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289 results for “leaf area”
Datasets of sap flow, meteorological, leaf gas measurements in urban green areas in Helsinki
<p>Datasets of sap flow, meteorological, leaf gas measurements used in the manuscript “Sap flow and leaf gas exchange response to drought and heatwave in urban green spaces in a Nordic city”. Data contains cleaned half-hourly sap flow data and half-hourly meteorological datasets (Tair, Tsoil, RH, soil temperature, soil moisture) at four different urban green areas in Helsinki.</p> <p>Manual measurements of leaf gas exchanges using GFS instruments. Datasets contains mainly the Amax parameters derived from curve fitting and instantaneous values of G and E at PAR 1100 W m<sup>-2</sup>.</p> <p>Folders contain:</p> <ul> <li>Leaf gas exchange data <ul> <li>Leaf_gas_data_all_v2.csv</li> <li>Metadata_leaf gas exchange data.csv</li> </ul> </li> <li>Meteo data <ul> <li>Meteo_Forest_data_30min.csv</li> <li>Meteo_Orchard_data_30min.csv</li> <li>Meteo_Park_data_30min.csv</li> <li>Meteo_Street_data_30min.csv</li> <li>Metainfo_meteo.xlsx</li> </ul> </li> <li>Sap flow data <ul> <li>Sap_Forest_30min_cleaned.csv</li> <li>Sap_Orchard_30min_cleaned.csv</li> <li>Sap_Park_30min_cleaned.csv</li> <li>Sap_Street_30min_cleaned.csv</li> <li>Metadata_info_sap.csv</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
A High-Quality Reprocessed MODIS Leaf Area Index Dataset (HiQ-LAI)
<p>The High-Quality Leaf Area Index (HiQ-LAI) is derived from reprocessed MODIS LAI C6.1 product by SpatioTemporal Information Compositing Algorithm (STICA). This method integrates information from multiple dimensions, including pixel quality information, spatiotemporal correlation, and original observations, to improve the raw MODIS LAI retrievals with poor quality. The HiQ-LAI covers the period from 2000 to 2022, with spatial resolutions of 500m/5km for global vegetation area and temporal resolutions of 8 days.</p> <p> </p> <p>Ground-based verification results show that HiQ-LAI performs better than the original MODIS product (MOD15A2H C6.1). Time series curves of the HiQ-LAI exhibit reduced abnormal fluctuations and better alignment with expected phenological patterns. Additionally, the agreement with ground measurements increases gradually as raw data quality decreases. HiQ-LAI was found to be more continuous and consistent than MODIS LAI on a global scale from both spatial and temporal perspectives, especially in the equatorial regions where optical remote sensing usually cannot achieve good performance. Thus, We anticipate that HiQ-LAI with better spatio-temporal continuity will better support varying global LAI time series applications.</p> <p> </p> <p>Here, we offer a product version with a spatial resolution of 5km and a temporal resolution of 8 days. Another version has a spatial resolution of 500 meters and is available through Google Earth Engine (https://code.earthengine.google.com/?asset=projects/verselab-398313/assets/HiQ_LAI/wgs_500m_8d).</p> <p>More details about HiQ-LAI can be found at https://github.com/tiramisu18/HiQ-LAI</p>
Increases in vein length compensate for leaf area lost to lobing in grapevine
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Specific leaf area is lower on ultramafic than on neighbouring non-ultramafic soils
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Leaf area, biomass, carbon and nitrogen content by species for harvests taken as part of the ITEX flux survey.
Leaf area, biomass, foliar carbon and nitrogen by species for destructive vegetation harvests. Plots were located in the Toolik Lake LTER fertilization experiment in Alaska; at Imnavait Creek, Alaska; at Paddus, Latnjajaure and the Stepps site near Abisko in northern Sweden; and at various sites in Adventdalen, Svalbard, in Zackenberg valley, Northeast Greenland, and at BEO near Barrow, Alaska. Harvests were taken during the growing seasons 2003 to 2009.
NDVI, leaf area index and total foliar N of harvests taken during the ITEX flux survey
Leaf area, biomass, foliar carbon and nitrogen by species for destructive vegetation harvests. Plots were located in the Toolik Lake LTER fertilization experiment in Alaska; at Imnavait Creek, Alaska; at Paddus, Latnjajaure and the Stepps site near Abisko in northern Sweden; and at various sites in Adventdalen, Svalbard, in Zackenberg valley, Northeast Greenland and at BEO near Barrow, Alaska. Harvests were taken during the growing seasons 2003 to 2009.
