher for most insect prey (60.8%) located on the ground compared to the crop (12.2%) and was lower for seeds (5.8%). Predation of sentinels on the ground was attributed to generalist predators. <a name="_Hlk24705886">Semi-natural habitats had both positive and negative effects at field and landscape scales, but the response varied with the sentinel type.</a><a name="_Hlk12869057"> Herbaceous linear semi-natural habitats had positive effects at local scales for <i>Calliphora vomitoria </i>and <i>Sitobion avenae </i>sentinels and provides </a></span><span>evidence that farmers can introduce linear herbaceous features to benefit biological control. In contrast o</span><span>ur distance weighted kernel models identified a positive relationship between woody habitats and the predation of <i>Caliphora vomitoria </i>and<i> Chenopodium album</i>. Natural aphid infestations were lower in landscapes with more semi-natural habitat. </span> </li> <li> <i><span>Synthesis and applications. </span></i><span>Sentinels may be sensitive enough to detect variation in levels of biological control influenced by semi-natural habitats, but this study confirms that landscape effects differ for different types of sentinel prey. This implies that it may not be possible to categorize landscapes as pest suppressive using a single sentinel type. Future studies should therefore consider </span>using multiple sentinels to give a better perspective on predation intensity. The resulting recommendations for farm management include <span>planting woodland adjacent wheat fields infested with seed predators and positioning herbaceous linear habitats adjacent wheat fields infested with <i>Sitobion Avenae</i>, particularly if fields are bordered by woody liner habitats due to their association with decreased <i>Sitobion Avenae </i>predation.</span> </li> </ol>
Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) fledglings use crop habitat more frequently in relation to its availability than pasture and other habitat types
Populations of birds that forage on aerial insects have been declining across North America for several decades, but the main causes of and reasons for geographical variation in these declines remains unclear. We examined the habitat use and survival of post-fledging Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica), near Vancouver, BC, Canada using VHF radio telemetry. We predicted that fledgling Barn Swallows hatched in higher quality natal habitat (pasture) would fledge at higher quality, stay closest to the nest, disproportionately use higher-quality habitat during the post-fledge stage and have higher survival rates in the region. Contrary to our predictions, we found that natal habitat (crop, pasture or non-agriculture) had no effect on fledgling quality or movement distance. Barn Swallow fledglings used crop habitat more frequently in relation to its availability than other habitat types, including pasture. Barn Swallows had low post-fledging survival rates (0.44; 95% CI: 0.35-0.57), which could negatively influence the population trend of the species in this region. While natal habitat had only minor effects, crop habitat appears to be important for fledgling Barn Swallows and therefore a decline in this habitat type could have further negative implications for an already declining species.
Butterfly community composition within a tropical urban landscape is influenced by habitat type and temperature
<p>The specific factors that influence spatial community or population dynamics are often elusive, and even less known is the impact of tropical urban landscapes on diverse species community assemblages. To address this knowledge gap, we used a survey data set with 510 fruit‐feeding butterflies comprising 20 species across two heterogeneous habitats within a city in Nigeria. Next, we constructed generalised linear mixed models to understand the differential responses of the butterfly community to changes in environmental conditions across habitats. Butterfly species community assemblages significantly differed between the two urban habitats, with butterfly species significantly higher in the savannah woodland compared with the gallery forest due to the optimal daily temperatures of the savannah woodland. However, butterfly richness was lower in the gallery forest due to extreme environmental conditions. This study highlights that butterfly community changes in tropical urban landscapes are possibly responding to local microclimates and spatial heterogeneity across habitats. For evidence‐based conservation management of tropical butterfly biodiversity, there would be a need for a long‐term, extensive and systematic insect monitoring programme for butterflies across disturbed and undisturbed fragmented habitats harbouring diverse insect species.</p>
Figure 4. Regression between senescence leaf N in Foliar resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in Alcea apterocarpa (Malvaceae) in different habitats types
Figure 4. Regression between senescence leaf N/P ratio and RE and RP of A. apterocarpa.
Figure 3. Regression between green leaf N in Foliar resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in Alcea apterocarpa (Malvaceae) in different habitats types
Figure 3. Regression between green leaf N/P ratio and RE and RP of A. apterocarpa.
