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70 results for “larval host plant”
Larval parasitism in a specialist herbivore is explained by phenological synchrony and host plant availability
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Figure 10 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 10. Final instar larvae of Cyclosia macularia: (A) thoracic leg (scale bar = 1 mm); (B) A3 proleg (scale bar = 1 mm). C – distal claw, CX – coxa, F – femur, TA – tarsus, TI – tibia, TR – trochanter.
Figure 8 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 8. Final instar larva of Cyclosia macularia: (A) lateral perspective (scale bar = 10 mm); (B) ventral perspective (scale bar = 10 mm). AP – abdominal prolegs, AnP – anal prolegs, AS – anal shield, H – head, LB – labrum, MD – mandible, T – tentacle, TL – thoracic legs, PS – prothoracic shield.
Figure 5 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 5. (A) Bipectinate antenna of female Cyclosia macularia (♀; scale bar = 1 mm); (B) ovipositor of female C. macularia (♀; scale bar = 1 mm).
Figure 3 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 3. The obtect pupa is golden-brown in colour, with body length ranging from 2.3 to 2.7 cm. Male pupa (♂; right) and female pupa (♀; left) (scale bar = 10 mm).
Figure 9 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 9. Final instar larvae of Cyclosia macularia: (A) frontal view (scale bar = 1 mm); (B) stemmata region (scale bar = 1 mm). A – antenna, CL – clypeus, LB – labrum, MD – mandibles, S – spinneret, ST – stemmata, T – tentacles.
Figure 7 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 7. (A) Eggs that were laid in mass (scale bar = 1.5 mm); (B) eggs that were laid scattered singly (scale bar = 1.5 mm).
Figure 2 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 2. (A) Pinkish-brown coloured cocoon was aligned at the basal midrib of the leaf (scale bar = 50 mm); (B) the cocoon was detached from the leaf (scale bar = 10 mm).
Figure 6 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 6. (A) Dorsal perspective of male Cyclosia macularia (♂; scale bar = 5 mm); (B) ventral perspective of male C. macularia (♂; scale bar = 5 mm).
Figure 4 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 4. (A) Dorsal perspective of female Cyclosia macularia (♀; scale bar = 5 mm); (B) female C. macularia found on tree bark (♀; scale bar = 10 mm); (C) ventral perspective of female C. macularia fore wing (♀; scale bar = 5 mm).
Data from: Cascading effects of host plant inbreeding on the larval growth, muscle molecular composition, and flight capacity of an adult herbivorous insect.
A primary function of adult winged insects is dispersal. Limiting larval dietary intake (partial starvation) has been shown to affect the flight muscle metabolism of adult moths reared on artificial diet, but a more ecologically relevant question is whether natural variation in host plant quality can lead to differences in the flight capacity of adult insects. Recent studies have shown that inbreeding compromises plant anti-herbivore defenses. We created inbred and outbred progeny from locally collected horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.) and examined how host plant inbreeding affects the growth, development, and flight muscle physiology of tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta L.), a specialist herbivore on Solanaceae. We tested the hypothesis that within population genetic variation in host plant quality, resulting from inbreeding, can create significant changes to the larval development and flight physiology of an adult insect. We found that Manduca larvae reared on inbred horsenettle plants grew faster and developed into larger pupae compared to larvae reared on outbred plants. Adult flight metabolic rate was greater in adults reared on inbred plants compared to outbred plants, and this elevation was independent of body mass when we excluded one plant family that produced small, low metabolic rate moths regardless of breeding regime. Differences in mass-specific flight metabolism were associated with changes in alternative splicing of Troponin t, a flight muscle protein that regulates muscle contraction. These results show that host plant inbreeding can create effects that cascade through larval and pupal development to affect dispersal-related traits of the adult stage. Hence, plant inbreeding may also impact herbivore population dynamics, particularly their ability to spread away from, and possibly into, isolated patches of inbred plants creating increased herbivore pressure on these plant populations. More generally, our findings reveal that changes in population biology at one trophic level can affect the metabolic physiology and flight capacity of an animal at a higher trophic level.
