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133 results for “isotope analysis”
Fig. 9 in Faunal dynamics across the Silurian-Devonian positive isotope excursions (δ C, δ O) in Podolia, Ukraine: Comparative analysis of the Ireviken and Klonk events
Fig. 9. Stratigraphic distribution of the Al−normalized abundance for selected major and trace elements as well as Al2O3 and TOC contents (wt.%) and the U/Th and V/Cr ratios from the Dnistrove section (see SOM 4). Approximated proxy values, resulted from the Mo, V, and Cr content below the detection levels, are asterisked. Averaged data for the higher Lower Devonian strata from Zalishchyky (Ivanie Beds; Małkowski et al. 2009; Fig. 2; see SOM 4) are also shown. Shades of gray denote two slices of the SIDECIE.
Fig. 4 in Faunal dynamics across the Silurian-Devonian positive isotope excursions (δ C, δ O) in Podolia, Ukraine: Comparative analysis of the Ireviken and Klonk events
Fig. 4. Lithologic and faunal succession through the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds at Dnistrove in the early Klonk Event, with detail of newly proposed Dnistrove Level, against the secular pattern of δ13C (black curve) and δ18O (grey curve) values (after Małkowski and Racki 2009: table 2). Note that the system boundary is placed 0.7 m higher than the tentative positioning given in Małkowski et al. (2009: fig. 6). Onset of the carbon isotope anomaly (SIDECIE), first appearances of the index graptolite and conodont species are shown, as well as the key brachiopod distribution (Baliński 2012; see also Figs. 8, 19, 20), rapid lateral changes of crinoid accumulations, and selected samples.
Acid fractionation during carbonate digestion with phosphoric acid – Assessment of two different techniques applied for clumped and stable isotope analysis using a Tuneable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectrometer (TILDAS) [dataset]
<p>Date files : </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Data 1 (Relationship between Mixing ratio difference of sample and WRG and D638 value).xlsx;Data 2 (Role of bulk isotope composition (δ628 & δ636) on Δ638).xlsx;Data 3 (CDES scale conversion).xlsx;Data 4 (VPDB scale conversion for d628 and d636).xlsx;Data 5 (Reference material values).xlsx;Data 6 (Break seal method acid fractionation factor of calcite).xlsx;Data 7 (IAB method acid fractionation factor of calcite).xlsx</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Stable isotope analysis reveals shifts in diet of a breeding montane bird
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Exploring variability in the diet of depredating sperm whales in the Gulf of Alaska through stable isotope analysis
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Supporting data for tiger beetle stable isotope analysis
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Can diet composition estimates using stable isotope analysis of feathers predict growth and condition in nestling mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides)
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Diet composition based on stable isotopic analysis of fecal samples revealed the preference of Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) for natural wetlands and fishponds
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Isotopic and GDGTs analysis of methane-related biological processes (methane production and oxidation) in a Miocene sedimentary pool
<p>Methane is one of the most important greenhouse gases. A substantial proportion of this gas originates from marine environments where both its biological formation and oxidation occur. Variations in seawater properties due to climatic perturbations are likely to be reflected in the living conditions of both methanotrophic and methanogenic microbiota. The debate about the fate of the marine methane cycle facing global change may benefit from the inclusion of data concerning marine palaeoenvironments, especially salt-bearing sediments, which are a relic of the evaporitic sea. The study presents a GDGT-derived palaeorecord of methane-related biological processes in Miocene Wieliczka Formation sediments (a remnant of the Paratethys sea) as well as a description of present-day microbial communities subsisting in evaporates using activity measurements and high throughput sequencing. The results revealed that GDGT-based indices corresponded with the reconstructed sedimentary conditions and microbial ecophysiology which confirms their applicability of reconstruction for biological methane formation and oxidation in saline environments.</p>
Tracking long-distance migration of marine fishes using compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids
The long-distance migrations by marine fishes are difficult to track by field observation. Here, we propose a new method to track such migrations using stable nitrogen isotopic composition at the base of the food web (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub>), which allows for direct comparison of isotope ratios between proxy organisms of the isoscape and the target migratory animal. We initially constructed a <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub> isoscape in the North Pacific by bulk and compound-specific isotope analyses of copepods (<i>n</i> = 360 and 24, respectively). We then determined retrospective <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub> values of spawning chum salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus keta</i>) from their vertebral centra (10 sections from each of two salmon), and estimated their migration routes by using a state-space model. Our isotope tracking method successfully reproduced a known chum salmon migration route between the Okhotsk and Bering seas, and our findings suggest the presence of a migration route to the Bering Sea Shelf during a later growth stage.
