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89 results for “lability”
SGS-LTER Impact of Labile and Recalcitrant Carbon Treatments on Plant Communities (Basal Cover) in a Semiarid Ecosystem on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1997-2012, ARS Study Number 3
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. In a 10-year study, we assessed the influence of five carbon (C) treatments on the labile C and nitrogen (N) pools of historically N enriched plots on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research site located in northeastern Colorado. For eight years, we applied sawdust, sugar, industrial lignin, sawdust + sugar, and lignin + sugar to plots that had received N and water additions in the early 1970s. Previous work showed that past water and N additions altered plant species composition and enhanced rates of nutrient cycling; these effects were still apparent 25 years later. We hypothesized that labile C amendments would stimulate microbial activity and suppress rates of N mineralization, whereas complex forms of carbon (sawdust and lignin) could enhance humification and lead to longer-term reductions in N availability. Results indicated that of the five carbon treatments, sugar, sawdust, and sawdust + sugar suppressed N availability, with sawdust + sugar being the most effective treatment to reduce N availability. The year after treatments stopped, N availability remained less in the sawdust + sugar treatment plots than in the high-N control plots. Three years after treatments ended, reductions in N availability were smaller (40-60%). Our results suggest that hi
SGS-LTER Impact of Labile and Recalcitrant Carbon Treatments on Plant Communities (Density) in a Semiarid Ecosystem on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1997-2012, ARS Study Number 3
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/85547. In a 10-year study, we assessed the influence of five carbon (C) treatments on the labile C and nitrogen (N) pools of historically N enriched plots on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research site located in northeastern Colorado. For eight years, we applied sawdust, sugar, industrial lignin, sawdust + sugar, and lignin + sugar to plots that had received N and water additions in the early 1970s. Previous work showed that past water and N additions altered plant species composition and enhanced rates of nutrient cycling; these effects were still apparent 25 years later. We hypothesized that labile C amendments would stimulate microbial activity and suppress rates of N mineralization, whereas complex forms of carbon (sawdust and lignin) could enhance humification and lead to longer-term reductions in N availability. Results indicated that of the five carbon treatments, sugar, sawdust, and sawdust + sugar suppressed N availability, with sawdust + sugar being the most effective treatment to reduce N availability. The year after treatments stopped, N availability remained less in the sawdust + sugar treatment plots than in the high-N control plots. Three years after
Plant volatiles mediate evolutionary interactions between plants and tephritid flies and are evolutionarily more labile than non-volatile defenses
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>1. Studies show that plant defenses influence the host-use of herbivores and tend to be evolutionarily more labile than herbivore traits (e.g., feeding preferences). However, all previous studies have focused exclusively on non-volatile plant defenses thereby overlooking the roles of plant volatiles.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>2. We hypothesized that volatiles are equally important determinants of herbivore host-use and are evolutionarily more labile than herbivore traits. To test these hypotheses, the following experiments were conducted.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>3. We identified the volatiles and non-volatiles of 17 Asteraceae species and measured their relative contents. We also used a highly resolved bipartite trophic network of the 17 host species and 20 herbivorous (pre-dispersal seed predator) tephritid fly species to determine the evolutionary interactions between plants and herbivores. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>4. The chemical data showed that interspecific similarity in volatiles—but not non-volatiles and phylogenetic distance—significantly accounted for the herbivore community across the plant species; this implies that plant volatiles—but not non-volatile compounds and species identity—dictate plant-tephritid fly interactions. Moreover, we observed phylogenetic signal for non-volatiles but not for volatiles; therefore closely related herbivores do not necessarily use closely related host species with similar non-volatiles, but do tend to attack plants producing similar volatiles. Thus, plant volatiles are evolutionarily more labile than non-volatiles and herbivore traits associate with host use. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>5. These results show that the interactions between plants and herbivores are evolutionary asymmetric, shed light on the role of plant volatiles in plant-herbivore interactions, and highlight the need to include data for both volatiles and non-volatiles when investigating plant-animal interactions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Climate change, sex reversal, and lability of sex determining systems
