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2,036 results for “ice”
Real-time black ice detection using YOLOX on drone
<p><strong>Detailed Info:</strong> https://github.com/hsh060824/blackice-drone-dataset</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Dataset Type</strong>: Object Detection Dataset (with bounding boxes)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Overview</strong></p> <p>Road safety during winter months remains a critical concern due to the elusive nature of black ice, a thin layer of ice that forms on road surfaces, making it challenging for drivers to identify and navigate safely. In an effort to address this issue, our research team at Cheongshim International Academy (CSIA) has conducted extensive studies on real-time black ice detection utilizing YOLOX, a state-of-the-art object detection algorithm, deployed on drones. As a significant contribution to the research community, we are pleased to share our meticulously curated image dataset, which encapsulates diverse scenarios and conditions representative of real-world black ice occurrences.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>Black ice poses a significant threat to road safety, especially during winter, as it is often challenging for drivers to detect, leading to increased risks of accidents and hazardous road conditions. Our dataset aims to fill the gap in existing resources by providing a comprehensive collection of images showcasing various instances of black ice under different environmental conditions. The dataset covers diverse scenarios, including different lighting conditions, road surfaces, and black ice formations, making it a valuable resource for developing and testing robust black ice detection models.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Significances of the Dataset</strong></p> <p>The significance of this dataset lies in its potential to advance the development of effective black ice detection algorithms. By sharing our dataset with the research community, we aim to facilitate the creation of more accurate and reliable models for real-time detection of black ice using drone technology. The dataset includes annotations in COCO format, providing detailed information about the location and characteristics of black ice instances in each image.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Categorization</strong></p> <p>In our pursuit of advancing the field of computer vision and contributing to ongoing research endeavors, we proudly introduce three distinct image datasets meticulously curated by our research team. These datasets, categorized as "White," "Black," and "Outdoors (OD)," cater to unique scenarios and are designed to fuel the development of specialized models addressing specific challenges in visual recognition.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>White Dataset: </strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Composition:</strong> This dataset comprises 413 images, each meticulously annotated with an average of 1.1 annotations per image, depicting the unique optical characteristics of black ice.</li> <li><strong>Properties:</strong> The average proportion of instance pixel area is 3.16%, emphasizing the subtlety of the black ice formations. The average image brightness is measured at 149.358.</li> <li><strong>Capture Environment:</strong> The images were taken in controlled indoor laboratory conditions, ensuring consistency and repeatability.</li> <li><strong>Creation Method:</strong> The dataset was generated by cooling asphalt samples in a freezer to temperatures ranging from -4°C to -20°C. Subsequently, 4°C water was sprayed onto the sample surfaces, creating black ice. The dataset captures the optical properties of black ice, showcasing its interaction with light.</li> <li><strong>Significance: </strong>Valuable for highlighting the optical characteristics of black ice, enhancing model accuracy in well-lit scenarios.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Black Dataset: </strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Composition:</strong> This dataset comprises 814 images, with a detailed annotation structure averaging 3.5 annotations per image, showcasing the challenges of recognition in low-light conditions.</li> <li><strong>Properties:</strong> The average proportion of instance pixel area is notably higher at 12.37%, reflecting the complex and varied formations of black ice. The average image brightness is measured at 123.028.</li> <li><strong>Capture Environment:</strong> Similar to the White Dataset, images were captured in a controlled indoor laboratory environment. Asphalt pelt was placed under the black iced asphalt pieces to replicate realistic scenarios.</li> <li><strong>Creation Method:</strong> The dataset creation involved the same process of cooling asphalt samples, followed by spraying water to create black ice. To simulate real-world conditions, asphalt pelt was used as a background, and various shapes of black ice were randomly placed in each image.</li> <li><strong>Significance:</strong> Realistic emulation of black ice using backgrounds made up of asphalt pelts, providing essential drark images for robust model training.