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91 results for “heterochrony”
Data from: To hatch and hatch not: Rejecting the hypothesis that heterochrony in vestibular mechanosensing explains poor escape-hatching success of Agalychnis spurrelli in snake attacks compared with its congener A. callidryas
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Data from: Mosaic heterochrony and evolutionary modularity: the trilobite genus Zacanthopsis as a case study
Logical connections exist between evolutionary modularity and heterochrony, two unifying and structuring themes in the expanding field of evolutionary developmental biology. The former sees complex phenotypes as being made up of semi-independent units of evolutionary transformation; the latter requires such a modular organization of phenotypes to occur in a localized or mosaic fashion. This conceptual relationship is illustrated here by analyzing the evolutionary changes in the cranidial ontogeny of two related species of Cambrian trilobites. With arguments from comparative developmental genetics and functional morphology, we delineate putative evolutionary modules within the cranidium and examine patterns of evolutionary changes in ontogeny at both global and local scales. Results support a case of mosaic heterochrony, i.e. a combination of local heterochronies affecting the different parts individuated in the cranidium, leading to the complex pattern of allometric repatterning observed at the global scale. Through this example, we show that recasting morphological analyses of complex phenotypes with a priori knowledge or hypotheses about their organizational and variational properties can significantly improve our interpretation and understanding of evolutionary changes among related taxa, fossil and extant. Such considerations open avenues to investigate the large-scale dynamics of modularity and its role in phenotypic evolution.
Data from: Heterochrony, dental ontogenetic diversity and the circumvention of constraints in marsupial mammals and extinct relatives
In marsupial mammals and their extinct relatives -collectively, metatherians- only the last premolar is replaced, but the timing of dental eruption is variable within the group. Our knowledge of fossils metatherians is limited, but is critical to understanding several aspects of the evolution and morphological diversification of this clade. We analyzed the sequence of eruption of 76 specimens of metatherians, including Sparassodonta, an extinct clade of specialized carnivores from South America. In Sparassodonta (1) the P3/p3 erupt simultaneously, in common with some didelphids (in other didelphids, p3 erupts before P3, whereas in the remaining didelphids, some peramelids, one caenolestid, and Pucadelphys this order is reversed); (2) the upper and lower molars at the same locus erupt more in synchrony than in other carnivorous metatherians in which the lower molars clearly precede the upper equivalents; (3) the upper canine in thylacosmilids and proborhyaenids is hypselodont; (4) species with similar molar morphologies have different morphologies of the deciduous premolars, suggesting diverse diets among the juveniles of different taxa; (5) deciduous teeth are functional for a long period of time, with thylacosmilids even retaining a functional DP3 in the permanent dentition. The retention of the DP3 and the hypertrophied and hypselodont upper canine of thylacosmilids represent clear heterochronic shifts. Specializations in the timing of dental eruption and in the deciduous tooth shape of sparassodonts are evolutionary mechanisms that circumvent constraints imposed by the metatherian replacement pattern and increase morphological disparity during ontogeny.
Data from: Anchors and snorkels: heterochrony, development and form in functionally-constrained fossil crassatellid bivalves
New growth-rate estimates for nine species from three genera of New Zealand Crassatellidae (Mollusca; Bivalvia), combined with existing morphometric ontogenetic descriptions, allow identification of heterochronic processes in the evolution of these genera. Both paedomorphosis (progenesis and neoteny) and peramorphosis (hypermorphosis and acceleration) have occurred within the clade. Overall, morphological variability and response to environmental pressure in this non-siphonate group is restricted by the interplay of anatomical and life-habit constraints. Stability in the substrate, predator avoidance, sluggish burrowing speed and inability to escape by deep burial are suggested as key drivers of, or constraints on, morphological change. Two groups of shell characters are identified: heavy, armoured "anchors" and elongate "snorkels", which combine juvenile and adult traits in shells of different sizes and ages, produced by heterochronic variation in developmental timing. Anchors and snorkels both represent different 'solutions' to the problems of life as a non-siphonate, infaunal bivalve.
FIGURE 14 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 14. Haplomesus angustus (male paratype ZMUC CRU5338). A, dorsal view; B, pleotelson ventral; C, lateral view (scale bar 1 mm).
FIGURE 15 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 15. Haplomesus tropicalis (female allotype AMNH 12063). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, maxilliped; D, lateral view; E, pereopod IV; F, pleotelson ventral; G, pereopod I (scale bar 1 mm).
FIGURE 12 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 12. Haplomesus celticensis (male paratypes juvenile AM P.71660, manca 3 AM P.71661). A, juvenile male body lateral; B, manca 3 male dorsal view; C, manca 3 male lateral view; D, juvenile male pleotelson ventral; E, manca 3 male pleotelson ventral (scale bar 0.5 mm).
