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91 results for “hydraulic data”
Data from: Leaf hydraulic parameters are more plastic in species that experience a wider range of leaf water potentials
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Data from: Hydraulic traits are coordinated but decoupled from carbon traits in herbaceous species
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Data from: Wood anatomical and hydraulic traits of Tamarix species across a large Eurasian gradient show a stronger climatic than phylogenetic signal
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Data from: Plasticity in hydraulic architecture: Riparian trees respond to increased temperatures with genotype-specific adjustments to leaf traits
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Predicting soil interpedal macroporosity and hydraulic conductivity dynamics: A model for integrating laser-scanned profile imagery with soil moisture sensor data
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Data from: Friction of Longmaxi shale gouges and implications for seismicity during hydraulic fracturing
<p>Longmaxi formation shales are the major target reservoir for shale gas extraction in the Sichuan Basin, southwest China. Swarms of earthquakes accompanying hydraulic fracturing are observed at depths typified by the Longmaxi formation. Mineral composition varies broadly through the stratigraphic section due to different depositional environments. The section is generally tectosilicate-poor and phyllosilicate-rich with a minor portion (~5 <i>wt</i>.%) the converse. We measure the frictional and stability properties of shale gouges taken from the full stratigraphic section at hydrothermal conditions. Velocity-stepping experiments were performed on representative shale gouges at <i>σ<sub>c</sub></i> = 60 <i>MPa</i>, <i>P<sub>f</sub></i> = 30 <i>MPa</i> and <i>T</i> =150 <i>℃</i>. Results show that the gouges are generally frictionally strong with friction coefficients spanning a range of 0.50-0.75. Two phyllosilicate+TOC-poor gouges exhibited higher frictional strength and velocity weakening behavior, capable of potentially unstable fault slips, while only velocity strengthening behavior was observed for the remaining phyllosilicate+TOC-rich gouges. These results confirm that the frictional and stability properties are mainly controlled by phyllosilicate+TOC content. Elevating the temperature further weakens the gouges and drives it towards velocity weakening. The presence of observed seismicity in majority velocity strengthening materials suggest the importance of the minority velocity weakening materials. We suggest a model where seismicity is triggered when high pore fluid pressures drive aseismic slip in the near-field and triggers seismic slip on adjacent faults. Our results have important implications in understanding the physics of earthquakes in Sichuan Basin and highlights the importance of identifying the location and characteristics of faults prior to hydraulic fracturing.</p>
Data from: Linking coordinated hydraulic traits to drought and recovery responses in a tropical montane cloud forest
Understanding plant hydraulic functioning and water balance during drought has become key in predicting species survival and recovery. However, the insightful studies that couple physiological and morphological attributes do not exist in many ecosystems, such as the vulnerable Tropical Montane Cloud Forests (TMCF). In this study, we evaluate drought resistance and recovery for saplings for five tree species spanning deciduous to evergreen habits from a Mexican TMCF. Methods Drought treatments withheld water until plants reached species-specific P50 or P88 values (pressures required to induce a 50 or 88 percent loss in hydraulic conductivity), at which point they were rewatered. Drought resistance were considered within the isohydric-anisohydric framework and compared to leaf gas exchange, water status, pressure-volume curves, specific leaf area, and stomatal density. Results TMCF species closed stomata well before significant losses in hydraulic conductivity (isohydric). Yet, despite the coordination of these traits, they did not predict how long it took species to reach critical hydraulic thresholds. Instead, maximum photosynthesis rates explained these times reinforcing the linkage between hydraulic and carbon dynamics. Despite varying hydraulic conductivities, stomatal responses, and times to hydraulic thresholds, all study plants except for two individuals (out of 60) recovered following rewatering. The recovery of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance was explained by the P50 values and isohydry. Conclusions This study raises new questions surrounding drought management strategies, recovery processes, and how lethal thresholds are defined. Further studies need to consider the role of water and carbon balance in allowing for both survival and recovery to drought.