Important contribution of N2O5 hydrolysis to the daytime nitrate in Xi'an, China during haze periods: isotopic analysis and WRF-Chem model simulation
<p>To quantify the contributions of major formation pathways to nitrate, a field observation, coupling with a WRF-Chem model simulation, was conducted in Xi’an, an inland megacity of China. Here is the dataset of ions, stable isotope compositions of nitrogen and oxygen of nitrate, T, RH and the results simulated by WRF-Chem model.</p>
Data from: Spider webs, stable isotopes and molecular gut content analysis: multiple lines of evidence support trophic niche differentiation in a community of Hawaiian spiders
1. Adaptive radiations are typically characterized by niche partitioning among their constituent species. Trophic niche partitioning is particularly important in predatory animals, which rely on limited food resources for survival. 2. We test for trophic niche partitioning in an adaptive radiation of Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiders, which have diversified in situ on the Hawaiian Islands. We focus on a community of nine species belonging to two different clades, one web building and the other actively hunting, which co-occur in wet forest on East Maui. We hypothesize that trophic niches differ significantly both 1) among species within a clade, indicating food resource partitioning, and 2) between the two clades, corresponding with their differences in foraging strategy. 3. To assess niches of the spider species, we measure a) web architecture, the structure of the hunting tool, and b) site choice, the physical placement of the web in the habitat. We then test whether differences in these parameters translate into meaningful differences in trophic niche by measuring c) stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen in the spiders' tissues, and d) gut content of spiders based on metabarcoding data. 4. We find significant interspecific differences in web architecture and site choice. Importantly, these differences are reflected in stable isotope signatures among the five web-building species, as well as significant isotopic differences between web-builders and active hunters. Gut content data also show interspecific and inter-clade differences. Pairwise overlaps of web architecture between species are positively correlated with overlaps of isotopic signature. 5. Our results reveal trophic niche partitioning among species within each clade, as well as between the web-building and actively hunting clades. Based on the correlation between web architecture and stable isotopes, it appears that the isotopic signatures of spiders' tissues are influenced by architectural differences among their webs. Our findings indicate an important link between web structure, microhabitat preference and diet in the Hawaiian Tetragnatha.
Data from: Toward a standardised protocol for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong> The stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen is a powerful tool in many ecological studies, but different sample treatments may affect stable isotope ratios and hamper comparisons among studies. The goal of this study was to determine whether treatments that are commonly used to prepare scleractinian coral samples for stable isotope analysis yield different δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values, and to provide guidelines toward a standardised protocol. </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The animal tissues and Symbiodiniaceae of two symbiotic scleractinian coral species (<em>Stylophora pistillata</em> and <em>Porites lutea</em>) were divided into subsamples to test the effects of the drying method, lipid extraction, acidification treatment and water washing. All the subsamples were analysed for their δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values, using continuous flow elemental analyser/isotope ratio mass spectrometry.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The drying method and lipid extraction treatment had no substantial effects on the δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values of Symbiodiniaceae and animal tissues. Acid treatment did cause significant differences in δ<sup>13</sup>C values (mean differences ≤0.5‰, with individual samples becoming up to 2.0‰ more negative), whereas no ecologically significant differences were observed in δ<sup>15</sup>N values. Animal tissue δ<sup>13</sup>C values may vary depending on whether samples are washed or not. </p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To move towards a standardised protocol in coral research, we recommend using an available drying method (as they are equally acceptable) for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals, examining the need for lipid extraction on a case‐by‐case basis, performing a direct acidification of Symbiodiniaceae and animal tissues, and avoiding washing animal tissue with distilled water.</p>
