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Text-fig. 20. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a) and scanning electron microscope (SEM, b–h) images of fruits of Appomattoxia sp. (a–d) and anther and pollen of Goczania rugosa (e–h); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Surface rendering of fruit in lateral view showing densely spaced hairs, some with delicate coiled tips; b) Fruit in lateral view showing short, densely spaced hairs and apical stigmatic region; c, d) Detail of fruit surface and hairs from fruit in (b); e) Fragmentary anther showing four pollen sacs; f) Proximal view of pollen grains from an abraded anther showing microechinate surface of pollen wall and clusters of small, spiny orbicules; g, h) Proximal (g) and distal (h) views of pollen grains from an isolated pollen sac, showing short colpus (h), tectate pollen wall and microechinate surface ornamentation. Specimens, Catefica 49-S174913 (a), Catefica 49-S107794 (b–d), Catefica 50-S170391 (e), Catefica 49-S170138 (f), Catefica 49-S170143 (g, h). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b, e), 100 Μm (c), 50 Μm (d), 6 Μm (f–h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 20. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a) and scanning electron microscope (SEM, b–h) images of fruits of Appomattoxia sp. (a–d) and anther and pollen of Goczania rugosa (e–h); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Surface rendering of fruit in lateral view showing densely spaced hairs, some with delicate coiled tips; b) Fruit in lateral view showing short, densely spaced hairs and apical stigmatic region; c, d) Detail of fruit surface and hairs from fruit in (b); e) Fragmentary anther showing four pollen sacs; f) Proximal view of pollen grains from an abraded anther showing microechinate surface of pollen wall and clusters of small, spiny orbicules; g, h) Proximal (g) and distal (h) views of pollen grains from an isolated pollen sac, showing short colpus (h), tectate pollen wall and microechinate surface ornamentation. Specimens, Catefica 49-S174913 (a), Catefica 49-S107794 (b–d), Catefica 50-S170391 (e), Catefica 49-S170138 (f), Catefica 49-S170143 (g, h). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b, e), 100 Μm (c), 50 Μm (d), 6 Μm (f–h).
Asymmetric mechanotransduction by hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line (Part 1/2)
<p>In the lateral line system, water motion is detected by neuromast organs, fundamental units that are arrayed on a fish's surface. Each neuromast contains hair cells, specialized mechanoreceptors that convert mechanical stimuli, in the form of water movement, into electrical signals. The orientation of hair cells' mechanosensitive structures ensures that the opening of mechanically-gated channels is maximal when deflected in a single direction. In each neuromast organ, hair cells have two opposing orientations, enabling bi-directional detection of water movement. Interestingly, Tmc2b and Tmc2a proteins, which constitute the mechanotransduction channels in neuromasts, distribute asymmetrically so that Tmc2a is expressed in hair cells of only one orientation. Here, using both<em> in vivo</em> recording of extracellular potentials and calcium imaging of neuromasts, we demonstrate that hair cells of one orientation have larger mechanosensitive responses. The associated afferent neuron processes that innervate neuromast hair cells faithfully preserve this functional difference. Moreover, Emx2, a transcription factor required for the formation of hair cells with opposing orientations, is necessary to establish this functional asymmetry within neuromasts. Remarkably, loss of Tmc2a does not impact hair cell orientation but abolishes the functional asymmetry as measured by recording extracellular potentials and calcium imaging. Overall, our work indicates that oppositely oriented hair cells within a neuromast employ different proteins to alter mechanotransduction to sense the direction of water motion.</p>
Asymmetric mechanotransduction by hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line (Part 2/2)
<p>In the lateral line system, water motion is detected by neuromast organs, fundamental units that are arrayed on a fish's surface. Each neuromast contains hair cells, specialized mechanoreceptors that convert mechanical stimuli, in the form of water movement, into electrical signals. The orientation of hair cells' mechanosensitive structures ensures that the opening of mechanically-gated channels is maximal when deflected in a single direction. In each neuromast organ, hair cells have two opposing orientations, enabling bi-directional detection of water movement. Interestingly, Tmc2b and Tmc2a proteins, which constitute the mechanotransduction channels in neuromasts, distribute asymmetrically so that Tmc2a is expressed in hair cells of only one orientation. Here, using both<em> in vivo</em> recording of extracellular potentials and calcium imaging of neuromasts, we demonstrate that hair cells of one orientation have larger mechanosensitive responses. The associated afferent neuron processes that innervate neuromast hair cells faithfully preserve this functional difference. Moreover, Emx2, a transcription factor required for the formation of hair cells with opposing orientations, is necessary to establish this functional asymmetry within neuromasts. Remarkably, loss of Tmc2a does not impact hair cell orientation but abolishes the functional asymmetry as measured by recording extracellular potentials and calcium imaging. Overall, our work indicates that oppositely oriented hair cells within a neuromast employ different proteins to alter mechanotransduction to sense the direction of water motion.</p>
Protective role of Pyrroloquinoline quinone against gentamicin induced cochlear hair cell ototoxicity
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Gentamicin(GM) is one of the commonly used antibiotics in the aminoglycoside class but ototoxicity as a side effect constantly impacts the quality of human life. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a redox cofactor produced by bacteria was found in soil and foods that exert an antioxidant and redox modulator. It is well documented that the PQQ can alleviate inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity. However, our understanding of PQQ in ototoxicity remains unclear. We reported that PQQ could protect against GM-induced ototoxicity in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells<em> in vitro</em>. To evaluate reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial function, ROS and JC-1 staining, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) measurements in living cells, mitochondrial dynamics analysis was performed. GM-mediated damage by reducing the production of ROS and inhibiting mitochondria biogenesis and dynamics. PQQ ameliorated the cellular oxidative stress, and recovered mitochondrial membrane potential, facilitating the recovery of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Our <em>in vitro</em> findings improve our understanding of GM-induced ototoxicity with therapeutic implications for PQQ.</p>
