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Growing up with nutritional stress leads to peripheral social network positions, independent of 'personality'
<p>Variables:</p> <p>BirdID: unique identifier of individuals</p> <p>Day: numerical, day of testing</p> <p>Room: physical Location of aviary, arbitrary numbering</p> <p>Group: numerical. Each group consists of one sex. </p> <p>Degree, Strength, EC, CV: social network variables. When precluded by a "D"; calculated using duration-based networks. When precluded by "F"; calculated using frequency-based networks. </p> <p>Sex: 1 = female, 2 = male</p> <p>DT: developmental treatment. Easy or Hard </p> <p>GenDad & GenMom: unique identifier. Genetic father or mother. </p> <p>DS, GP, PC1NO, PC1exp, Immobility: personality scores from Gerritsma et al., 2023. When precluded by "s", they are standardized ((x - mean) / sd). </p> <p>Broodsize: numerical, natal broodsize. </p> <p>nestID: unique identifier for nest, arbitrary numbering. </p> <p>Aviary: aviary in which individual was born. Arbitrary numbering. </p> <p>Groupday: combination of day and group. First day of first group would be 11. Tenth day of first group would be 101. </p> <p>Sexmc: mean-centered sex (sex-avg(sex)). </p> <p>Broodsizemc: mean-centered brood size. </p> <p>logTI: log10(immobility)</p> <p>DT3: numerical representation of DT. 1 = hard, 0 = easy. </p>
Dataset: Location- and feature-based selection histories make independent, qualitatively distinct contributions to urgent visuomotor performance
<p>This dataset (packaged as the zip file history_share.zip) accompanies the article titled "Location- and feature-based selection histories make independent, qualitatively distinct contributions to urgent visuomotor performance" by EE Oor, E Salinas, and TR Stanford which is available as a preprint in bioRxiv. The experimental results in the article are based on behavioral data collected from 2 monkey subjects during performance of a visuomotor task (the compelled oddball task), as described in the text. This dataset contains the trial-by-trial behavioral results collected for each subject and upon which all subsequent analyses were based.</p> <p>In addition to the trial-wise data arrays (stored in the files dataC.csv, dataN.csv, and dataCN.csv), the package includes Matlab functions and scripts (*.m files) used to analyze the data and recreate the results and figures in the article. Instructions and specifics are detailed in the README file. </p>
FIGURE 6 in High degree of independence in the feeding apparatus of planarian FLatworms
FIGURE 6 Percentage of feeding response of aboral, oral portions of pharynx and whole pharynx upon feeding (nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test for whole pharynges and oral portions of pharynges; ns, not significant).
FIGURE 5 in High degree of independence in the feeding apparatus of planarian FLatworms
FIGURE 5 Inducement effects of serial dilutions of pork liver extracts on feeding response of isolated pharynges (Kruskal-Wallis test, **P <0.01; *P <0.05; ns, not significant).
FIGURE 4 in High degree of independence in the feeding apparatus of planarian FLatworms
FIGURE 4 Percentage of intact worms and isolated pharynges showing feeding response to pieces of pork liver and liver extracts.
FIGURE 3 in High degree of independence in the feeding apparatus of planarian FLatworms
FIGURE 3 Recovery of feeding in three species after head amputation. Data represent percentage of food uptake from one to nine days post- amputation. A: Dugesia sp.; B: Girardia sp.; C: Paucumara falcata (nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, **P <0.01; *P <0.05; ns, not significant).
FIGURE 2 Three species and their isolated pharynges. A in High degree of independence in the feeding apparatus of planarian FLatworms
FIGURE 2 Three species and their isolated pharynges. A: Dugesia sp.; B: Girardia sp.; C: Paucumara falcata; D–F: isolated pharynges of Dugesia sp., Girardia sp. and Paucumara falcata, respectively (intestinal, aboral side at the top and oral end at the bottom; scale bars: 500 µm).