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Outdoor (OD) Dataset</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Composition:</strong> This dataset is the most extensive, consisting of 1624 images, with an average of 1.5 annotations per image, capturing the challenges of recognizing black ice in outdoor winter conditions.</li> <li><strong>Properties:</strong> The average proportion of instance pixel area is 12.34%, mirroring the complexity of real-world outdoor scenarios. The average image brightness is significantly lower at 56.575.</li> <li><strong>Capture Environment:</strong> Unlike the indoor datasets, the OD dataset was captured outdoors in winter conditions where black ice naturally forms.</li> <li><strong>Creation Method:</strong> Black ice was created on the asphalt road of Cheongsim International High School by spraying +4°C water onto the surface. DJI Tello's built-in camera was used for capturing images from various angles, simulating drone-like perspectives. This dataset is designed to closely replicate real-world scenarios, providing a valuable resource for training models for outdoor applications.</li> <li><strong>Significance: </strong>Represents real-world outdoor scenarios, offering a unique perspective for developing models capable of handling diverse and challenging conditions.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Cameras: </strong></p> <ul> <li>iPhone SE2 (Apple, California)</li> <li>iPhone SE3 (Apple, California)</li> <li>iPhone 12 (Apple, California)</li> <li>iPhone 14 Pro (Apple, California)</li> <li>Q9 (LG Electronics, Seoul, Korea)</li> <li>V30 (LG Electronics, Seoul, Korea)</li> <li>Tello (DJI, ShenZhen, China)</li> </ul>
Supporting Data - Sentinel-1 Detection of Ice Slabs on the Greenland Ice Sheet
<p>This dataset contains supporting data accompanying Culberg, R., Michaelides, R. J., and Miller, J. Z.: Sentinel-1 Detection of Ice Slabs on the Greenland Ice Sheet, EGUsphere [preprint], <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2652">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2652</a>, 2023. The final accepted manuscript will be linked via the same preprint server at the time of publication. The dataset contains the following files:</p> <ul> <li>Sentinel-1 HV and HV/HH backscatter mosaics of the Greenland Ice Sheet formed using data from 1 Oct 2016 - 30 April 2017.</li> <li>Estimated average annual summer melt extent between 1 Nov 2014 and 31 Aug 2020, detected using seasonal variations in Sentinel-1 HH backscatter.</li> <li>The firn aquifer extent over Greenland derived from Sentinel-1 in Brangers et al. (2020), reprojected to EPSG:3413.</li> <li>The ice mask used in the study, derived from the BedMachine Greenland ice mask.</li> <li>The training and validation datasets derived from the Jullien et al. (2023) ice slabs detections from ice penetrating radar data that were used to optimize ice slab detection thresholds for the Sentinel-1 backscatter mosaics. </li> </ul>
Experimental data for "Measurement Report: Influence of particle density on secondary ice production by graupel and ice pellet collisions"
<p>This dataset includes measurement data on secondary ice production due to bare graupel - bare graupel, and ice pellet - ice pellet collisions carried out in the Mainz Cold Room (M-CR) of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. </p>
Data from PISM-LakeCC: Implementing an adaptive proglacial lake boundary in an ice sheet model
<p>In our study, we describe the implementation of an adaptive proglacial lake boundary in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). The model was tested by applying it to the glacial retreat of the North American ice sheets after the LGM.</p> <p>This dataset contains selected timeslices and variables of the model output for our three main experiments (LAKE, CTRL and DEF). More details about the experiments can be found in our study:</p> <blockquote> <p>Hinck, S., Gowan, E. J., Zhang, X., and Lohmann, G.: PISM-LakeCC: Implementing an adaptive proglacial lake boundary in an ice sheet model, The Cryosphere, 16, 941–965, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-941-2022, 2022.</p> </blockquote>
Time-averaged borehole temperatures at AM01–AM06 on the Amery Ice Shelf
<p>These are supplementary materials for the paper:</p> <p>Wang, Y., Zhao, C., Gladstone, R., Galton-Fenzi, B., and Warner, R.: Thermal structure of the Amery Ice Shelf from borehole observations and simulations, The Cryosphere Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-248, in review, 2021.</p> <p>Full description is given in the paper.</p>
Supporting Data for: McKenna et al. (2018), Arctic sea-ice loss in different regions leads to contrasting Northern Hemisphere impacts