Reduced genetic diversity associated with the northern expansion of an amphibian species with high habitat-specialization, Ascaphus truei, resolved using two types of genetic markers
<p>Reconstruction of historical relationships between geographic regions within a species' range can indicate dispersal patterns and help predict future responses to shifts in climate. <em>Ascaphus truei </em>(coastal tailed frog) is an indicator species of the health of forests and perennial streams in the Coastal and Cascade Mountains of the Pacific Northwest of North America. We used two genetic techniques — microsatellite and genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) — to compare the within region genetic diversity of populations near the northern extent of the species' range (British Columbia, Canada) to two geographic regions in British Columbia and two in Washington, USA, moving towards the core of the range. Allelic richness and heterozygosity declined substantially as latitude increased. The northernmost region had the lowest mean expected heterozygosities for both techniques (microsatellite, M = 0.20, SE = 0.080; GBS, M = 0.025, SE = 0.0010) and the southernmost region had the highest (microsatellite, M = 0.88, SE = 0.054; GBS, M = 0.20, SE = 0.0029). The northernmost regions (NC and MC) clustered together in population structure models for both genetic techniques. Our discovery of reduced diversity may have important conservation and management implications for population connectivity and the response of <em>A. truei</em> to climate change.</p>
Different types of semi-natural habitat are required to sustain diverse wild bee communities across agricultural landscapes
<p><span>1. Semi-natural habitats provide important resources for wild bees in agricultural landscapes. Landscapes under management are dynamic and floral resources fluctuate in space and time. Thus, promoting different semi-natural habitat types within landscapes could be key to support diverse bee meta-communities throughout the season.</span></p> <p><span>2. Here, we integrate analyses of </span><span>a</span><span>-diversity (species richness) and </span><span>b</span><span>-diversity and species-habitat networks to examine the relative contribution of all major semi-natural habitats to wild bee meta-communities in agricultural landscapes. We sampled extensively and conventionally managed meadows, flower strips, hedgerows and forest edges in spring, early and late summer in 25 landscapes in Switzerland. </span></p> <p><span>3. Habitat types varied in their importance for wild bees throughout the season: While extensively managed meadows supported more rare species, habitat specialists and bee species overall than the other habitat types, flower strips were most important later in the season. Each of the five investigated habitat types harboured relatively unique sets of species with different habitats generally acting as distinct modules in the overall bee-habitat network. </span></p> <p><span>4. Not only flower richness in a habitat per se, but also flower-habitat network properties (habitat strength and functional complementarity) were good predictors of wild bee richness. In addition to local floral richness, landscape composition and configuration interactively influenced </span><span>b</span><span>-diversity patterns across habitats.</span></p> <p><span>5. Synthesis and applications</span><span>. Our study highlights the value of pollinator-habitat network analysis to inform pollinator conservation management at the landscape scale, especially when combined with information on floral resources and flower-habitat networks. Maintaining different types of semi-natural habitats offers diverse and complementary resources throughout the season, which are crucial to sustain diverse wild bee meta-communities in agricultural landscapes. Particularly meadow extensification schemes can play a key role in safeguarding rare and specialist species in these landscapes. While locally a high flower richness promoted bee abundance and richness in general, our results indicate that increasing connectivity between habitat patches in landscapes dominated by arable crops appears to improve species exchange between local bee communities of different habitats, thereby possibly increasing their resilience to disturbances.</span></p>
Fig. 6 in Occurrence And Abundance Of Invasive And Native Arion Slugs In Three Types Of Habitats In Urban Area Of Wrocław (Sw Poland)
Fig. 6. Number and proportion of A. vulgaris, A. rufus and hybrids found in sites studied
Dataset for "Assessing the exposure of forest habitat types to projected climate change – implications for Bavarian protected areas"
<p>This dataset relates to the publication C. Steinacker, C. Beierkuhnlein, A. Jaeschke (2019), "Assessing the exposure of forest habitat types to projected climate change—Implications for Bavarian protected areas", Ecology and Evolution. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5877"> 10.1002/ece3.5877</a>.</p> <p>The file contains:</p> <ul> <li>the R script,</li> <li>the model outputs (raster data of projected distribution of habitat types),</li> <li>the results of the range change analysis,</li> <li>the protected area shapefile with information on the elevational range inside of them and their projected environmental suitability for the corresponding habitat types.</li> </ul> <p>The products build on freely available data (e.g. distribution data from the EEA under the Habitats Directive). All data sources are cited in the related publication. Methodologically, we applied correlative species distribution models and further spatial and geostatistical analyses. We used R (e.g. biomod2-package) as well as GIS-software to conduct the analyses. More detailed descriptions of the methodology are placed in the publication.</p>
Figure 6 in Ecological and faunistic features of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in different types of habitats in the Dinaric karst area (Central Croatia)
Figure 6. Dobra - spring (D1). A) before channelization (2010), B) after channelization (2020).
