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58 results for “intraguild predation”
Data from: Reciprocal intraguild predation and predator coexistence
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Intraguild predation is increased in areas of low prey diversity in a generalist predator community
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Pulsed supplies of small fish facilitate short-term intraguild predation in salmon-stocked streams
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Data from: Competitors and predators alter settlement patterns and reproductive success of an intraguild prey
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Data from: Cannibalism and intraguild predation community dynamics: coexistence, competitive exclusion and the loss of alternative stable states
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Data from: Intraguild predation leads to genetically based character shifts in the threespine stickleback
Intraguild predation is a common ecological interaction that occurs when a species preys upon another species with which it competes. The interaction is potentially a mechanism of divergence between intraguild prey populations, but it is unknown if cases of character shifts in intraguild prey are an environmental or evolutionary response. We investigated the genetic basis and inducibility of character shifts in threespine stickleback from lakes with and without prickly sculpin, a benthic intraguild predator. Wild populations of stickleback sympatric with sculpin repeatedly show greater defensive armor and water column height preference. We lab-raised stickleback from lakes with and without sculpin, as well as marine stickleback, and found that differences between populations in armor, body shape, and behavior persisted in a common garden. Within the common garden, we raised stickleback half-families from multiple populations in the presence and absence of sculpin. Although the presence of sculpin induced trait changes in the marine stickleback, we did not observe an induced response in the freshwater stickleback. Behavioral and morphological trait differences between freshwater populations thus have a genetic basis and suggest an evolutionary response to intraguild predation.
Data from: The behavioral type of a top predator drives the short-term dynamic of intraguild predation
Variation in behavior among individual top predators (i.e., the behavioral type) can strongly shape pest suppression in intraguild predation (IGP). However, the effect of a top predator's behavioral type—namely, foraging aggressiveness (number of killed divided by prey time) and prey choosiness (preference degree for certain prey type)—on the dynamic of IGP may interact with the relative abundances of top predator, mesopredator, and pest. We investigated the influence of the top predator's behavioral type on the dynamic of IGP in a three-species system with a top predator spider, a mesopredator spider, and a psyllid pest using a simulation model. The model parameters were estimated from laboratory experiments and field observations. The top predator's behavioral type altered the food-web dynamics in a context-dependent manner. The system with an aggressive/nonchoosy top predator, without prey preferences between pest and mesopredator, suppressed the pest more when the top predator to mesopredator abundance ratio was high. In contrast, the system with a timid/choosy top predator that preferred the pest to the mesopredator was more effective when the ratio was low. Our results show that the behavioral types and abundances of interacting species need to be considered together when studying food-web dynamics, because they evidently interact. To improve biocontrol efficiency of predators, research on the alteration of their behavioral types is needed.
Data from: Behavioral changes in tadpoles after multigenerational exposure to an invasive intraguild predator
Prey subject to intraguild predation may face conflicting selective pressure on behavior, with competition favoring increased activity and predation favoring activity reduction. To discover how this evolutionary conflict might be resolved, we compared the behavior of tadpoles from four families drawn from different populations that had potentially co-evolved with an introduced intraguild predator for up to 90 years with the behavior of tadpoles from four families from unexposed populations. Intraguild prey were tadpoles of the declining California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii) and the intraguild predator was the invasive American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), a voracious predator and strong competitor of other anurans. Limited evidence suggests that some native amphibians that have co-occurred with invasive predators for generations show adaptive behavioral responses to predator chemical cues. We tested whether R. draytonii larvae from families either allotopic or syntopic with bullfrogs would show responses to cues from overwintered bullfrog larvae. In the presence of cues, early-stage syntopic larvae decreased movement, consistent with an evolved innate defense, while allotopic larvae did not show behavioral changes. Later-stage syntopic larvae were generally more active than allotopic larvae, especially in the absence of cues, indicating a potential adaptive response to competition from bullfrog larvae. Increased activity appeared to be timed for when tadpoles became more resistant to predation. This is the first study to show changes in behavior across development consistent with complex selective pressure from an introduced intraguild predator. These findings have important implications for management of an endangered amphibian and a widely-introduced, invasive intraguild predator.
Data for: Food Web Structure Significantly Affects the Body Condition and Survival of an Amphibian Intraguild Predator
<p>Data for upcoming publication</p>
Interaction between hunting strategy, habitat type and stratum drive intraguild predation and cannibalism
Intraguild predation (IGP) is a common interaction between generalist predators when they competitively exploit similar resources and prey on each other. Theoretical models predict limitations for intraguild predator coexistence unless some mechanisms, such as utilization of alternative prey (i.e., trophic niche partitioning) and cannibalism, increase the relative intraspecific clustering and interspecific segregation. As hunting strategies determine trophic niches of predators and their own vulnerability to predation, the hunting strategies may also determine the relative importance of cannibalism, predation, and exploitative competition and consequently the intensity of IGP. The importance of hunting strategies on the potential outcome of IGP and how habitat properties modify the interaction between hunting strategies remain poorly understood. Using published data on spider prey of spider predators, we first investigated how predation of a top-predator on a mesopredator is determined by the functional distance between both predators to understand how predation and exploitation are distributed in spider communities. Subsequently, we investigated the predation among spiders with particular hunting strategies to understand which strategies interact most frequently. We also investigated whether the interaction between hunting strategies was influenced by habitat type (forest, open (semi)natural habitat, agroecosystem) or by habitat stratum (ground vs. vegetation). The hunting strategies of top-predators and mesopredators interacted to determine the relative capture proportions of conspecifics and hetero-specifics. This interaction was further modified by habitat type and stratum. Two mechanisms can reinforce coexistence in highly diverse spider communities. First, top-predators preyed most frequently on functionally distinct mesopredators, which indicates the overall intensity of IGP may be relaxed by a balanced distribution between exploitative competition and predation. Second, cannibalism was common for top-predators with a hunting strategy of frequently preying on functionally similar mesopredators. Cannibalism may lead to self-limitation of top-predator populations and may thereby facilitate coexistence between two predator species.
Figures 1–6 in First report of intraguild predation in scorpions (Scorpiones Buthidae) from Turkey
Figures 1–6: Figures 1–2. Adult female Hottentotta saulcyi preying upon an adult malе оf Compsobuthus matthiesseni. Figures 3–4. Adult female H. saulcyi preying upon an adult male of Mesobuthus mesopotamicus. Figures 5–6. Subadult H. saulcyi preying upon an adult male of C. matthiesseni.
Data from: Intraguild predation leads to genetically based character shifts in the threespine stickleback
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Data from: Intraguild predation in pioneer predator communities of Alpine glacier forelands
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Data from: The behavioral type of a top predator drives the short-term dynamic of intraguild predation
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Data from: Behavioral changes in tadpoles after multigenerational exposure to an invasive intraguild predator
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Interaction between hunting strategy, habitat type and stratum drive intraguild predation and cannibalism
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Data from: Intraguild predation drives evolutionary niche shift in threespine stickleback
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May a furtive predator take benefit from an encounter effect against intraguild predators
<p>Dataset.</p>
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