<p>This is a dataset of output from version 4 of the Reading Intermediate Global Circulation Model (IGCM4) that was used in the article: </p> <p>McKenna, C. M., Bracegirdle, T. J., Shuckburgh, E. F., Haynes, P. H., & Joshi, M. M. (2018). Arctic sea ice loss in different regions leads to contrasting Northern Hemisphere impacts. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, 45, 945-954. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076433">https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076433</a></p> <p> </p> <p>Files required to setup the IGCM4 simulations are given in the directory 'IGCM4_setup'.</p> <p>All other directories contain netcdf files of timeseries of various monthly mean fields for each IGCM4 simulation (see paper for details on these simulations). The available variables are:</p> <ul> <li>ua: zonal winds</li> <li>zg: geopotential height</li> <li>ts: surface temperature</li> <li>hfls, hfss, rlds, rlus: surface heatfluxes</li> <li>Flat, Fz, divF: Eliassen-Palm flux vectors and their divergence (only for months November-February)</li> </ul> <p>The ua and zg variables are given for different pressure levels indicated in the filenames (e.g., ua500 is ua at 500 hPa). ua is additionally given in terms of the zonal mean with latitude and pressure. zg is additionally given in terms of longitude and pressure, averaged over latitudes between 60N-80N. All files follow CF conventions in terms of metadata, variable names, etc. </p> <p>Note that the CTL, ATL, PAC, and ATLandPAC simulations were all run continuously in time (i.e., every year starts from the end of the previous year). The 0.5ATL and 0.5PAC simulations, however, were run for 300 years in three separate 100-year chunks (i.e., the initial conditions used to start each 100-year chunk were different). The three 100-year chunks have been appended together in the netcdf files. </p>
Greenland Ice Sheet crevasse map from ArcticDEM
<p><em>This dataset is produced using the ArcticDEM v3 mosaic. Since release, the new ArcticDEM v4.1 mosaic has been released, and I have developed newer and open-source methods for extracting crevasse geometries from ArcticDEM and REMA strips. I am happy to help direct you towards the solution or dataset most appropriate for your needs - please contact me at thomas.r.chudley@durham.ac.uk.</em></p> <p><strong>Data Description</strong></p> <p><em>Title</em>: Greenland Ice Sheet crevasse map from ArcticDEM<br><em>Version</em>: 1.00<br><em>Format</em>: GeoTiff<br><em>Projection</em>: WGS84 / NSIDC Sea Ice Polar Stereographic North (EPSG: 3413)<br><em>Resolution</em>: 2 m (binary) and 200 m (fraction)<br><em>Size</em>: 3.5 GB (total binary) and 22 MB (total fraction)<br><em>Citation</em>: Chudley et al. (2021) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006287" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006287</a><br><em>Contact</em>: Tom Chudley<br><em>Email</em>: thomas.r.chudley@durham.ac.uk</p> <p><strong>Products</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains crevasse locations identified from the ArcticDEM v3 mosaic. There are two primary products: a 2 m binary crevasse map, and a 200 m crevasse fraction map. It is divided into the six IMBIE 'Rignot' drainage basins: central west (CW), southwest (SW), southeast (SE), northeast (NE), north (NO), northwest (NW).</p> <p><em>This dataset is for scientific purposes only. The method is not able to detect metre-scale and snow-covered crevasses, and should not be used for field safety purposes.</em></p> <p><em><strong>2 m crevasse binary</strong></em></p> <p>Byte GeoTiff product indicating derived crevasses at 2 m resolution. File naming convention is <em>crevasse_binary_XX_2m.tif</em>, where XX is the IMBIE basin code.</p> <p>Values have the following meaning: </p> <ul> <li>0: No data</li> <li>1: No crevasses identified</li> <li>2: Crevasses identified</li> </ul> <p><em><strong>200 m crevasse fraction</strong></em></p> <p>Float32 GeoTiff product indicating fraction of 200 m grid cell identified as crevasses in the 200 m product. File naming convention is <em>crevasse_fraction_XX_2m.tif</em>, where XX is the IMBIE basin code.</p> <p>Values have the following meaning: </p> <ul> <li>0 - 1: Fraction of grid cell identified as crevasse in 2 m dataset</li> <li>-9999: No data</li> </ul> <p><strong>Method</strong></p> <p>The full processing chain for data derivation is described in Chudley et al. (2021). A binary crevasse mask of the Greenland Ice Sheet is generated using ArcticDEM v3 mosaic data at 2 m resolution (Porter et al., 2018), with data processed in Google Earth Engine (Gorelick et al., 2017). The ArcticDEM is cropped to the GIMP ice mask (Howat et al., 2014), before a smoothed elevation model is generated by performing an image convolution with a circular kernel of 50 m radius. Residuals greater than 1 m between the smoothed and raw elevation values were identified as crevasses. To compare with public velocity datasets (and derived strain rates, stress, etc.), the 2 m dataset was aggregated (using GDAL) into grid cells to match the resolution (200 m) of the Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) ice sheet surface velocity grid (Joughin, 2010; 2021). Aggregated values represent the fraction of grid cell area classified as crevasses.</p> <p><strong>Caveats</strong></p> <ul> <li>The method, including kernel size was tuned manually based on the region of interest of the original Chudley et al. (2021) paper. As such, it may not be optimal for other regions of interest on the ice sheet, in particular in the east, where medial moraines and marginal valleys are more prevalent (see caveat #4).</li> <li>The ArcticDEM is derived from optical MAXAR imagery. As such, snow-filled crevasses will not be identified here, which will be problematic above the ablation zone.</li> <li>Following comparison with Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) data in Chudley et al. (2021), the approximate lower bound of crevasse width identified is ~10 m. These are large crevasses, far greater than are commonly encountered in safe fieldwork environments.