Data from: Convergence in resource use efficiency across trees with differing hydraulic strategies in response to ecosystem precipitation manipulation
1. Plants are expected to respond to drought by maximizing the efficiency of the most limiting resource, the water use efficiency (WUE), at the expense of nitrogen and carbon use efficiencies (NUE and CUE). Therefore, plants resource use efficiencies are viewed as indicators of species drought tolerance. 2. We tested these predictions by measuring leaf-level intrinsic WUE (WUEi, the ratio of net assimilation to stomatal conductance), photosynthetic NUE (PNUE, the ratio of daily maximum net assimilation to leaf nitrogen content) and leaf-scale CUE (approached by the ratio of nighttime respiration to daytime net assimilation, Rd/An) in piñon pine and juniper, two tree species that differ in drought tolerance and vulnerability to drought-induced mortality. Variations in resource use efficiency in the two species were measured in response to seasonal drought and in response to an ecosystem-scale precipitation manipulation experiment comprising three precipitation treatments: ambient, irrigation (+30%) and partial rainfall exclusion (-45%). 3. Increasing water limitation, either seasonally or across treatments, resulted in increased WUE and decreased PNUE and CUE in both species. WUE, PNUE and CUE varied more strongly in response to water limitation than across species and converged to the same relationships against precipitation for piñon and juniper. 4. Plasticity in WUE, PNUE and CUE in response to water limitation was associated, in both species, with low carbon acquisition during drought. Our results exhibited a convergence in resource use efficiency across piñon and juniper which contradicts the paradigm that resource use efficiencies are indicators of species drought tolerance and ecological strategy.
Data from: Radial variation of wood functional traits reflect size-related adaptations of tree mechanics and hydraulics
1) Wood serves for mechanical support, water transport and storage. These functions are provided for by different cells with a large variation in wood anatomy among species but also within individual trees. The latter often reflects ontogenetic adjustments, related to tree size or age, which can be studied by looking at patterns of radial variation in wood. 2) We quantified radial variation in wood density (WD) and wood anatomy and ask how ontogenetic changes of wood functions are controlled in five canopy tree species in western Thailand. We ask if there are trade-offs between these main functions of wood, how ontogenetic trends are linked to differences in growth trajectories and shade tolerance among tree species and if wood properties are mainly controlled by tree age or by size. 3) In all species studied, vessel fraction, vessel size, theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and fibre wall thickness significantly increased with tree diameter. While the ray fraction also increased in all species except Neolitsea, axial parenchyma changed significantly only in Afzelia, the species with by far the largest axial parenchyma fraction. The average WD and Kh reflect the phenology, with deciduous and shade-intolerant Toona and Melia having low WD and high Kh, and shade-tolerant brevi-deciduous Chukrasia and evergreen Neolitsea having higher WD and low Kh. Deciduous Afzelia, however, had the lowest Kh and second-highest WD. The radial gradients in WD and Kh also reflect within-species differences in growth rates during ontogeny. 4) The relationship between WD and its underlying anatomical components varied substantially among species. Modulating fibre wall thickness and vessel size enables growing trees to increase water transport capacity and mechanical strength at the same time. Across species, tree diameter had a stronger effect than age on all parameters except for fibres. 5) Given the very substantial within-tree size-related variation in wood traits, tree size is an essential parameter to include in comparative studies on the functional ecology of wood. Analyzing ontogenetic changes in wood can advance our understanding of the different ecological strategies of trees.
Hydraulic Tomography Estimates Improved by Zonal Information from the Clustering of Geophysical Survey Data
<p>The spreadsheet contains the information of hydraulic conductivity fields, drawdown calibration and validation data sets, and tracer data sets used to accomplish the research article with the same title.</p>
Hydraulic tomography and thermal tracer test data from a fractured-porous field site in Goettingen (Germany)
<p>These data are supplementary material for:</p> <p>Römhild, L., Ringel, L. M., Liu, Q., Hu, L., Ptak, T., & Bayer, P. (2024). Hybrid discrete fracture network inversion of hydraulic tomography data from a fractured-porous field site. Water Resources Research, 60, e2023WR036035. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036035</p> <p>The data set comprises hydraulic tomography and thermal tracer test field data from a porous-fractured site in Göttingen (Germany). The repository contains a schematic figure of the experimental setup and subfolders for the two different experiments. For more information about the data, we refer to the readme files in the repository, and the soon-to-be-published paper (see above).</p>
Online hydraulic data from full scale CS#3 DWDN for model calibration
<p>Online hydraulic data including hydraulic model for the full distribution network. More than one full year of data.</p> <p>SCADA data source.</p> <p>Provide knowledge of the water distribution network and how the water moves in the system.</p>
Experimental data set for hydraulic fracture interactions with discontinuities study
<p>Experimental data included in hydraulic fracture interaction with discontinuities study. The original images in high resolution and the pressure and cumulative acoustic emission activities recordings. </p>
Training data - Hydraulic Head Probabilistic MLP-NN