Research trends in stable isotope analysis: a revision on unconsolidated intertidal ecosystems Supplementary Material 2
<p>Supplementary material corresponding to document "Research trends in stable isotope analysis: a revision on unconsolidated intertidal ecosystems".</p>
Using protein isolation on elasmobranch blood plasma for ecological research and stable isotope analysis
<p>Stable isotope analysis is a useful tool for studying the ecology of elasmobranchs. Analysis of elasmobranch blood plasma provides insight into an individual's ecology on a small temporal scale. However, plasma is a systemic transport vessel containing many dissolved constituents in variable amounts, which may bias analyses and ecological conclusions based on that data.</p> <p>In this study, we develop a new method of protein precipitation using ethanol and acetonitrile to isolate the protein fraction of plasma from Sandbar Sharks, and examine its effects on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values. We also tested these solvent precipitations on bovine serum albumin as a control to assess the introduction of exogenous sources of C and N.</p> <p>Protein isolation resulted in a significant decrease in δ<sup>13</sup>C values and a significant increase in C:N compared to untreated plasma. Isolated proteins were not significantly different in δ<sup>15</sup>N value compared to untreated plasma. We observed no change in isotope composition in bovine serum albumin samples, indicating protein precipitation does not itself affect isotope analysis.</p> <p>These results suggest that the preparation of blood plasma is necessary for stable isotope analysis, to eliminate the biasing effects of other dissolved compounds. We find that solvent precipitation is an effective method of isolating proteins for stable isotope studies.</p>
Analysis of the occurrence of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in the winter season on the southwestern islands of Japan using the insect's strontium radiogenic isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr)
<p><em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>, an invasive pest insect that targets maize and other crops, first arrived in Japan in the summer of 2019. This species occurs year-round in East Asian subtropical regions such as southern mainland China and the island of Taiwan, where the mean air temperature in the coldest month is above 10°C. Adults are similarly found throughout the year on the southwestern islands of Japan. Trap monitoring there showed continuous or intermittent <em>S. frugiperda</em> catches in the 3 winter seasons since 2019. However, it was difficult to distinguish between immigrants arriving from these neighboring areas and local individuals occurring on each Japanese island. In this study, the possible natal origin of captured insects on 5 small islands (Yonagunijima, Taramajima, Okinawajima, Amamioshima, and Tanegashima) was determined by investigating the strontium radiogenic isotope ratios (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) and comparing them with those of reference hosts and insects. Since trapping data and the <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr values of trapped insects didn't support <em>S. frugiperda</em>'s winter breeding on the northernmost island, Tanegashima, further analysis was limited to the 4 southern islands. The <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr values of reference host plants and reared insects on the 4 islands ranged from 0.70929 to 0.71009, while those of catch insects ranged from 0.70885 to 0.71090. The <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr values of the catch insects and the reference on the 4 islands did not differ significantly. In addition, the monthly averages of daily mean air temperature in January and February 2020–2022 were above 10°C, and the wind direction at the surface was mostly from the northeast or northwest. These pieces of evidence, together with winter host availability, suggested that <em>S. frugiperda</em> occurs year-round on the islands. In other words, the year-round occurrence area of <em>S. frugiperda</em> in East Asia extends to the Japanese southwestern islands below Amamioshima Island.</p>
Data from: Dietary partitioning among three cryptobentic reef fish mesopredators revealed by visual analysis, metabarcoding of gut content, and stable isotope analysis