</li> <li>This method is relatively crude: at its core, it is effectively a high-pass filter applied to the ArcticDEM mosaic. As such, there are false positives that occur around other supraglacial features (rivers, moraines, etc.) as well as marginal features (proglacial geomorphology, fjord sikkusak, etc.) that are captured in regions where the GIMP ice mask does not accurately capture the terrestrial ice extent at the time of ArcticDEM data capture. Users are encouraged to critically evaluate data in their areas of interest using the 2 m binary map and external data, even when intending to use only the 200 m fraction dataset.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Citation</strong></p> <p>When using this data, please cite the method as being from:</p> <p>Chudley, T. R., Christoffersen, P., Doyle, S. H., Dowling, T. P. F., Law, R., Schoonman, C. M., Bougamont, M., & Hubbard, B. (2021). Controls on water storage and drainage in crevasses on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 126, e2021JF006287. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006287">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006287</a>.</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>Initial processing chain created whilst Chudley was supported by a Natural Environment Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship (Grant No. NE/L002507/1).</p> <p>ArcticDEM v3 mosaic is provided by the Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736.</p>
Ground ice content predictions for the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region at 1-km resolution, version 1.1
<p>Ground ice content is one of the least known characteristics of the permafrost-affected soils in the Northern Hemisphere. At the same time, ground ice content exerts a crucial effect on the thermal response of permafrost to changing climate and environmental conditions, and dictates the permafrost degradation-related geomorphic, hydrologic, and ecological processes, including thermokarst. This dataset presents numerical estimates of volumetric ice content over the permafrost region at a 1-km spatial resolution. The predictions are representative of pore and segregated ice contents in the topmost five meters of permafrost. We use compilations of field measurements of ground ice contents from across the permafrost region to train statistical models and to predict volumetric ice content with the aid of high-resolution geospatial data on climatic, soil and topography conditions. The dataset facilitates assessments of conditions of changing permafrost landscapes at an improved spatial and thematic resolution.</p>
ICESat-2 Arctic Sea Ice Surface Topography from the University of Maryland-Ridge Detection Algorithm: April 2019, 2020, and 2021
<p>This dataset is derived from the ICESat-2 (IS-2) Global Geolocated Photon Height Product (ATL03) using the University of Maryland-Ridge Detection Algorithm (UMD-RDA). The UMD-RDA is applied to ATL03 on a per-shot basis, nominally resulting in elevation measurements at IS-2's maximum along-track resolution of ~0.7 m. From these elevation measurements, the UMD-RDA can measure various sea ice parameters including, but not limited to, individual ridge crests and their respective sail heights, the distance between ridges, and sea ice surface roughness.</p> <p><strong>********Changes in Version 2********</strong></p> <p><em>Version 2 includes a column for time (seconds since 2018-01-01) in all parameter files in addition to longitude, latitude, and parameter value.</em></p> <p><em>The full resolution UMD-RDA derived elevation data was too large to host here, but is available upon request. If you need a particular track or segment for your research please contact me with your request by email: kd</em><em>uncan at umd dot edu</em></p>
Ensemble of NEMO present-day (1989-2009) and future (2080-2100 under RCP8.5) ocean properties and ice shelf melt rates in the Amundsen Sea
<p>Model outputs used in <a href="https://www.essoar.org/doi/10.1002/essoar.10511482.3">Jourdain et al. (GRL, 2022)</a></p> <p>The output files consist of monthly climatologies over either 1989-2009 or 2080-2100. The file names have the form:</p> <p><strong>climato_monthly_AMUXL12-GNJ002_<simu>_<group>_1989_2009.nc</strong>, where :</p> <ul> <li><simu> is either : <ul> <li>"BM02MAR" (ensemble member A, present-day),</li> <li>"BM03MAR" (ensemble member B, present-day),</li> <li>"BM04MAR" (ensemble member C, present-day),</li> <li>"BM02MARrcp85" (ensemble member A, future for both surface and lateral boundaries),</li> <li>"BM03MARrcp85" (ensemble member B, future for surface BUT NOT for lateral boundaries),</li> <li>"BM03MARrcBDY" (ensemble member B, future for both surface and lateral boundaries),</li> <li>"BM04MARrcp85" (ensemble member C, future for both surface and lateral boundaries),</li> </ul> </li> <li><group> is either : <ul> <li>"SBC" (surface boundary conditions),</li> <li>"icemod" (sea ice variables),</li> <li>"gridT" (temperature, salinity),</li> <li>"gridU" (zonal velocities),</li> <li>"gridV" (meridional velocities).</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Grid information in:</p> <ul> <li>mesh_mask_AMUXL12_BedMachineAntarctica-2019-05-24.nc (ensemble member A),</li> <li>mesh_mask_AMUXL12_BedMachineAntarctica-2020-07-15_v02_ICB380.nc (ensemble members B & C).</li> </ul> <p>where:</p> <ul> <li>glamt : longitude</li> <li>gphit: latitude</li> <li>e1t, e2t, e3t_0 : mesh size (in meters) along x, y, z</li> <li>tmask = 1 for ocean mesh, = 0 otherwise (land, continental ice).</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> This work was granted access to the HPC resources of CINES (occigen) under the allocation A0100106035 attributed by GENCI.</p>