Leaf area for select species was measured in arctic tundra experimental sites from late June into early August,Toolik Field Sattion, Alaska, Arctic LTER 2000.
Leaf area for select species was measured in arctic tundra experimental sites from late June into early August. Measurements were made in acidic and non acidic tussock tundra and in shrub tundra in control and fertilized plots.
MODIS Leaf Area Index estimates for Alaska: 2002
The MODIS Leaf Area Index (LAI) Product is a global product produced every 8 days. The Leaf Area Index is estimated by a radiative transfer model assuming a given distribution of biome types within each pixel. The LAI Product was evaluated for the period of May 2002 to September 2002. The temporal pattern of spring greenup and fall senescence appeared reasonable across a large latitudinal transect from the Kenai Peninsula to the Arctic Coastal Plain. The temporal pattern also appeared reasonable across an elevational transect from Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest to Caribou Poker Creek Research Watershed to Eagle Summit. The positional accuracy and spatial pattern LAI was judged excellent by comparing the M2002 maximum LAI for the Survey Line Burn with a Landsat ETM+ image. However, there were two consistent problems with the LAI index at all spatial scales. First, a dip in maximum LAI during the green-up period most likely indicated cloud contamination of pixels. Second, the maximum 2002 LAI estimate was unrealistically high (>6.5) in many areas of Alaska. The accuracy of global estimates of leaf area and vegetation indices are suspect for high latitude areas due to several factors: 1) There is no tundra or taiga biome used in the leaf area index radiative transfer model. 2) Although a cloud-screen algorithm is applied on the front-end of processing, sub-pixel cloud contamination may occur over much of Alaska. 3) Subpixel broadleaf shrubs may lead to an overestimate of leaf area index and inflate vegetation indices.This dataset contains MOD15 leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of photosynthetically absorbed radiation (FPAR) for most of Alaska during the 2002 growing season. The data are in hdf format, with one file for each MODIS tile, for each 8-day composite period. The original quality control bits are included in each hdf file. The data are in the integerized sinusoidal projection with approzimately 1-km pixel size. The files were submitted in winzip format. T
Tree ring, leaf mining, climate, and remote sensing data from aspen leaf miner survey sites: I - Basal area increment and d13C
This dataset contiains basal area increment (BAI) and d13C chronologies of 47 aspen cored in 2016 across four sites where leaf mining has been documented since 2004. Chronologies of BAI extend as far back as 1957 and up to 2015. Tree ring d13C chronologies extend from 2004-2015 and were measured on 23 trees from two fo the four sites.
Leaf area index following the ice storm of January 1998 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
This dataset includes measurements of changes in Leaf Area Index (LAI) collected as part of a long-term study of the recovery of the forest canopy following the ice storm of January 1998. Measurements were taken in Watershed 1 and Watershed 6 between July 1998 and July 2006. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Leaf area index (LAI), leaf traps and allometric data for Morella cerifera on Hog Island, VA 2004 and 2007
Leaf-area index (LAI) and understory light levels of Morella cerifera shrub thickets were assessed on Hog Island, Virginia, USA, at four sites along a soil chronosequence. LAI was estimated from annual leaf litter, with allometric models relating stem diameter to leaf area, with a portable integrating radiometer (LI-COR LAI-2000), and from photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) using the Beer-Lambert law. Read More: http://www.esajournals.org/doi/full/10.1890/06-0913
Data from: Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs
Leaf traits are frequently measured in ecology to provide a 'common currency' for predicting how anthropogenic pressures impact ecosystem function. Here, we test whether leaf traits consistently respond to experimental treatments across 27 globally distributed grassland sites across 4 continents. We find that specific leaf area (leaf area per unit mass)—a commonly measured morphological trait inferring shifts between plant growth strategies—did not respond to up to four years of soil nutrient additions. Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations increased in response to the addition of each respective soil nutrient. We found few significant changes in leaf traits when vertebrate herbivores were excluded in the short-term. Leaf nitrogen and potassium concentrations were positively correlated with species turnover, suggesting that interspecific trait variation was a significant predictor of leaf nitrogen and potassium, but not of leaf phosphorus concentration. Climatic conditions and pretreatment soil nutrient levels also accounted for significant amounts of variation in the leaf traits measured. Overall, we find that leaf morphological traits, such as specific leaf area, are not appropriate indicators of plant response to anthropogenic perturbations in grasslands.