<p>Understanding how mesopredators partition their diet and the identity of consumed prey can assist in understanding the ecological role predators and prey play in ecosystem trophodynamics. Here, we assessed the diet of three common coral reef mesopredators; <em>Pseudochromis flavivertex</em>, <em>Pseudochromis fridmani</em>, and <em>Pseudochromis olivaceus</em> from the family Pseudochromidae, commonly known as dottybacks, using a combination of i) visual stomach content analysis, ii) stomach content DNA metabarcoding (18S, COI), and iii) stable isotope analysis (δ<sup>15</sup>N, δ<sup>13</sup>C). In addition, <em>P. flavivertex</em> is found in two distinct color morphs in the Red Sea, providing an opportunity to analyze intra-morph differences. These techniques revealed partitioning in the dietary composition and resource use among species. Arthropods comprised the main dietary component of <em>P. flavivertex</em> (18S > 60%; COI > 10%), and <em>P. olivaceus</em> (18S = 57.2%) while <em>P. fridmani</em> ingested predominantly mollusks (18S = 51.3%, COI = 24.6%). Despite being small predators, microplastics were found in the gut content of some of these fishes. Stable isotope analysis showed differences in species' isotopic niche breadth and trophic position. <em>Pseudochromis olivaceus</em> presented the largest isotopic niche (SEA<sub>C</sub> = 1.61‰<sup>2</sup>), while <em>P. fridmani</em> showed the smallest isotopic niche (SEA<sub>C</sub> = 0.45‰<sup>2</sup>) among species. Although the two techniques used for stomach content analysis did not show differences in the diet within color morphs of <em>P. flavivertex</em>, they differed in the isotopic niche and resource use. Despite our limited sampling, our findings provide evidence of species-specific differences in the trophic ecology of dottybacks and demonstrate their important role as predators of cryptic invertebrates and small fishes. This study highlights the importance of combining several approaches (short-term: visual analysis and DNA metabarcoding; and long-term: isotope analysis) when assessing the feeding habits of coral reef fish, as they provide complementary information necessary to delimit their niches and understand the role that small mesopredators play in coral reef ecosystems.</p>
Spatiotemporal changes in riverine input into the Eocene North Sea revealed by strontium isotope and barium analysis of bivalve shells
<p>Extended data and calculations belonging to this study are summarized in the supplementary material. These supplements contain the following supplementary data files: </p> <ul> <li>Supplementary material: supplementary Figure S1</li> <li>Supplementary data 1: Element and isotope data for each individual shell</li> <li>Supplementary data 2: <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr salinity variability reconstruction</li> <li>Supplementary data 3: Stratigraphy for sampling locations</li> <li>Supplementary data 4: <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr data for recent oyster shells</li> <li>Supplementary data 5: Extended strontium isotope data</li> </ul>
E-scape: consumer-specific landscapes of energetic resources derived from stable isotope analysis and remote sensing
<p>Energetic resources and habitat distribution are inherently linked. Energetic resource availability is a major driver of the distribution of consumers, but estimating how much specific habitats contribute to the energetic resource needs of a consumer can be problematic.</p> <p>We present a new approach that combines remote sensing information and stable isotope ecology to produce maps of energetic resources (<i>E</i>-scapes). <i>E</i>-scapes project species-specific resource use information onto the landscape to classify areas based on energetic importance.</p> <p>Using our <i>E</i>-scapes, we investigated the relationship between energetic resource distribution and white shrimp distribution and how the scale used to generate the <i>E</i>-scape mediated this relationship.</p> <p><i>E</i>-scapes successfully predicted the size, abundance, biomass, and total energy of a consumer in salt marsh habitats in coastal Louisiana, USA at scales relevant to the movement of the consumer.</p> <p>Our <i>E</i>-scape maps can be used alone or in combination with existing models to improve habitat management and restoration practices and have potential to be used to test fundamental movement theory. </p>
Diet analysis of David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus) based on stable isotope technology
<p>Faecal stable isotopic analysis is now commonly used to investigate diets of mammal herbivores as samples are easy to obtain and reveal short-term dietary trends. In the Jiangsu Dafeng David's Deer National Nature Reserve, supplemental feed has been provided year round for free-ranging deer (Elaphurus davidianus) to survive from food shortages. Plant species are isotopically distinct in the free-ranging area. We assessed the plant species utilization by deer under supplemental feed condition. Diet-faeces trophic shift of deer was obtained in the semi-captive area. Faeces in both areas were collected and faecal δ<sup>13</sup>C values revealed more variable diets of free-ranging deer than semi-captive deer in different months. Mixing model showed that C4 plants were important food source for free-ranging deer when supplemental feed was provided. We suggest that efficiency and impacts of long-term supplemental feed should be considered for degraded habitat restoration.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.