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87 results for “inselberg”
FIGURE 1. A in A new species of Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) from an inselberg of Espírito Santo state, Brazil
FIGURE 1. A. Habit; B. Detail of the abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) leaf surfaces; C. Floral bract; D. Abaxial surface of the calyx; E. Adaxial surface of the calyx; F. Corolla; G. Fruit. (R.C. Forzza et al. 7530 (CESJ). Drawn by Ricardo Borges)
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) from an inselberg of Espírito Santo state, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of Stachytarpheta tomentosa and S. gesnerioides var. gesnerioides. The distribution of S. gesnerioides var. gesnerioides, a species predominantly found in the Cerrado, is shown only for Atlantic Forest for the purposes of this paper.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Gomesa (Oncidiinae, Orchidaceae) from inselbergs in Brazilian caatinga: morphological and karyological evidence
FIGURE 3. Morphological and karyological comparisons of Gomesa caatingana and G. flexuosa. A. Flower morphology of G. flexuosa. B. Karyotype of G. flexuosa, 2n = 56. C. Flower morphology of G. caatingana. D. Karyotype of G. caatingana, 2n = 168. Scale bars (B, C) = 10μm.
FIGURE 1. Gomesa caatingana. A in A new species of Gomesa (Oncidiinae, Orchidaceae) from inselbergs in Brazilian caatinga: morphological and karyological evidence
FIGURE 1. Gomesa caatingana. A. Habitat where the type specimen was collected: an inselberg, Lagoa da Serra do Paulo District, São João do Tigre, Paraíba. B. Habit. C. Detail of the inflorescence. D. Dissected flower. E. Detail of the polllinia. F. Detail of the callus.
FIGURE 5 in Rediscovery and new combination of Serpocaulon demissum (Polypodiaceae), an endangered endemic species to the Brazilian inselbergs
FIGURE 5. Comparison between rhizome scales of the related species of Serpocaulon: A. S. catharinae (from D. Sanín et al. 6834, BHCB). B, C. S. demissum (from D. Sanín et al. 7229, BHCB). D. S. vacillans (from D. Sanín et al. 6855, BHCB). Scale bars: A, B & D: 1 mm, C: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Rediscovery and new combination of Serpocaulon demissum (Polypodiaceae), an endangered endemic species to the Brazilian inselbergs
FIGURE 4. Distribution of Serpocaulon demissum. Black dots represent collections. Conventions: ES, Espírito Santo; MG, Minas Gerais; RJ, Rio de Janeiro, and SP, São Paulo States.
FIGURE 2 in Rediscovery and new combination of Serpocaulon demissum (Polypodiaceae), an endangered endemic species to the Brazilian inselbergs
FIGURE 2. Serpocaulon demissum: A. Habit. B. Detail of segments. C. Rhizome scale. D. Laminar scale. From: D. Sanín et al. 7229 (BHCB).
FIGURE 7 in Rediscovery and new combination of Serpocaulon demissum (Polypodiaceae), an endangered endemic species to the Brazilian inselbergs
FIGURE 7. Comparison of Lugol starch test (Johansen 1940), on the rhizome of Serpocaulon demissum and its relatives. A. S. catharinae (from D. Sanín et al. 7209, BHCB). B. S. demissum (from D. Sanín et al. 7229, BHCB). C S. vacillans (from D. Sanín et al. 7164, BHCB). Scale bars: A−C: 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Rediscovery and new combination of Serpocaulon demissum (Polypodiaceae), an endangered endemic species to the Brazilian inselbergs
FIGURE 1. Brazilian inselbergs locality where Serpocaulon demissum occurs: A, B., Pedra do Garrafão, Espírito Santo.
FIGURE 6 in Rediscovery and new combination of Serpocaulon demissum (Polypodiaceae), an endangered endemic species to the Brazilian inselbergs
FIGURE 6. Spore comparisons between the related species of Serpocaulon. A. Lateral view of S. catharinae. B. Detail from folded perine of S. catharinae (A, B from D. Sanín et al. 6771, BHCB). C, D. Lateral and proximal view of S. demissum (from A. Salino et al. 14539, BHCB). E, F. Lateral and proximal view of S. vacillans (from D. Sanín et al. 6855, BHCB). Scale bars: A, C−F: 20 µm; B: 10 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Rediscovery and new combination of Serpocaulon demissum (Polypodiaceae), an endangered endemic species to the Brazilian inselbergs
FIGURE 3. Serpocaulon demissum: A. Habit, scale bar: 10 cm. B. Rhizome with size perspective, scale bar: 5 cm. C. Rhizome branching, scale bar: 2 cm. D. Fiddlehead, scale bar: 4 cm. E. Phyllopodia detail, scale bar: 2 cm. F. Rhizome cross-section, scale bar: 2 cm. G. Base of the lamina with falcate and reflexed pinnae, scale bar: 3 cm. H. Abaxial view of the fertile lamina, scale bar: 5 cm. I. Middle fertile segment detail, scale bar: 1.5 cm. J. Proximal segments with nectaries. K. Apex of the lamina, scale bar: 2 cm. All from D. Sanín et al. 7229 (BHCB). The asterisk indicates the rhizome apex and the arrows indicate the location of nectaries.
