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63 results for “host-parasites interactions”
Diverse host-parasite interactions mediate seasonal ecosystem linkages
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Data from: Using DNA barcoding to identify host-parasite interactions between cryptic species of goby (Coryphopterus: Gobiidae, Perciformes) and parasitic copepods (Pharodes tortugensis: Chondracanthidae, Cyclopoida)
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Data from: Lousy grouse: comparing evolutionary patterns in Alaska galliform lice to understand host evolution and host-parasite interactions
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Host-parasite interactions between a copepod (Pharodes tortugensis) and small reef-associated gobies (Coryphopterus) in the British Virgin Islands
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Bayesian inference of ancestral host-parasite interactions under a phylogenetic model of host repertoire evolution
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Data from: Empirical evaluation of neutral interactions in host-parasite networks
While niche-based processes have been invoked extensively to explain the structure of interaction networks, recent studies propose that neutrality could also be of great importance. Under the neutral hypothesis, network structure would simply emerge from random encounters between individuals and thus would be directly linked to species abundance. We investigated the impact of species abundance distributions on qualitative and quantitative metrics of 113 host-parasite networks. We analysed the concordance between neutral expectations and empirical observations at interaction, species and network levels. We found that species abundance accurately predicts network metrics at all levels. Despite host-parasite systems being constrained by physiology and immunology, our results suggest that neutrality could also explain, at least partially, their structure. We hypothesize that trait-matching would determine potential interactions between species, while abundance would determine their realization.
Data from: Melanin-based colouration and host-parasite interactions under global change
The role of parasites in shaping melanin-based colour polymorphism, and the consequences of colour polymorphism for disease resistance, remain debated. Here we review recent evidence of the links between melanin-based colouration and the behavioural and immunological defences of vertebrates against their parasites. First we propose that (1) differences between colour morphs can result in variable exposure to parasites, either directly (certain colours might be more or less attractive to parasites) or indirectly (variations in behaviour and encounter probability). Once infected, we propose that (2) immune variation between differently coloured individuals might result in different abilities to cope with parasite infection. We then discuss (3) how these different abilities could translate in variable sexual and natural selection in environments varying in parasite pressure. Finally, we address (4) the potential role of parasites in the maintenance of melanin-based colouration polymorphism, especially in the context of global change and multiple stressors in human-altered environments. Because global change will likely affect both colouration and the spread of parasitic diseases in the next decades, future studies should take into account melanin-based colouration to better predict the evolutionary responses of animals to changing disease risk in human-altered environments.
FIGURE 3 in Using DNA barcoding to identify host-parasite interactions between cryptic species of goby (Coryphopterus: Gobiidae, Perciformes) and parasitic copepods (Pharodes tortugensis: Chondracanthidae, Cyclopoida)
FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood tree derived from COI sequences of our copepod samples (labeled as P. tortugensis) plus voucher sequences from related copepods in the suborder Ergasilida (see Table 5 for a list). Sequences of copepods confamilial to P. tortugenis (Chondracanthidae) are labelled to species (and shaded blue in the online colour version), and members other taxa are labeled to family (and shaded pink in the colour online version). Support values for bipartitions are indicated, and divergence represented by dark blue scale bar = 3 %.
FIGURE 1 in Using DNA barcoding to identify host-parasite interactions between cryptic species of goby (Coryphopterus: Gobiidae, Perciformes) and parasitic copepods (Pharodes tortugensis: Chondracanthidae, Cyclopoida)
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree derived from COI sequences of our goby samples plus voucher sequences from all Coryphopterus species except C. punctipectophorus. Voucher sequences are identified by GenBank sequence ID. Sequences from several other goby species are included as outgroups (not all are identified in the figure; see Table 4 for a list). Support values for bipartitions are indicated, and divergence represented by scale bar = 6%.