Study Evaluating the Effects of Dietary Supplement on Hair Thickness and Hair Strength in Individuals With Self-Perceived Thinning Hair
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06605768. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Establishing Novel Antiretroviral Imaging for Hair to Elucidate Non-Adherence (ENLIGHTEN)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04232540. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Presynaptic Nrxn3 is essential for ribbon-synapse maturation in hair cells
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Data from: 3D morphology of an outer-hair-cell hair bundle increases its displacement and dynamic range
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Data from: Complexes of vertebrate TMC1/2 and CIB2/3 proteins form hair-cell mechanotransduction cation channels
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Contributions of mirror-image hair cell orientation to mouse otolith organ and zebrafish neuromast function: Part 2/2, Hair cell and afferent physiology from mouse utricle
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Asymmetric mechanotransduction by hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line (Part 2/2)
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Asymmetric mechanotransduction by hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line (Part 1/2)
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Data from: Contributions of mirror-image hair cell orientation to mouse otolith organ and zebrafish neuromast function: Part 1/2, Zebrafish data
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Data from: Kif1a and intact microtubules maintain synaptic-vesicle populations at ribbon synapses in zebrafish hair cells
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Posterior margin of epigyne indented and without central haired band (7c in A revision of the African wolf spider genus Amblyothele Simon
Posterior margin of epigyne indented and without central haired band (7c
Hair clip
Inventory number: MT-E/3685/86 District Museum in Tarnów https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/1286 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figs 1–2 in The Philippine hair wax spiders and their relatives: revision of the Pholcus bicornutus species group (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Figs 1–2. Known distributions of the two subgroups of the Pholcus bicornutus species group.
Data from: Hair and plasma cortisol throughout the first three years of development in infant rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta
<p>Cortisol expression has been demonstrated to have variation across development in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). There exists contradictory evidence for the nature of this change, and age at which it occurs, across biological sample types. Consequently, we lack a cohesive understanding for cortisol concentrations across the development of a major human health translational model. We examined hair cortisol concentrations over the first three years of life for 49 mother-reared infant macaques from mixed-sex outdoor units at the California National Primate Research Center. For 48 of these subjects at infancy, one year, and two years, we obtained plasma cortisol samples for: response to a stressor, adjustment to prolonged stress, and response to dexamethasone injection. Hair cortisol concentrations decreased dramatically between three and ten months, followed by relative stability up to the final sampling event at around 34 months of age. Plasma cortisol showed within-year consistency, and consistency between infancy and year one. We document variability in the infant plasma cortisol samples, especially in percent change between samples one and two. Our plasma cortisol results indicate that infants possess the physiological capacity to effectively inhibit the release of cortisol when stimulated, as effectively as later responses in juveniles. Age-related changes in hair cortisol parallel findings indicating a large decline in the weeks following postparturation.</p>
Singing silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans)
<p class="MsoNormal">Characterizing sounds produced by animals can lead to better understanding of their behavioral ecology and conservation. While considerable focus has been on signals used by bats for echolocation, there has been less emphasis on nonecholocation sounds. We describe songs (i.e., acoustic vocalizations with distinctive syllable types in series or in complex motifs) produced by silver‐haired bat (<em>Lasionycteris noctivagans</em>). Songs, characterized by a sequence (song phrase) of 3 distinct vocalization types, were confirmed by observing free‐flying, silver‐haired bats at mine hibernacula in British Columbia, Canada. The song patterns were relatively consistent with each song phrase consisting of a lead call, followed by a droplet call, and finishing with a series of multiple chirp calls. The function of the songs is unknown, however, as other bat species produce songs for mating, we propose silver‐ aired bat songs may similarly be associated with courtship or mating. Alternative functions cannot be ruled out, particularly because we recorded some songs outside of the accepted mating period. Other research has determined peak mating of silver‐haired bats occurs in fall, and spring mating has been documented. Here we additionally provide evidence of winter mating in British Columbia. The proportion of silver‐haired bat songs recorded relative to echolocation recordings varied across locations and seasons. While we recorded songs in all months of the year, more than half of the songs were produced during winter, and 93.4% (of 1,857) were produced outside of summer months. Song production in summer could be associated with other behaviors such as learning or practice, establishing or maintaining social bonds, or male‐male competition. To provide landscape and temporal context, we summarize acoustic datasets from numerous locations in western North America where recordings were made between 2005 and 2022.</p>
A golden-haired girl - Frymburk
A golden-haired girl wooden statue. Wood sculpture show "We cut wood for children 2014" (CZ: Řežem dětem 2014) Frymburk. Jan Švadlenka - native from Prague Bulovka, active young footballer (Slavia Praha), now sculptor, poet, lyricist. As a wood-chef, he is devoted mainly to large-scale sculptures. Some of his works can also be seen in the film (Post Coitum, Bathory). A good reference or gameobject to a computer game. Photogrammetry from 145 photos. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.