FIGURE 1 in High degree of independence in the feeding apparatus of planarian FLatworms
FIGURE 1 Schematic diagram of specimen preparation. A–B: amputation of Dugesia sp., Girardia sp. (A) and Paucumara falcata (B) (dashed line indicates level of transection); C: isolated pharynx; D: transection of isolated pharynx (upper part originally connected to the intestine and thus forming the aboral end, while the opposite portion concerns the oral end). Downloaded from Brill.com 06/21/2024 07:45:14PM via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FIGURE 7 in High degree of independence in the feeding apparatus of planarian FLatworms
FIGURE 7 Feeding response of isolated complete pharynx, oral portion, and aboral portion of pharynges of (A) Dugesia sp., (B) Girardia sp., (C) Paucumara falcata. Panels no. 1 show intact pharynx, with liver tissue being transported through peristaltic movements and being expelled at the aboral end (top); panels no. 2 show oral portion of the pharynx, with liver tissue being expelled at the aboral end (top); panels no. 3 show unresponsive aboral portion of pharynx being contracted to a sphere. Abbreviations: L, liver tissue; P, pharynx; AP, aboral part of pharynx; OP, oral part of pharynx. In all figures: aboral part at the top and oral portion at the bottom; scale bars: 200 µm. Downloaded from Brill.com 06/21/2024 07:45:14PM via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Collective behavior evolves independently of benthic-limnetic divergence in stickleback
<p>Comparing populations across replicate environments or habitat types can help us understand the role of ecology in evolutionary processes. If similar phenotypes are favored in similar environments, parallel evolution may occur. Collective behavior, including collective movement (e.g., schooling, flocking) and social networks, can play a key role in the adaptation by animals to different environments. However, studies exploring the parallelism of collective behavior are limited, with research traditionally focusing on morphological traits. Here, we asked if collective behavior has evolved in parallel across replicate populations of benthic and limnetic three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). There were repeatable, population-level differences in collective behavior in a common garden, with some populations forming groups that were more cohesive and with higher strength and clustering coefficients. This suggests that collective behavior can evolve. However, these differences were not predicted by ecotype (benthic vs. limnetic). We found no evidence that boldness or morphological traits – both of which are known to be associated with benthic-limnetic divergence – were correlated with collective behavior. Together, these results suggest that while collective behavior evolves in this system, it does not co-evolve with divergence along the benthic-limnetic axis.</p>
Dataset: Independent Bank Corp. (INDB) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Dataset: Independent Bank Group, Inc. (IBTX) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Dataset: Independent Bank Corporation (IBCP) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Mate preferences act independently on different elements of visual signals in Heliconius butterflies
<p>Mating cues are often comprised of several elements, which can act independently, or in concert to attract a suitable partner. Individual elements may also function in other contexts, such as predator defence or camouflage. In <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies, wing patterns comprise several individual colour pattern elements, which advertise the butterflies' toxicity to predators. These wing patterns are also mating cues and males predominantly court females that possess the same wing pattern as their own. However, it is not known whether male preference is based on the full wing pattern or only individual pattern elements. We compared preferences of male <em>H. erato lativitta</em> between female models with the full wing pattern and those with some pattern elements removed. We found no differences in preference between the full wing pattern model and a model with pattern elements removed, indicating that the complete composition of all elements is not essential to the mating signal. Wing pattern preferences also contribute to pre-mating isolation between two other Heliconius taxa, <em>H. erato cyrbia</em> and <em>H. himera</em>, therefore, we next compared preferences for the same models in these species. <em>H. erato cyrbia</em> and <em>H. himera</em> strongly differed in preferences for the models, potentially providing a mechanism for how pre-mating isolation acts between these species. These findings suggest that contrasting levels of selective constraint act on elements across the wing pattern.</p>
Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships and intra specific recombination patterns among different AlYVV molecules. The maximumlikelihood phylogenetic tree contains 27 in Alternanthera yellow vein virus (AYVV); a betasatellite independent begomovirus infecting Sonchus palustris in Pakistan
Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships and intra specific recombination patterns among different AlYVV molecules. The maximumlikelihood phylogenetic tree contains 27 known complete genomes of AlYVV from databank and two complete genomes determined in this study (indicated in black boxes). The tree was rooted on ToLCNDV (AB613826) as an out-group. The schematic representation of recombination events detected by RDP4. Arrows and blocks at the bottom correspond respectively to open reading frames (ORFs) and intergenic regions: pre-coat protein (AV2), coat protein (CP), replication-associated proteins (Rep and REn), transcriptional protein (TrAP), and AC4 region. AlYVV from different countries were colored differently. The colors of blocks represent the different ALYVV species and strains. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap confidence scores (1000 replicates).