Geothermal heat source estimations through ice flow modelling at Mýrdalsjökull, Iceland - Datasets
<p>This repository contains data used in the study "<em>Geothermal heat source estimations through ice flow modelling at</em><br><em>Mýrdalsjökull, Iceland", </em>to be published in <strong>The Cryosphere. </strong>A detailed reference will be added after publication.</p> <p>Details on processing of the data and the creation of the simulated data can be found in the aforementioned publication.</p> <p><strong>Data Specifications:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Cartographic projection: ISN93 / Lambert 1993 (EPSG:3057, <a href="http://https/epsg.io/3057">https://epsg.io/3057</a>)</li> <li>Origin of Elevation: meters above GRS80 ellipsoid (WGS84)</li> <li>Raster data format: GeoTIFF</li> <li>Pléiades dataset includes only DEMs because the Pléiades ortho imagery is for licensed use only. Please contact the authors for further information on this.</li> </ul> <p><strong>File descriptions:</strong></p> <ul> <li><em><strong>bedrock_Magnusson_etal_2021.tif: </strong></em>contains bedrock data published by Magnússon et al. 2021 for the simulation domain used in the paper. See reference below.</li> <li><em><strong>surface_27092016_pleiades.tif: </strong></em>contains glacier surface data from September 27th, 2016 which is used as a starting geometry for the simulations described in the paper. This data is based on Pléiades satellite images.</li> <li><em><strong>surface_01092017_pleiades.tif: </strong></em>contains glacier surface data from September 1st, 2017 which is used as a reference target geometry for the simulations described in the paper. This data is based on Pléiades satellite images.</li> <li><em><strong>HM_run04.tif:</strong></em> contains the best fitting simulation based surface which was compared to <em><strong>surface_01092017_pleiades.tif </strong></em>in the paper.</li> <li><em><strong>HM_run04_hillshade.png: </strong></em>a simple hillshade image for preview purposes.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data and code used in manuscript: Basal freeze-on generates complex ice-sheet stratigraphy
<p>Mapped plumes location obtained from ice-sheet radio echo sounding data of North Greenland (https://data.cresis.ku.edu/data/rds/ for 2010-2014_Greenland files) and map of calculated freeze-on index are found in 'FreezeOnIndex_MappedPlume_Data.nc'. Model code of the three models used to obtain the findings shown in the manuscript 'Basal freeze-on generates complex ice-sheet stratigraphy'. As well as code to calculate the freeze-on index.</p>
RSOI: Sea ice properties collected during the detection of oil on-in-and-under ice experiment
<p>Data collected during the detection of oil on-in-and-under ice oil experiment lead at CRREL in 2014/2015.<br> - Sea ice core properties (salinity and temperature)</p> <p>- Sea ice porosity and permeability field, derived from salinity and temperature</p> <p>- Oil volumes, in the lens derived from underwater acoustic measurement, are included in the RSOI-data-*.xlsx spreadsheet.</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group M2.5 Sea ice
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>M2.5 Sea ice</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T6.1 Ice sheets, glaciers and perennial snowfields
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T6.1 Ice sheets, glaciers and perennial snowfields</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Ensemble of ice shelf basal melt rates and ocean properties for tipped-over continental shelves
<p><strong>Summary</strong><strong>:</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains the reference and tipped states from several model configurations developed at the <a href="https://www.awi.de/en/">Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI)</a> and the <a href="https://www.ige-grenoble.fr/?lang=en">Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE)</a>. They were gathered here in the context of the <a href="https://www.tipaccs.eu">TiPACCs European project</a> and constitute a useful ensemble of reference and tipped ocean–ice-shelf simulations that <strong>can be used to feed ice-sheet simulations or to train melt parameterizations</strong>.</p> <p>The simulations produced by AWI are based on the <a href="https://fesom.de">FESOM</a> global ocean–sea-ice model using either Z- or Sigma- coordinates and all show a cold-to-warm tipping point for Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. The two sets of simulations produced by IGE are based on the <a href="https://www.nemo-ocean.eu">NEMO</a> ocean–sea-ice model. They include a global configuration showing a cold-to-warm tipping point for Ross Ice Shelf, and regional Amundsen Sea configuration showing a warm-to-warmer transition (likely not a proper tipping point). </p> <p>The files include 3-dimensional and sea-floor ocean temperatures and salinities, ice-shelf melt rates, as well as topographic and grid data. All variables are interpolated onto the common 8km stereographic grid that was used to provide ocean forcing in ISMIP6 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2331-2020">Nowicki et al. 2020</a>).