Sex reversal at high temperatures during embryonic development (e.g. ZZ females) provides the opportunity for new genotypic crosses (e.g. ZZ male x ZZ female). This raises the alarming possibility that climatic warming could lead to the loss of an entire chromosome – one member of the sex chromosome pair (the Y or W) – and the transition of populations to environmental sex determination (ESD). Here we examine the evolutionary dynamics of sex-determining systems exposed to climatic warming using theoretical models. We found that the loss of sex chromosomes is not an inevitable consequence of sex reversal. A large frequency of ZZ sex reversal (50% reversal from male to female) typically divides the outcome between loss of the ZW genotype and the stable persistence of ZZ males, ZW females, and ZZ females. The amount of warming associated with sex chromosome loss depended on several features of wild populations – environmental fluctuation, immigration, heritable variation in temperature sensitivity, and differential fecundity of sex-reversed individuals. Chromosome loss was partially or completely buffered when sex-reversed individuals suffered a reproductive fitness cost, when immigration occurred, or when heritable variation for temperature sensitivity existed. Thus, under certain circumstances, sex chromosomes may persist cryptically in systems where the environment is the predominant influence on sex.
Data from: Climatic niche lability but growth form conservatism in the African woody flora
<p><span>Climatic niche evolution during the diversification of tropical plants has received little attention in Africa. To address this, we characterized the climatic niche of >4000 tropical African woody species, distinguishing two broad bioclimatic groups (forest vs. savanna) and six subgroups. We quantified niche conservatism </span><span>versus</span><span> lability at the genus level and for higher clades, using a molecular phylogeny of >800 genera. Although niche stasis at speciation is prevalent, numerous clades individually cover vast climatic spaces suggesting a general ease in transcending ecological limits, especially across bioclimatic subgroups. </span><span>The forest biome was the main source of diversity, providing many lineages to savanna, but reverse shifts also occurred. </span><span>We identified clades that diversified in savanna after shifts from forest. </span><span>The forest-savanna transition was not consistently associated with a growth form change, though we found evolutionarily labile clades whose presence in forest or savanna is associated respectively with climbing or shrubby species diversification.</span></p>
Labile Carbon Triggers Microbial Priming of Deep Peat Carbon Breakdown Unveiled by Coupled DNA SIP-Metabolomics : NMR raw data
<p>METHODS:</p> <p>180 µL of each DOM sample (two depths, 3 treatments (control, labeled glucose, unlabeled glucose,) and 6 times points (7, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70 days); n=36) were combined with 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane- 5-sulfonate-d6 (DSS-d6) in D2O (20 µL, 5 mM) and thoroughly mixed prior to transfer to 3mm NMR tubes. NMR spectra were acquired on a Varian 600 MHz VNMRS spectrometer equipped with a 5-mm triple-resonance (HCN) cold probe at a regulated temperature of 298K. The 90° 1H pulse was calibrated prior to the measurement of each sample. The one-dimensional (1D) 1H spectra were acquired using a nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) pulse sequence with a spectral width of 12 ppm and 512 transients. The NOESY mixing time was 100ms, and the acquisition time was 4s, followed by a relaxation delay of 1.5s during which pre-saturation of the water signal was applied. Time-domain free induction decays (57,472 total points) were zero filled to 131,072 total points prior to Fourier transform. Chemical shifts were referenced to the 1H methyl signal in DSS-d6 at 0 ppm. The 1D 1H spectra were manually processed, assigned metabolite identification, and quantified using Chenomx NMR Suite 8.3. Metabolite identification was based on matching the chemical shift, J-coupling, and the intensity of experimental signals to compound signals in the Chenomx and custom in-house databases. Quantification was based on fitted metabolite signals relative to the internal standard (DSS-d6). Signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) were measured using MestReNova 14 with the limit of quantification equal to an S/N of 10 and the limit of detection equal to an S/N of 3. 13C labeling was assessed by 13C satellite analysis from the 1D spectra described above or from a 1D-(13C-edited) HSQC experiment. In several cases further corroboration of metabolite identity was made using standard 2-D experiments such as 1H / 13C - heteronuclear correlation (HSQC) experiments or 2-D 1H/ 1H Total Correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY).</p> <p> </p> <p>FUNDING:</p> <p>This research was supported by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), grant no. DE-SC0023297.</p>
