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191 results for “invasion mechanisms”
Spatial structure of reproductive success infers mechanisms of ungulate invasion in Nearctic boreal landscapes
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An invasive grass species has both local and broad-scale impacts on diversity: Potential mechanisms and implications
<p>Questions</p> <p>The impact of invasive plant species on native diversity varies with spatial scale, with some invaders leading to broad-scale diversity declines and others only local declines. These discrepancies may reflect the invaders capacity to reduce niche opportunities across spatial scales which can be associated with their functional traits. We investigated impact-scale relationships and trait-based mechanisms, in areas invaded by the exotic perennial grass species, <i>Bothriochloa pertusa</i>. We examine root traits specifically, as belowground competition was considered particularly important to the success of this species.</p> <p>Location</p> <p>Grassy 'ironbark' woodlands of eastern Queensland, Australia</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We examined plots with varying degrees of invasion by <i>B. pertusa,</i> at multiple spatial scales (up to 1000 m<sup>2</sup>) and analysed changes to the species area relationships (SARs) with increasing invader cover. Changes to SARs were assessed in relation to the invaders effect on rare (low-patch-occupancy) and common species in the community. In a separate analysis within the same habitat we collected root cores across a gradient of invader cover and analysed changes to community root traits that were considered important correlates of competition for space and nutrients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Invasion-induced reductions in diversity were pervasive at all scales investigated, and this was associated with a proportionally greater effect on rare species in the community. In the separate root analysis, changes in community root traits with increasing invader cover were potentially indicative of more intense competition for resources rather than space.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The observed regional-scale dominance of <i>B. pertusa</i> and associated declines in diversity warrant serious concern for the conservation of native plant communities and species in a region already at risk from other anthropogenic threats. Intense competition for belowground resources is likely a contributing mechanism to the success of <i>B. pertusa</i> in this study system. Experimental examination of this and other mechanisms would help to validate these findings.</p>
Elucidating mechanisms of invasion success: effects of parasite removal on growth and survival rates of invasive and native frogs
<p>1. Identifying the mechanisms underlying biological invasions can inform the management of invasive species. The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) suggests that invasive species have a competitive advantage in their introduced range because they leave behind many of their predators and parasites from their native range, allowing them to shift resources from defenses to growth, reproduction, and dispersal. Many studies have demonstrated that invasive species have fewer parasites than their native counterparts, but few studies have tested whether the loss of these natural enemies appears to be a primary driver of the invasion process.</p> <p>2. To test the ERH, we conducted a mark-recapture study in which we used an anthelmintic drug to successfully reduce parasitic worms in invasive Cuban treefrogs (<em>Osteopilus septentrionalis</em>) and native treefrogs (<em>Hyla</em> spp.) at half of 12 wetlands, marking nearly 4,200 frogs. If the ERH is supported, we would expect that treating for parasitic worms would have a greater benefit to native than invasive hosts.</p> <p>3. Growth and survival rates of invasive and native treefrogs responded similarly to the anthelmintic treatment, suggesting that the Cuban treefrog's release from parasitic worms does not appear to significantly contribute to its invasiveness in established areas. Instead, it appears that the overall faster rates of growth and maturation, higher survival rates, and larger body sizes of Cuban treefrogs that we observed may contribute to their expansion and proliferation.</p> <p>4. <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Although Cuban treefrogs have a lower diversity of parasitic worms in their invasive than native range, this does not appear to significantly contribute to their invasion success in areas where they have been established for more than 20 years. This suggests that any manipulation of parasites in invasive or native hosts would not be an effective method of controlling Cuban treefrogs or reducing their impacts. Further research into other hypotheses is needed to explain the Cuban treefrog's success and help guide management actions to reduce their spread and negative impacts. Our study demonstrates that enemy release may not be a primary driver of invasiveness, highlighting the need for more experimental tests of the enemy release hypothesis to examine its generality.</p>
Data from: Mechanisms that influence sex ratio variation in the invasive hymenopteran Sirex noctilio in South Africa
Sirex noctilio is an economically important invasive pest of commercial pine forestry in the Southern Hemisphere. Newly established invasive populations of this woodwasp are characterised by highly male-biased sex ratios that subsequently revert to those seen in the native range. This trend was not observed in the population of S. noctilio from the summer rainfall regions in South Africa, which remained highly male-biased for almost a decade. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of this persistent male-bias. As explanation for this pattern we test hypotheses related to mating success, female investment in male versus female offspring and genetic diversity affecting diploid male production due to complementary sex determination. We found that 61% of females in a newly established S. noctilio population were mated. Microsatellite data analysis showed that populations of S. noctilio from the summer rainfall regions in South Africa are far less genetically diverse than those from the winter rainfall region, with mean Nei's unbiased gene diversity indexes of 0.056 and 0.273, respectively. These data also identified diploid males at low frequencies in both the winter (5%) and summer (2%) rainfall regions. The results suggest the presence of a complementary sex determination mechanism in S. noctilio, but imply that reduced genetic diversity is not the main driver of the male-bias observed in the summer rainfall region. Among all the factors considered, selective investment in sons appears to have the most significant influence on male-bias in S. noctilio populations. Why this investment remains different in frontier or early invasive populations is not clear but could be influenced by females laying unfertilized eggs to avoid diploid male production in populations with a high genetic relatedness.
Evaluation of Conventional Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation (NIV) Versus an Automatic Ventilation Mode.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03872167. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Physiological Study of Minimally Invasive ECCO2R in Exacerbations of COPD Requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02586948. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Customized Masks in Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06215391. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Closed-Loop O2 Use During Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Of Pediatric Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05714527. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Prediction of Successful Liberation From Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Via Lung and Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Intensive Care Unit Patients, Prospective, Observational Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06461754. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Epidemiology of Non- Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Argentina: a Multicenter Observational Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06837402. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 37.
The External Diaphragm Pacemaker Assisted Extubation in Premature Infants With Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06404294. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
Distribution of Pulmonary Ventilation in Lateral Decubitus of Healthy Adults Under Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06489509. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Evaluation of the Effects on Carbon Dioxide (paCO2) of a New Oronasal Mask in Patients With Severe COPD Exacerbation Requiring Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07081776. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Electrical Impedance Tomography Monitoring and Invasive Mechanical Ventilation During Pronation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04605133. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Risk Factors for Prolonged Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04411459. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Non-invasive Tool to Assess Electrophysiological Mechanisms in Cardiac Arrhythmias
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05772182. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Early Cycloergometric Physiotherapy in Critically Ill Patients With Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02478411. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Comparison of Gas Exchange Between Two Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Modes in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05843123. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Exacerbation Prevention GOLD IV COPD With Non Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01481727. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Trophic Nutrition in Patients Submitted to High Flow Oxygen Therapy and / or Non Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03728452. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 21.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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