</p> <p>We provide the reference state and the anomaly, so that the tipped state is:</p> <ul> <li><em>Tipped = Reference + Anomaly</em></li> </ul> <p>To have an overview of the reference and tipped states, have a look at these figures:</p> <ul> <li><em>figure_ref_and_anomalies_1.pdf</em></li> <li> <p><em>figure_ref_and_anomalies_2.pdf</em></p> </li> <li> <p><em>figure_seafloor_temp_zooms.pdf</em></p> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>_______________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Detailed Data Description</strong><strong>:</strong></p> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>reference_high_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>contact: Ralph Timmermann <a href="mailto:ralph.timmermann@awi.de">ralph.timmermann@awi.de</a>, Verena Haid <a href="mailto:verena.haid@awi.de">verena.haid@awi.de</a></li> <li>model: FESOM1.4, sigma-coordinates (global with refined grid around Antarctica)</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: HadCM3 20C</li> <li>provided average: 1990-1999 (10-year mean)</li> <li>more: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-013-0642-0">Timmermann and Hellmer (2013)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>reference_low_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>contact: Ralph Timmermann <a href="mailto:ralph.timmermann@awi.de">ralph.timmermann@awi.de</a>, Verena Haid <a href="mailto:verena.haid@awi.de">verena.haid@awi.de</a></li> <li>model: FESOM1.4, sigma-coordinates (global with refined grid around Antarctica)</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: HadCM3 20C</li> <li>provided average: 1990-1999 (10-year mean)</li> <li>more: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-765-2017">Timmermann and Goeller (2017)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>reference_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>contact: Verena Haid <a href="mailto:verena.haid@awi.de">verena.haid@awi.de</a></li> <li>model: FESOM1.4, Z-coordinates (global with refined grid around Antarctica)</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: ERA Interim</li> <li>provided average: 2008-2017 (10-year mean), i.e. model year 30-39</li> <li>more: same mesh as <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2317-2019">Gürses et al. (2019)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>reference_NEMO4_eORCA025.L121_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>contact: Pierre Mathiot <a href="mailto:pierre.mathiot@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr">pierre.mathiot@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr</a></li> <li>model: NEMO-4.0, eORCA025.L121 (Global, 1/4°, 121 vertical levels)</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: JRA55do</li> <li>provided average: 2<sup>nd</sup> cycle of 1989-1998 (10-year mean); we first run 1979-2018, and we redo 1979-1998 starting from the 2018 state.</li> <li>more: <a href="https://pmathiot.github.io/NEMOCFG/docs/build/html/simu_eORCA025_OPM021.html">https://pmathiot.github.io/NEMOCFG/docs/build/html/simu_eORCA025_OPM021.html</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>reference_NEMO3_AMUXL12.L75_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>contact: Nicolas Jourdain <a href="mailto:nicolas.jourdain@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr">nicolas.jourdain@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr</a></li> <li>model: NEMO-3.6, AMUXL12.L75 (Amundsen, 1/12°, 75 vertical levels)</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: MAR (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-229-2020">Donat-Magnin et al. 2020</a>)</li> <li>provided average: 1989-2009 (21-year mean)</li> <li>more: similar model set-up as <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.11.001">Jourdain et al. (2019)</a>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_high_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>continuation of reference_high_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>forced with HadCM3 A1B</li> <li>provided average: 2190-2199 (10-year mean)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_low_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>continuation of reference_low_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>forced with HadCM3 A1B</li> <li>provided average: 2190-2199 (10-year mean)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_high_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>same model set-up as reference_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>atmospheric forcing south of 60°S HadCM3 A1B starting 2050, otherwise ERA Interim starting 1979</li> <li>provided average: model year 69-78 (10-year mean), i.e. 2008-2017 of 2<sup>nd</sup> 39yr-cycle</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_medium_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>same model set-up as reference_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: