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139 results for “island radiation”
Linking micro and macroevolution of head shape in an island radiation
<p>Phenotypic traits have been shown to evolve in response to variation in the environment. However, the evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of phenotypic diversity can typically only be understood at the population level. Consequently, how subtle phenotypic differences at the intraspecific level can give rise to larger-scale changes in performance and ecology remains poorly understood. We here tested for the covariation between ecology, bite force, jaw muscle architecture, and the three-dimensional shape of the cranium and mandible in 16 insular populations of the lizards <i>Podarcis melisellensis</i> and <i>P. sicula</i>. We then compared the patterns observed at the among-population level with those observed at the interspecific level. We found that three-dimensional head shape as well as jaw musculature evolve similarly under similar ecological circumstances. Depending on the type of food consumed or on the level of sexual competition, different muscle groups were more developed and appeared to underlie changes in cranium and mandible shape. Our findings show that the local selective regimes are primary drivers of phenotypic variation resulting in predictable patterns of form and function. Moreover, intraspecific patterns of variation were generally consistent with those at the interspecific level, suggesting that microevolutionary variation may translate into macroevolutionary patterns of ecomorphological diversity.</p>
Figs. 61–64. Scotognapha taganana, new species. 61. Left male palp, ventral view. 62. Same, retrolateral view. 63. Epigynum, ventral view. 64 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 61–64. Scotognapha taganana, new species. 61. Left male palp, ventral view. 62. Same, retrolateral view. 63. Epigynum, ventral view. 64. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 57–60. Scotognapha galletas, new species. 57. Left male palp, ventral view. 58. Same, retrolateral view. 59. Epigynum, ventral view. 60 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 57–60. Scotognapha galletas, new species. 57. Left male palp, ventral view. 58. Same, retrolateral view. 59. Epigynum, ventral view. 60. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 47–50. Scotognapha wunderlichi, new species. 47. Left male palp, ventral view. 48. Same, retrolateral view. 49. Epigynum, ventral view. 50 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 47–50. Scotognapha wunderlichi, new species. 47. Left male palp, ventral view. 48. Same, retrolateral view. 49. Epigynum, ventral view. 50. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 51–56 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 51–56. Scotognapha teideensis (Wunderlich). 51. Left male palp, ventral view. 52. Same, retrolateral view. 53, 54. Same, retrolateral tibial apophysis, variation. 55. Epigynum, ventral view. 56. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 43–46. Scotognapha brunnea Schmidt. 43. Left male palp, ventral view. 44. Same, retrolateral view. 45. Epigynum, ventral view. 46 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 43–46. Scotognapha brunnea Schmidt. 43. Left male palp, ventral view. 44. Same, retrolateral view. 45. Epigynum, ventral view. 46. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 35–38 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 35–38. Scotognapha canaricola (Strand). 35. Left male palp, ventral view. 36. Same, retrolateral view. 37. Epigynum, ventral view. 38. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 31–34. Scotognapha medano, new species. 31. Left male palp, ventral view. 32. Same, retrolateral view. 33. Epigynum, ventral view. 34 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 31–34. Scotognapha medano, new species. 31. Left male palp, ventral view. 32. Same, retrolateral view. 33. Epigynum, ventral view. 34. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 23–26. Scotognapha juangrandica, new species. 23. Left male palp, ventral view. 24. Same, retrolateral view. 25. Epigynum, ventral view. 26 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 23–26. Scotognapha juangrandica, new species. 23. Left male palp, ventral view. 24. Same, retrolateral view. 25. Epigynum, ventral view. 26. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 19–22 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 19–22. Scotognapha convexa (Simon). 19. Left male palp, ventral view. 20. Same, retrolateral view. 21. Epigynum, ventral view. 22. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 27–30. Scotognapha atomaria Dalmas. 27. Left male palp, ventral view. 28. Same, retrolateral view. 29. Epigynum, ventral view. 30 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 27–30. Scotognapha atomaria Dalmas. 27. Left male palp, ventral view. 28. Same, retrolateral view. 29. Epigynum, ventral view. 30. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 39–42. Scotognapha haria, new species. 39. Left male palp, ventral view. 40. Same, retrolateral view. 41. Epigynum, ventral view. 42 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 39–42. Scotognapha haria, new species. 39. Left male palp, ventral view. 40. Same, retrolateral view. 41. Epigynum, ventral view. 42. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 7–12 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 7–12. Scotognapha teideensis (Wunderlich). 7, 8. Tarsus of leg I, trichobothrial base, dorsal view. 9, 10. Metatarsus of leg I, plumose setae, dorsal view. 11. Spinnerets, lateral view. 12. Posterior lateral spinneret, apical segment, lateral view.
Figs. 13–18 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 13–18. Scotognapha teideensis (Wunderlich). 13. Anterior lateral spinneret, apical view. 14. Posterior lateral spinneret, apical view. 15. Retrolateral apophysis of male palpal tibia, retrolateral view. 16. Right male palp, ventral view. 17, 18. Right male palp, ventral and apical views.
Figs. 1–6 in A Review of the Ground Spider Genus Scotognapha (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), and its Radiation on the Canary and Salvage Islands
Figs. 1–6. Scotognapha teideensis (Wunderlich). 1. Carapace, dorsal view. 2, 3, 4. Chelicerae, posterior view. 5. Endites, ventral view. 6. Tarsal organ from leg I, dorsal view.
Reconciling supertramps, great speciators and relict species with the taxon cycle stages of a large island radiation (Aves: Campephagidae)
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Linking micro and macroevolution of head shape in an island radiation
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Data from: Forget-me-not phylogenomics: Improving the resolution and taxonomy of a rapid island and mountain radiation in Aotearoa New Zealand (Myosotis; Boraginaceae)
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Ecological specialization, rather than the island effect, explains morphological diversification in an ancient radiation of geckos
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The non-dereliction in evolution: Trophic specialisation drives convergence in the radiation of red devil spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands
<p>Natural selection plays a key role in deterministic evolution, as clearly illustrated by adaptive radiations. Unlike most spiders, <em>Dysdera</em> species display a high variability of cheliceral morphologies, which has been suggested to reflect different levels of specialisation to feed on isopods. In this study, we integrate geometric morphometrics and experimental trials with a fully resolved phylogeny of the highly diverse endemic species from the Canary Islands to (1) characterize cheliceral morphologies, (2) unravel their dietary function, (3) examine if they evolved multiple times independently (4) verify whether convergent evolution of morphotypes has occurred and (5) test if specialization could lead to evolutionary irreversibility. We show the existence of nine cheliceral morphotypes and uncovered their significance for trophic ecology. Further, we demonstrate that similar ecomorphs evolved multiple times in the archipelago, providing a novel study system to explain how convergent evolution and irreversibility due to specialization may be combined to shape phenotypic diversification in adaptive radiations.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.