FIGURE 13 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 13. Haplomesus angustus (male holotype ZMUC CRU5338), A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, pereopod VI; D, lateral view E, pleotelson ventral; F, maxilliped; G, antennula (scale bar 1 mm).
FIGURE 10 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 10. Haplomesus celticensis (male paratype mouthparts AM P.71667). A, maxilliped; B, maxilliped palp; C, maxilliped endite; D, maxillula; E, maxillula detail; F, paragnaths; G, H, maxillae; I, left mandible, J, left mandible detail; K, right mandible; L, right mandible detail (scale bars 0.1 mm).
FIGURE 11 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 11. Haplomesus celticensis (paratype male pleopods AM P.71666). A, pleopod I ventral; B, pleopod I ventral detail; C, pleopod I dorsal; D, pleopod II; E, pleopod II stylet; F, pleopod III; G, pleopod IV; H, pleopod V (scale bar 0.1 mm).
FIGURE 6 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 6. Haplomesus hanseni (male paratypes juvenile AM P.71669, manca 3 AM P.71670). A, juvenile lateral; B, juvenile ventral; C, manca 3 ventral; D, manca 3 lateral; E, juvenile pleotelson ventral; F, manca 3 pleotelson ventral (scale bar 0.5 mm).
FIGURE 9 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 9. Haplomesus celticensis (male paratype AM P.71659). A, dorsal view; B, antennula; C, head ventral; D, lateral view E, pereopod I; F, uropod; G, pleotelson ventral (scale bar 1 mm).
FIGURE 8 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 8. Haplomesus celticensis (female holotype AM P. 64985). A, antenna and antennula; B, pereopod I; C, D, body dorsal and lateral; E, pleotelson ventral (scale bars C, D, 1 mm; E, 0.5 mm).
FIGURE 7 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 7. Haplomesus hanseni (female holotype AM P.68182 (A,B), male paratypes AM P.71671 (C,D, E) A, lateral view; B, pereopod II; C, pereopod III; D, pereopod IV; E, pereopod V (scale bar 0.5 mm).
FIGURE 5 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 5. Haplomesus hanseni (male paratype pleopods AM P. 71711). A, pleopod I, ventral; B, pleopod I ventral detail; C, pleopod I dorsal detail; D, pleotelson ventral; E, pleopod II; F, pleopod III; G, pleopod IV; H, pleopod II stylet (scale bars D. 0.5 mm; A, E–G. 0.1 mm).
FIGURE 4 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 4. Haplomesus hanseni (male paratype mouthparts AM P.71712). A, maxilliped; B, maxillula; C, maxillula detail; D, maxilla; E, paragnaths; F, left mandible; G, left mandible detail; H, right mandible (scale bars 0.1 mm).
FIGURE 3 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 3. Haplomesus hanseni (male paratypes #1 AM P.71668 (A, B, D–H) #2 AM P.71771 (C)). A, dorsal view; B, antenna; C, head with antenna, flagellum detail; D, lateral view; E, pleotelson ventral; F, pleopod I ventral; G, pereopod I; H, head,ventral (scale bars A, B, D–H. 1 mm; C. 0.5 mm).
FIGURE 2 in Heterochrony in Haplomesus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Ischnomesidae): revision of two species and description of two new species
FIGURE 2. Haplomesus hanseni (female holotype AM P68182). A, dorsal view; B, head ventral; C, maxilliped; D, pereopod I; E, lateral view; F, antenna and antennula; G, pleotelson ventral (scale bar 1 mm).
Heterochrony structured theropod wing for flight and influenced its evolutionary paths
<p>The theropod forewing evolution could have been shaped by changes in developmental timing, as seen for the skull. Theropods leading to birds suffered miniaturization with forelimb lengthening attributed to heterochrony (changes in developmental timing and/or rate) which has never been strictly tested. Using phylogenetic analysis of growth series shape-change, we detected paramorphism in the paravian node as an immature wing resembling adult early-diverging theropods. The coinciding development of pennaceous feathers, longer wings, and mobile shoulders in the paravian common ancestor demonstrates a major reorganization of the forelimb just before flight appeared. Once flight evolved, heterochrony continued influencing wing evolution and the rapid early diversification of avian flight styles. Our study extends the role of heterochrony to the wings of theropods, playing a central role in flight evolution.</p>
Fig. 6 in Skeletogenesis and sequence heterochrony in rodent evolution, with particular emphasis on the African striped mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio (Mammalia)
Fig. 6 Camera lucida drawings of the right hand (shown at left) and foot, in dorsal views, of Rhabdomys pumilio. Autopodial elements: as = astragalus, ca = calcaneus, ce = centrale, dc = distal carpal, dt = distal tarsal, f = fibula, mc = metacarpal, mt = metatarsal, nv = navicular, pi = pisiform, r = radius, sc = scaphoid, u = ulna, t = tibia, tr = triquetrum. Scales: 2 mm
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