ERA Interim modified with a strong imprint of the seasonal cycle of HadCM3 A1B 2070-2089</li> <li>provided average: model year 69-78 (10-year mean), i.e. 2008-2017 of 2<sup>nd</sup> 39yr-cycle</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_low_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>same model set-up as reference_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: manipulated ERA Interim with prolongued summer and shorter, milder winter south of 50°S, additional modification of winds in Weddell Sea region</li> <li>provided average: model year 108-117 (10-year mean), i.e. 2008-2017 of 3<sup>rd</sup> 39yr-cycle</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_NEMO4_eORCA025.L121_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>similar to reference_NEMO4_eORCA025.L121_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>perturbation of the model parameters: Different iceberg distribution and different sea-ice–ocean drag and snow conductivity on sea-ice, leading to less sea-ice production in the eastern Ross Sea.</li> <li>More: <a href="https://pmathiot.github.io/NEMOCFG/docs/build/html/simu_eORCA025_OPM020.html">https://pmathiot.github.io/NEMOCFG/docs/build/html/simu_eORCA025_OPM020.html</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_NEMO3_AMUXL12.L75_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>similar to reference_NEMO3_AMUXL12.L75_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>perturbation of atmospheric forcing: MAR forced by the CMIP5 multi-model anomaly under the RCP8.5 scenario (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-571-2021">Donat-Magnin et al. 2021</a>).</li> <li>provided average: 2080-2100 (21-year average)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Bathymetry beneath the Amery ice shelf, East Antarctica, revealed by airborne gravity
<p>We estimated the seafloor topography beneath the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, from airborne gravity anomaly through a nonlinear inversion method called simulated annealing. The estimation results provide a view of the seafloor beneath the Amery Ice Shelf, where direct bathymetric observations are rare. The model, 'gravity_estimated_seafloor_topography_beneath_the_Amery_Ice_Shelf.nc', is in NetCDF format which can be read through MATLAB commands "ncdisp" and "ncread". Contents of the model can be found in "contents.txt". The MATLAB program "nc2mat.m" reads the NetCDF ".nc" format model and saves the variables in the model to a MATLAB ".mat" format file.</p>
GFN2-xTB structures of iCOM adsorbed on a cluster model of water molecules derived from a periodic model of crystalline ice
<p>This dataset contains the atomic coordinates in the <a href="http://www.moldraw.unito.it/">.</a>xyz format of the GFN2-xTB optimized structures of 20 iCOMs adsorbed at the surface of a cluster of 84 water molecules mimicking the periodic model of crystalline water icy grain as described by Ferrero, S.; Zamirri, L., Ceccarelli, C.; Witzel, A.; Rimola, A.; Ugliengo, P. ApJ, (2020) 904:11. For all considered structures we also provided a specific file in the Gaussian format with the computed harmonic frequencies. Each file can be easily converted in input for the variety of quantum mechanical programs, like VASP, QE, Gaussian 16 etc.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Supporting data for manuscript "Geochemical Characterization of Insoluble Particle Clusters in Ice Cores Using Two-dimensional Impurity Imaging"
<p>Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) offers micron-resolution 2D chemical imaging, which has been adapted recently to ice core analysis. The datasets are supporting information for the manuscript "Geochemical Characterization of Insoluble Particle Clusters in Ice Cores Using Two-dimensional Impurity Imaging" accepted for publication at Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (10.1029/2022GC010595). Measurements were performed at the Ca’Foscari University of Venice, considered as analytes are 23Na, 24Mg, 27Al, 29Si, 43Ca, 56Fe and 88Sr. Background and drift correction as well as image construction were performed using the software HDIP (Teledyne Photon Machines, Bozeman, MT, USA). Impurity maps are acquired as a pattern of lines, without overlap in the direction perpendicular to that of the scan, and without any further spatial interpolation. In a sample of the EGRIP Greenland ice core (from about 1256.95 m depth), maps were obtained over 3 adjacent areas. For each of the maps, for every chemical channel the intensities (in counts, after background and drift correction) are provided as a separate file, named as “ds01_Area1_Na.csv”, etc. These maps were obtained using a 20 µm square spot. This data can be used to obtain the images shown in the manuscript. For the additional map shown as Figure 9 in the manuscript, data were obtained using a LA-ICP-TOFMS for imaging a sample of the last glacial period in the EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core, bag 1065. The maps were acquired using a 35 µm square spot, with 50% overlap between neighboring pixels to increase the spatial resolution horizontally.</p>
Water stable isotope, temperature and electrical conductivity dataset (snow, ice, rain, surface water, groundwater) from a high alpine catchment (2019-2021).