Fig. 2 in Larval Feeding Behavior of Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on its Host Plant, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae): Interaction with Trichomes
Fig. 2. Characteristics of the stellate trichomes removed by Gratiana spadicea (n ¼ 20 per
The effects of host plant species and larval density on immune function in the polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis
<p>Immune functions are costly and immune investment is usually dependent on the individual's condition and resource availability. For phytophagous insects, host plant quality has large effects on performance, e.g. growth and survival, and may also affect their immune function. Polyphagous insects often experience a large variation in quality among different host plant species, and their immune investment may thus vary depending on which host plant species they develop on. Larvae of the polyphagous moth <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>have previously been found to exhibit density-dependent prophylaxis as they invest more in certain immune responses in high population densities. In addition, the immune response of <i>S. littoralis </i>has been shown to depend on nutrient quality in experiments with artificial diet. Here, I studied the effects of natural host plant diet and larval density on a number of immune responses to understand if host plant species affects immune investment in generalist insects, and if the density-dependent prophylaxis could be mediated by host plant species. While host plant species in general did not mediate the density-dependent immune expression, particular host plant species was found to increase larval investment in certain functions of the immune system. Interestingly, these results indicate that different host plants may provide a polyphagous species with protection against different kinds of antagonisms. This insight may contribute to our understanding of the relationship between preference and performance in generalists, as well as having applied consequences for sustainable pest management.</p>
FIGURE 18 in Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant
FIGURE 18. New distributional records for Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock.
FIGURES 1–2 in Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant
FIGURES 1–2. Casearia combaymensis Tul. (Salicaceae): 1. Tree; 2. Fruits.
Figures 6-9. 6 in A note on the rediscovery of the Redspot butterfly Zesius chrysomallus Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from Uttar Pradesh State, with a new larval host plant record for India
Figures 6-9. 6. Wingspan (40 mm). 7. Cordia dichotoma leaves eaten by caterpillar of Zesius chrysomallus. 8. Cordia dichotoma leaves. 9. Oecophylla smaragdina / 6. Envergadura alar (40 mm). 7. Hojas de Cordia dichotoma comidas por la oruga de Zesius chrysomallus. 8. Hojas de Cordia dichotoma. 9. Oecophylla smaragdina.
Figures 1-5. 1 in A note on the rediscovery of the Redspot butterfly Zesius chrysomallus Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from Uttar Pradesh State, with a new larval host plant record for India
Figures 1-5. 1. Egg of Zesius chrysomallus Hübner. 2. Caterpillar. 3. Pupa. 4-5. Underwing and open wing of Zesius chrysomallus Hübner (female) / 1. Huevo de Zesius chrysomallus Hübner. 2. Oruga. 3. Pupa. 4-5. Zesius chrysomallus Hübner (hembra) con alas cerradas y abiertas.
Figures 34-36 from: Zacharczenko B, Wagner D, Hatfield M (2014) A new cryptic Sympistis from eastern North America revealed by novel larval phenotype and host plant association (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Oncocnemidinae). ZooKeys 379: 93-107. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.379.5765
Figures 34-36 - Sympistis forbesi IA: Boone Co., Little Blue Stem Prairie, May 2011 on Triosteum perfoliatum 34 three larvae secreted in a leaf axil; note frass accumulation 35 larvae on new spring leaves; note two larvae on new leaf bundle and one on foreground leaf 36 last instar on a flower of Triosteum perfoliatum, matching the color of the flower and petioles.
Figures 24-27 from: Zacharczenko B, Wagner D, Hatfield M (2014) A new cryptic Sympistis from eastern North America revealed by novel larval phenotype and host plant association (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Oncocnemidinae). ZooKeys 379: 93-107. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.379.5765
Figures 24-27 - Sympistis forbesi middle instar. 24 head, lateral, with adenosma extruded; scale = 250 µm 25 labrum, mandibles, and oral cavity; scale = 100 µm 26 hypophryngeal complex (center left) and maxilla (center right); scale = 100 µm 27 prothoracic leg (note apical and subapical blade-like setae proximal to claws); scale = 100 µm.
Figures 13-18 from: Zacharczenko B, Wagner D, Hatfield M (2014) A new cryptic Sympistis from eastern North America revealed by novel larval phenotype and host plant association (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Oncocnemidinae). ZooKeys 379: 93-107. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.379.5765
Figures 13-18 - Sympistis forbesi and Sympistis chionanthi genitalia 13 Sympistis forbesi HOLOTYPE male, IOWA: Boone Co., Little Blue Stem Prairie, Genitalia CNC slide # 16516 ♂; scale = 1 mm 14 aedoeagus, same data 15 Sympistis chionanthi male, MANITOBA, Cartwright, Genitalia CNC slide # 16515 ♂ 16 aedoeagus, same data 17 Sympistis chionanthi female, SASKATCHEWAN, 8 mi NW Stewart, 1800', Genitalia CNC slide # 13192 ♀; scale = 1 mm 18 Sympistis forbesi paratype female, same data as male, Genitalia CNC slide # 16517 ♀.
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