Data underlying the study on 'Lability and the rigidification of word order. Evidence from Early Middle English', published in 'Linguistics'
<p>see the publication for a description of the data</p>
Fig. 4 in Comparing essential oils from Australia's 'Victorian Christmas Bush' (Prostanthera lasianthos Labill., Lamiaceae) to closely allied new species: Phenotypic plasticity and taxonomic variability
Fig. 4. The PCA scores plot with individual clusters of chemical profiles highlighted. Clustering shows consistent patterns against taxa or chemotype: LL = P. lasianthos subsp. lasianthos; LS = P. lasianthos subsp. subcoriaceae; Eu = P. eungella; BM = P. sp. Bald Mountain; MK = P. sp. Mount Kaputar; PL= P. sp. Point Lookout; SG = P. sp. Schofields Gap; WG = P. sp. Wollomombi Gorge.
Fig. 3 in Comparing essential oils from Australia's 'Victorian Christmas Bush' (Prostanthera lasianthos Labill., Lamiaceae) to closely allied new species: Phenotypic plasticity and taxonomic variability
Fig. 3. PCA Analysis of essential oils from taxa currently circumscribed as P. lasianthos or P. eungella. LL = P. lasianthos subsp. lasianthos; LS = P. lasianthos subsp. subcoriaceae; Eu = P. eungella; BM = P. sp. Bald Mountain; MK = P. sp. Mount Kaputar; PL= P. sp. Point Lookout; SG = P. sp. Schofields Gap; WG = P. sp. Wollomombi Gorge. A) The PCA scores plot, conveying the pronounced grouping of essential oil profiles according to the presence and absence (or trace amount) of 1,8-cineole. B) The loading plot, showing principle components that influenced chemometric clusters. See Fig. 4 for a clearer clustering pattern of individual taxa.
Fig. 2 in Comparing essential oils from Australia's 'Victorian Christmas Bush' (Prostanthera lasianthos Labill., Lamiaceae) to closely allied new species: Phenotypic plasticity and taxonomic variability
Fig. 2. Row fusion dendrogram -: LL = P. lasianthos subsp. lasianthos; LS = P. lasianthos subsp. subcoriaceae; Eu = P. eungella; BM = P. sp. Bald Mountain; MK = P. sp. Mount Kaputar; PL= P. sp. Point Lookout; SG = P. sp. Schofields Gap; WG = P. sp. Wollomombi Gorge.
Safety/Efficacy of AVP-923 in the Treatment of Emotional Lability (Uncontrolled Crying & Laughing) in Patients With ALS
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00021697. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Assessment of Body, Liver and Labile Plasma Iron and Their Association With Outcome and Immunological Recovery in Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) or Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients Undergoing All
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01746147. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The PEDAL Intervention - Reducing Affective Lability in Bipolar Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07239778. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 25.
Labile Iron Removal by Adding the Iron Chelator MEX-CD1 to Dialysate in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07236463. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Evaluation of Safety, Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of Fractional-dose Inactivated Polio Vaccine (fIPV) Given Intradermally With Double Mutant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Heat Labile Toxin (d
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03922061. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Evolutionary lability of host associations promotes phylogenetic overdispersion of co-infecting blood parasites
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Climate change, sex reversal, and lability of sex determining systems
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Data from: Climatic niche lability but growth form conservatism in the African woody flora
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Plant volatiles mediate evolutionary interactions between plants and tephritid flies and are evolutionarily more labile than non-volatile defenses
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Data from: The evolution of labile traits in sex- and age-structured populations
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