Figure 1 in Ecological and faunistic features of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in different types of habitats in the Dinaric karst area (Central Croatia)
Figure 1. Map of the study area with sampling sites which correspond to the list in Tab. 1.
Data from: Bat activity is related to habitat type and structure in managed pine barrens in New England
<p><strong>Background. </strong>Several insectivorous bat species are found in New England, yet research on them is still scarce. Current research shows the ecological importance of bats due to their control of insect populations, but they are endangered by habitat loss and White Nose Syndrome, among other threats. Pine barrens are an uncommon ecosystem found in New England that supports other rare taxa and could be important for these bat species.</p> <p><strong>Methods. </strong>With hand-held audio recorders, we surveyed for bats in Montague Plains Wildlife Management Area in Massachusetts and Concord Pine Barrens in New Hampshire in June 2022. Our study objectives were to 1) describe the most common bat species and 2) compare bat activity across different habitat types at two managed pine barrens in New England. In particular, we examined bat activity related to habitat type (scrub oak, mature pitch pine, treated pitch pine, hardwood forest), habitat structure (i.e., canopy closure), and time since prescribed fire. We analyzed our data through linear mixed effects modeling and Fisher’s exact tests.</p> <p><strong>Results. </strong>Overall, we were able to measure the presence of five out of the nine total species found in the area, including the endangered <em>Myotis lucifugus</em> (little brown bat). We recorded 293 bat calls, with the majority of calls from big brown bats (71%). We found significant differences (P < 0.05) in bat activity in relation to habitat types and structure. The index of bat activity was greatest in pitch pine and hardwood forests and lowest in scrub oak and treated pitch pine habitats. With preliminary data, we also found that there was more bat activity in areas that had not been burned recently.</p> <p><strong>Discussion.</strong> These findings demonstrate the importance of pine barrens as an ecosystem that supports bats in New England. According to the activity of bats in our study, closed canopy and mature pitch pine habitats may be prioritized in conservation efforts at managed barrens for bat species. Further research is recommended to better understand the relationship between prescribed fires, which are common in managed barrens, and bat activity.</p>
Local habitat type influences bumble bee pathogen loads and bee species distribution
<p>Bumble bees (<em>Bombus </em>spp.) perform important ecological services in both managed and natural ecosystems. Anthropogenically-induced change, however, has altered the availability of floral resources, climatic suitability, and exposure to insecticides, factors that impact overall health and disease levels in these bees. Habitat management presents a solution for improving bee health and biodiversity, but this requires better understanding of how different pathogens and bee species respond to habitat conditions. Herein, we take advantage of the washboard of repeated ridges (forested) and valleys (mostly unforested and developed) in central Pennsylvania to examine whether local variation in habitat type and other landscape factors influence bumble bee community composition and the levels of four leading pathogens in the common eastern bumble bee, <em>Bombus impatiens</em>. Loads of viral pathogens (deformed wing virus and black queen cell virus) were found to be lowest in forest habitats, whereas loads of a gut parasite, <em>Crithidia bombi</em>, were highest in forests. Ridgetop forests hosted the most diverse bumble bee communities, including several habitat specialists. <em>B. impatiens</em> was most abundant in valleys, and showed higher incidence in areas of greater disturbance, including more developed, unforested, and lower floral resource sites, a pattern that mirrors its success in the face of anthropogenic change. Additionally, DNA barcoding revealed that <em>B. sandersoni</em> is much more common than is apparent from databases, likely due to misidentification as mimics <em>B. perplexus</em> and <em>B. vagans</em>. Our results provide evidence that habitat type can play a large role in pathogen load dynamics, but in ways that differ by pathogen type, and point to a need for consideration of habitat at both macro-ecological and local spatial scale</p>
Reduced genetic diversity associated with the northern expansion of an amphibian species with high habitat-specialization, Ascaphus truei, resolved using two types of genetic markers
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Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) fledglings use crop habitat more frequently in relation to its availability than pasture and other habitat types
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Habitat type drives the distribution of non-indigenous species in fouling communities regardless of associated maritime traffic
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Different types of semi-natural habitat are required to sustain diverse wild bee communities across agricultural landscapes
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Data from: Land use type, forest cover, and forest edges modulate avian cross-habitat spillover
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Butterfly community composition within a tropical urban landscape is influenced by habitat type and temperature
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.