<p>Training data for paper on hydraulic head predictions using an MLP-NN.</p>
Supplementary material for "Can the anisotropic hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer be determined using surface displacement data? A case study"
<p>Supplementary material for ”Can the anisotropic hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer be determined using surface displacement data? A case study".</p> <p>The <a href="https://github.com/sonasalehian/AHC-Poroelastic-Model.git" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AHC-Poroelastic-Model</a> codes from repository is included in the AHC-Poroelastic-Model-main.zip file.</p>
Data for: Phenotypic variation of hydraulic traits for woody species
<p>Hydraulic traits are major determinants of plant fitness, thus exerting control over vegetation structure, function and distribution. Yet it remains unclear whether and how hydraulic traits respond to environmental stimuli (i.e., phenotypic variation of hydraulic traits; PVHT), and if the coordination between different hydraulic traits and the trait-climate relationship are affected by PVHT.</p> <p>Here, we synthesized data of PVHT (maximum hydraulic conductivity and water potential inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity) as well as potentially related morphological and anatomical traits (e.g. sapwood density, branch Huber value, mean and hydraulic weighted conduit diameter). We analyzed the magnitude, direction and source of variation of the plastic response, as well as the influence of environmental factors on trait coordination. Additionally, we compared the intra- and inter- specific variation between key hydraulic traits and climate metrics (mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature) at the site of growth, as well as across the population range.</p> <p>PVHT was highly variable in both magnitude and direction, which was contingent on the environmental factor. The variation in PVHT mainly occurred at high taxonomic levels (i.e., family and genus), whereas phenology explained little variation for PVHT. Despite the high variability, trait correlation remained robust in the presence of environmental stimuli. Moreover, trait-climate relationships differed at inter-specific and intra-specific levels. The intra-specific variation of hydraulic traits in most species showed no correlation with climate metrics compared with the high correlation of hydraulic traits with climate metrics across species.</p> <p>Our findings suggest that the high variability of PVHT does not affect the trait correlation which may be valuable in predicting vegetation dynamics under varying environments. The distinct trait-climate relationships highlight the need to unravel the driving force of PVHT, as well as the adaptive strategy across populations.</p>
Data from: Remote hydraulic fracturing at weak interfaces
<p>This repository contains the data and processing functions for the diagrams in the manuscript: <em>Remote hydraulic fracturing at weak interfaces</em>.</p>
Data from: Causes of ecological gradients in leaf margin entirety: Evaluating the roles of biomechanics, hydraulics, vein geometry, and bud packing
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: A recent commentary by Edwards et al. (Am. J. Bot. 103: 975–978) proposed that constraints imposed by the packing of young leaves in buds could explain the positive association between non-entire leaf margins and latitude but did not thoroughly consider alternative explanations. METHODS: We review the logic and evidence underlying six major hypotheses for the functional significance of marginal teeth, involving putative effects on (1) leaf cooling, (2) optimal support and supply of the areas served by major veins, (3) enhanced leaf-margin photosynthesis, (4) hydathodal function, (5) defense against herbivores, and (6) bud packing. KEY RESULTS: Theoretical and empirical problems undermine all hypotheses except the support–supply hypothesis, which implies that thinner leaves should have non-entire margins. Phylogenetically structured analyses across angiosperms, the El Yunque flora, and the genus Viburnum all demonstrate that non-entire margins are indeed more common in thinner leaves. Across angiosperms, the association of leaf thickness with non-entire leaf margins is stronger than that of latitude. CONCLUSION: We outline a synthetic model showing how biomechanics, hydraulics, vein geometry, rates of leaf expansion, and length of development within resting buds, all tied to leaf thickness, drive patterns in the distribution of entire vs. non-entire leaf margins. Our model accounts for dominance of entire margins in the tropics, Mediterranean scrub, and tundra, non-entire margins in cold temperate deciduous forests and tropical vines and early-successional trees, and entire leaf margins in monocots. Spinose-toothed leaves should be favored in short-statured evergreen trees and shrubs, primarily in Mediterranean scrub and related semiarid habitats.
Numerical results data of 'Impact of Injection Pressure and Polyaxial Stress on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Permeability Evolution in Greywacke: Insights from Discrete Element Models of a Laboratory Test'
<p>Numerical results data of '<strong>Impact of Injection Pressure and Polyaxial Stress on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Permeability Evolution in Greywacke: Insights from Discrete Element Models of a Laboratory Test</strong>'</p>
Data files for 'Tan et al., (2020). Hydraulic fracturing induced seismicity in the southern Sichuan Basin due to fluid diffusion inferred from seismic and injection data analysis'
<p>CEDC catalog.xlsx : the seismic catalog from China Earthquake Data Center (https://data.earthquake.cn/)</p> <p>Local network catalog.xlsx : the seismic catalog of the local seismic network</p> <p>Injection data of N5&N7.xlsx : the injection data of N5 and N7 (with permission of the operator)</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.