Data from: High species diversity and turnover in granite inselberg floras highlight the need for a conservation strategy protecting many outcrops
Determining patterns of plant diversity on granite inselbergs is an important task for conservation biogeography due to mounting threats. However, beyond the tropics there are relatively few quantitative studies of floristic diversity, or consideration of these patterns and their environmental, biogeographic and historical correlates for conservation. We sought to contribute broader understanding of global patterns of species diversity on granite inselbergs and inform biodiversity conservation in the globally significant Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR). We surveyed floristics from 16 inselbergs (478 plots) across the climate gradient of the SWAFR stratified into three major habitats on each outcrop. We recorded 1060 species from 92 families. At the plot level, local soil and topographic variables affecting aridity were correlated with species richness in herbaceous (HO) and woody vegetation (WO) of soil-filled depressions, but not in woody vegetation on deeper soils at the base of outcrops (WOB). At the outcrop level, bioclimatic variables affecting aridity were correlated with species richness in two habitats (WO and WOB) but, contrary to predictions from island biogeography, were not correlated with inselberg area and isolation in any of the three habitats. Species turnover in each of the three habitats was also influenced by aridity, being correlated with bioclimatic variables and with inter-plot geographic distance, and for HO and WO habitats with local site variables. At the outcrop level, species replacement was the dominant component of species turnover in each of the three habitats, consistent with expectations for long-term stable landscapes. Our results therefore highlight high species diversity and turnover associated with granite outcrop flora. Hence, effective conservation strategies will need to focus on protecting multiple inselbergs across the entire climate gradient of the region.
Data from: Genetic connectivity and diversity in inselberg populations of Acacia woodmaniorum, a rare endemic of the Yilgarn Craton banded iron formations
Historically rare plant species with disjunct population distributions and small population sizes might be expected to show significant genetic structure and low levels of genetic diversity due to the effects of inbreeding and genetic drift. Across the globe terrestrial inselbergs are habitat for rich, often rare and endemic flora and are valuable systems for investigating evolutionary processes that shape patterns of genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity at the landscape scale. We assessed genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity across the range of the historically rare inselberg endemic Acacia woodmaniorum. Phylogeographic and genetic structure indicates that connectivity is not sufficient to produce a panmictic population across the limited geographic range of the species. However, historical levels of gene flow are sufficient to maintain a high degree of adaptive connectivity across the landscape. Genetic diversity indicates gene flow is sufficient to largely counteract any negative genetic effects of inbreeding and random genetic drift in even the most disjunct or smallest populations. Phylogeographic and genetic structure, a signal of isolation by distance, and a lack of evidence of recent genetic bottlenecks suggest long term stability of contemporary population distributions and population sizes. There is some evidence that genetic connectivity among disjunct outcrops may be facilitated by the occasional long distance dispersal of Acacia polyads carried by insect pollinators moved by prevailing winds.
Figure 4 in The effect of altitude on arid inselbergs along a bioclimatic gradient
Figure 4. Mean and standard deviation of percent of local species pool for plains and per inselberg habitats for four inselberg landscapes (Ete-Bar: n = 9; Spk: n = 8; NR: n = 3; Sperr: n = 4).
Figure 3 in The effect of altitude on arid inselbergs along a bioclimatic gradient
Figure 3. Mean and standard deviation of Bray–Curtis similarity indices between plains and inselbergs per inselberg landscape (Ete-Bar: n = 9; Spk: n = 8; NR: n = 3; Sperr: n = 4).
Figure 1 in The effect of altitude on arid inselbergs along a bioclimatic gradient
Figure 1. Position of inselberg landscapes in the Namib Desert included in this study (dark grey shading, Succulent Karoo; medium shading, Namib Desert; light shading, Nama Karoo Biome).
Figure 2 in The effect of altitude on arid inselbergs along a bioclimatic gradient
Figure 2. Bray–Curtis similarity indices between inselbergs and surrounding matrix along altitude gradients for four inselberg landscapes (ETE-BAR, Etendeka-Barab; SPK, Spitzkoppe; NR, Namibrand; Sperr, Sperrgebiet).
FIGURE 3. Vellozia inselbergae. A–E in Vellozia inselbergae (Velloziaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest inselbergs
FIGURE 3. Vellozia inselbergae. A–E. Cross section of median region of leaf. B. Detail of sclerified cell bundles in adaxial epidermis (black arrow). C. Furrow in the abaxial surface. D. Midrib. E. Fibro-vascular bundles in the lamina border. F. Leaf abaxial epidermis. G–H. Leaf adaxial epidermis, showing the rounded cluster of cells (black arrow). I–J. Pedicel cross-section, showing the fibro-vascular bundles (black arrow) and belt of sclerified cells (red arrow). Black bar scale = 50 μm; grey bar scale = 500 μm. Vouchers: A. Queiroz 3825. B–E and G–J. Mello-Silva 4040. F. Rapini 1043.
FIGURE 2. Vellozia inselbergae. A–B. Habit. C in Vellozia inselbergae (Velloziaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest inselbergs
FIGURE 2. Vellozia inselbergae. A–B. Habit. C. Detail of hypanthium emergences. D. Sepal. E. Petal. F. Stigma. G. Longitudinal section of the flower, detailing the proximal region. H. Frontal view of the stamen attachment region. I. Lateral view of the stamen attachment region. J. Stamens. Voucher: Mello-Silva 4040.
FIGURE 1 in Vellozia inselbergae (Velloziaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest inselbergs
FIGURE 1. Vellozia inselbergae (Mello-Silva 4040). A. Frontal view of the flower. B. Flower in longitudinal section. C–D. Lateral view of the flower, with detail of hypanthium emergences (D). E. Habit. F. Renato Mello-Silva collecting the holotype. Photographs by Renato Mello-Silva (A–E) and Jenifer C. Lopes (F).
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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