<p>Data collected in the Otemma forefield in Switzerland (45°56’03”N,7°24’42”) from July 2019 to October 2021.<br> Data were collected by the research teams of Bettina Schaefli<sup>2</sup> and Stuart N. Lane<sup>1</sup>.</p> <p><sup>1</sup> Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland</p> <p><sup>2</sup> Institute of Geography (GIUB), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</p> <p>For further information, please contact:</p> <ul> <li>tom.muller.1@unil.ch</li> </ul> <p><strong>Description of the dataset</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains water stable isotope (δ<sup>2</sup>H, δ<sup>17</sup>O, δ<sup>18</sup>O), water temperature and water electrical conductivity (EC) measurements collected from the Otemma glacier catchment.</p> <p>All water isotope samples were collected directly from the source and stored in 12 mL amber glass vials with an air-tight caps. River samples were first collected with an automatic ISCO 6712 portable water sampler with 1L open plastic bottles and transferred in 12 mL vials every one to two weeks. All isotope analysis were performed using a Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer (Picarro 2140-I, Santa Clara, California, USA) and expressed relative to the international Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) standards.</p> <p>All EC and water temperature measurements were performed with a WTW Multi 3510 IDS logger with a IDS TetraCon® 925 probe.</p> <p>The dataset contains measurements performed at various locations within the catchment. A total of approximately 1500 measurements are provided. In the dataset each point correspond to a measurement station (column "<strong>Station</strong>") which we classified in specific class of water (column "<strong>Type</strong>") as follows :</p> <ul> <li><strong>Stream </strong>: samples collected at three locations, from the glacier snout, after a small outwash plain and 2km downstream.</li> <li><strong>Tributary </strong>: 5 hillslopes tributaries originating from small seasonal overland flow or small springs at the base of the morainic hillslope. Those tributaries were monitored weekly. In addition, a few other seasonal lateral streams were sampled in various locations (Type: Other tributaries).</li> <li><strong>Bedrock </strong>: A few exfiltrations directly leaking out of the bedrock outcrop were sampled.</li> <li><strong>Ice </strong>: Ice was sampled either as surface ice (small cores 5 cm deep), as deeper cores (5 to 8m deep) or as meltwater from supraglacial gullies. All solid ice samples were melted at ambiant air temperature in air-tight plastic bags before being transferred into 12 mL vials.</li> <li><strong>Snow </strong>: The snowpack was sampled either at the surface (0 to 5cm) or at about 20 cm depth. Where possible, meltwater leaking from the snowpack was sampled. At 3 locations in 2021, we dug snowpits from which we sampled snow at different layers with depth. All solid snow samples were melted at ambiant air temperature in air-tight plastic bags before being transferred into 12 mL vials</li> <li><strong>Rain </strong>: Rainwater was mostly sampled at our camp site at 2450 m. asl. Rainwater samples represent single rain events which are identified by dry periods of at least one day long.</li> <li><strong>Groundwater </strong>: shallow (2 to 3 meters) fully-screened groundwater wells were installed in the outwash plain and water sampled monthly in the snow-free season.</li> </ul> <p>- GPS coordinates are provided with each point (Swiss coordinate system CH1903+ / LV95<strong> (EPSG: 2056)).</strong></p> <p>- Dates are provided in local timezone (GMT+1 with daylight saving time) and in UTC date format.</p> <p>- Analyitcal error from the Picarro spectrometer is reported as 1 standard deviation.</p> <p>More information can be accessed in the corresponding publication by Müller et al. (to be published in 2023).</p> <p><strong>Data files</strong></p> <ul> <li><em>Otemma_isotope_EC_T_2019_2021.csv</em> : file containing all data with GPS coordinates</li> <li> <p><em>isotope_locations_Otemma.jpg</em> : an overview of the locations of each measurement point</p> </li> <li> <p><em>Otemma_Isotopes_2019-2020.html </em>: interactive plots of all datasets (δ<sup>2</sup>H, EC, temperature), classified by Type.</p> </li> </ul>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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