FIGURE 2 in Using DNA barcoding to identify host-parasite interactions between cryptic species of goby (Coryphopterus: Gobiidae, Perciformes) and parasitic copepods (Pharodes tortugensis: Chondracanthidae, Cyclopoida)
FIGURE 2. Differences in body depth between goby species. A boxplot of body depth (as a % of body length in SL) for the three gobies, with sample sizes in parentheses. For the boxplot: box boundaries represent 25th and 75th percentiles respectively; line inside box indicates the median, lower and upper error lines indicate 10th and 90th percentiles respectively, and circles show data falling outside 10th and 90th percentiles.
Data from: Melanin-based colouration and host-parasite interactions under global change
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Data from: Relatedness and spatial proximity as determinants of host-parasite interactions in the brood parasitic Barrow's goldeneye (Bucephala islandica)
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Data from: Empirical evaluation of neutral interactions in host-parasite networks
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Host-Parasite biogeographic interactions: modelling the distribution of Phyllotis xanthopygus rodents complex and their flea assemblage using the favorability function
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Data from: Starving the enemy? Feeding behavior shapes host-parasite interactions
The loss of appetite that typically accompanies infection or the mere exposure to parasites is traditionally considered a negative by-product of infection, benefitting neither the host nor the parasite. In fact, numerous medical and veterinary practices directly or indirectly subvert this 'illness-mediated anorexia'. However, the ecological factors that influence it, its effects on disease outcomes, or why it evolved remains poorly resolved. We explore how hosts use anorexia to defend against infection and how parasites can manipulate anorexia to enhance transmission. Then, we use a coevolutionary model to illustrate how changes to anorexia could alter disease dynamics and virulence evolution. Anorexia could be exploited to improve host health and disease management; we propose an interdisciplinary approach to minimize unintended consequences.
Data from: Migration highways and migration barriers created by host-parasite interactions
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Data from: Starving the enemy? Feeding behavior shapes host-parasite interactions
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Data from: Avian brood parasitism and ectoparasite richness – scale-dependent diversity interactions in a three-level host-parasite system
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Experimental habitat fragmentation disrupts host-parasite interaction over decades via life-cycle bottlenecks
Habitat loss and fragmentation are likely to seriously impact parasites, a less studied but critical component of ecosystems, yet we lack long-term experimental evidence. Parasites structure communities, increase connectivity in food webs, and account for a large proportion of an ecosystem's total biomass. Food web models predict that parasites with multiple obligate hosts are at greater risk of extinction because the local extinction, or reduction in abundance, of any host will result in a life-cycle bottleneck for the parasite. We examine the response of a parasite and its multiple hosts to forest fragmentation over 26 years in the Wog Wog Habitat Fragmentation Experiment in southeastern Australia. The parasite is the nematode Hedruris wogwogensis, its intermediate host is the amphipod, Arcitalitrus sylvaticus, and its definitive host is the skink, Lampropholis guichenoti. In the first decade after fragmentation, nematodes completely disappeared from the matrix (plantation forestry) and all but disappeared from their definitive host (skinks) in fragments, and by the third decade after fragmentation had not appreciably recovered anywhere in the fragmented landscape compared to continuous forest. The low prevalence of the nematode in the fragmented landscape was associated with the low abundance of one or the other host in different decades: low abundance of the intermediate host (amphipod) in the first decade and low abundance of the definitive host (skink) in the third decade. In turn, the low abundance of each host was associated with changes to the abiotic environment over time due largely to the dynamically changing matrix as the plantation trees grew. Our study provides rare long-term experimental evidence of how disturbance can cause local extinction in parasites with life cycles dependent on more than one host species through population bottlenecks at any life stage. Mismatches in the abundance of multiple hosts over time are likely to be common following disturbance, thus causing parasites with complex life cycles to be particularly susceptible to habitat fragmentation and other disturbances. The integrity of food webs, communities, and ecosystems in fragmented landscapes may be more compromised than presently appreciated due to the sensitivity of parasites to habitat fragmentation.
Spatial Analysis of Host-parasite Interactions in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05332093. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.