Figure 1 in Alternanthera yellow vein virus (AYVV); a betasatellite independent begomovirus infecting Sonchus palustris in Pakistan
Figure 1. Sonchus Palustris plant and cloning of begomovirus: (A) Asymptomatic plant showing vein yellowing symptoms; (B) Symptomatic plant; (C) Amplification using Phi29 DNA polymerase, restriction and cloning of viral molecules; (lane 1-2) Amplified RCA product, (lane 3-4) restriction of RCA product resulted in 2.8kb fragment usingEco RI, (lane 6-7) Confirmation of cloning of virus 2.8kb in pTZ57R vector using EcoRI and Hindlll, lane 5 shows 1Kb marker. Size of pTZ57R vector is also 2.88 Kb.
Figure 4 in Alternanthera yellow vein virus (AYVV); a betasatellite independent begomovirus infecting Sonchus palustris in Pakistan
Figure 4. Comparison of the phylogenetic trees of the Rep-gene (A) and CP-gene (B) of AlYVV for recombination analysis. AlYVV from different countries were colored differently. Lines show assortment of Rep gene and CP genes in different clusters showing intraspecific recombination. Rep and CP gene from AlYVV determined in this study are indicated in black boxes. Clade I contains AlYVV and clade II encompasses closely related viruses like LuYVVNV, RaLCV and AEV. The trees were arbitrarily rooted on the sequences of the Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (AB613826). Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap confidence scores (1000 replicates).
Fig. 1. 50 in Parmotrema clavuliferum and P. reticulatum are independent species
Fig. 1. 50% majorityrule consensus tree of the molecular phylogenetic relationships in Parmotrema clavuliferum and P. reticulatum, based on 15,000 trees from the B/MCMC treesampling procedure and from the dataset of nu ITS and mt SSU sequences. Branches that were strongly supported in all three analyses (i.e., PP ≥ 0.95 in the B/MCMC analysis and ≥ 70% in both bootstrap values of the ML and MP) are indicated in solid bold line. Numbers on branches indicate bootstrap values of ML (left), MP (middle), and B/MCMC posterior probabilities (right).
Figure 7. Results obtained for the mean, the mean standard deviations and the mean standard errors of the independent speech variable in dyslalic subjects (both the control and the experimental group)
<p>Following the logopedic assessment of the investigated subjects, we moved on to the statistic processing of the gathered data, and we analysed the results obtained from the tests administered to the two groups after one year of speech therapy. The conducted analysis was directed both at the overall effectiveness of the speech therapy, and at the importance of strategies for the language development and stimulation, through the use of the computer-assisted Terapers system. It was noticed that the results obtained for the dyslalic subjects (children with pronunciation disorders) from the experimental group improved significantly due to the computer-based therapeutic program, compared to the subjects in the control group (who underwent classical therapy). The mean, the standard deviations and the standard error of the mean obtained for the independent speech variable in dyslalic children (control group and experimental group) are presented in Figure 7.</p>
The "social brain" is highly sensitive to the mere presence of social information: An automated meta-analysis and an independent study
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>How the human brain process social information is an increasingly researched topic in psychology and neuroscience, advancing our understanding of basic human cognition and psychopathologies. Neuroimaging studies typically seek to isolate one specific aspect of social cognition when trying to map its neural substrates. It is unclear if brain activation elicited by different social cognitive processes and task instructions are also spontaneously elicited by general social information. In this study, we investigated whether these brain regions are evoked by the mere presence of social information using an automated meta-analysis and confirmatory data from an independent study of simple appraisal of social vs. non-social images. Results of 1,000 published fMRI studies containing the keyword of “social” were subject to an automated meta-analysis (neurosynth.org). To confirm that significant brain regions in the meta-analysis were driven by a social effect, these brain regions were used as regions of interest (ROIs) to extract and compare BOLD fMRI signals of social vs. non-social conditions in the independent study. The NeuroSynth results indicated that the dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, bilateral amygdala, bilateral occipito-temporal junction, right fusiform gyrus, bilateral temporal pole, and right inferior frontal gyrus are commonly engaged in studies with a prominent social element. The social – non-social contrast in the independent study showed a strong resemblance of the NeuroSynth map. ROI analyses revealed that a social effect was credible in 8 out of the 11 NeuroSynth regions in the independent dataset. The findings support that the “social brain” is highly sensitive to the mere presence of social information. </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.