Forest inventory, leaf area index, and leaf functional traits of various land cover classes in Kulen, Cambodia
<ol><li><strong>Sub-title 1: </strong>Forest inventory of evergreen forest, regrowth forest, and evergreen forest in Kulen, Cambodia. (<strong>File name: </strong><i>Forest_Inventory_Pub.txt)</i> <strong> </strong></li><li><strong>Sub-title 2: </strong>Species leaf area, chlorophyll a and b and leaf dry matter content of 30 species collected from evergreen forests, regrowth forests, and cashew plantation in Kulen, Cambodia. (<strong>File name:</strong> <i>Leaf_Trait_Species_Pub.txt)</i></li><li><strong>Sub-title 3: </strong>Canopy and total leaf area index from evergreen forests, regrowth forests, and cashew plantation in Kulen, Cambodia. (<strong>File name: </strong><i>LAI_Pub.txt </i>)</li></ol>
Mercury accumulation in leaves of different plant types – the significance of tissue age and specific leaf area
<p></p><p>Mercury, Hg, is one of the most problematic metals from an environmental perspective. To assess the problems caused by Hg in the environment it is crucial to understand the processes of Hg biogeochemistry, but the exchange of Hg between the atmosphere and vegetation is not sufficiently well characterised. We explored the mercury concentration, [Hg], in foliage from a diverse set of plant types, locations and sampling periods to study whether there is a continuous accumulation of Hg in leaves/needles over time. Measurements of [Hg] were made in deciduous and conifer trees in Gothenburg, Sweden (Botanical Garden and city area) as well as of evergreen trees in Rwanda. In addition, data for wheat from an ozone experiment conducted at Östad, Sweden, were included. Conifer data were quantitatively compared with literature data. In every case where older foliage was directly compared with younger, [Hg] was higher in older tissue. Covering the range of current year up to four-year old needles, there was no sign of Hg saturation in conifer needles with age. Thus, over time scales of approximately one month to several years, the Hg uptake in foliage from the atmosphere always dominated over Hg evasion. Rwandan broadleaved trees had generally older leaves due to lack of seasonal abscission and higher [Hg] than Swedish broadleaved trees. The significance of atmospheric Hg uptake in plants was shown in a wheat experiment where charcoal filtrated air lead to significantly lower leaf [Hg]. To search for general patterns, the accumulation rates of Hg in the diverse set of tree species in the Gothenburg area were related to the specific leaf area (SLA). Leaf area based [Hg] was strongly negatively and non-linearly correlated with SLA, while mass-based [Hg] had a somewhat weaker positive relationship with SLA (both relationships with p < 0.001). An elaborated understanding of the relationship behind [Hg] and SLA would support large-scale modelling of Hg uptake by vegetation and Hg circulation in general. </p><p></p>
Intra- and interspecific variability of specific leaf area mitigate the reduction of community stability in response to warming and nitrogen addition
<p><span>Global environmental changes are reducing the diversity and affecting the functioning of natural ecosystems as well as their ability to reliably provide ecosystem functions and services to mankind. Many studies have shown that a greater plant diversity can stabilize community productivity against environmental fluctuations. However, most of these studies focused on plant species richness, thus overlooking the potential role of functional traits in stabilizing community productivity against environmental fluctuations.</span> <span>Whether and how functional trait mean and variability influence community stability in response to environmental changes and their relative contributions to community stability are largely unknown. Here, we used a 10-year experiment to investigate the role of species richness, as well as functional mean and intra- and interspecific variability of specific leaf area (SLA) of plants within- and among communities in driving community stability in response to nitrogen (N) addition and warming.</span> <span>We found that both N addition and warming reduced the temporal stability of community productivity by reducing species richness and its contribution to species asynchrony and species stability. In contrast, changes in the mean and variability of SLA in response to N addition and warming mitigated the reduction of community stability. Specifically, N addition reduced variation in SLA both by reducing interspecific differences in SLA within communities and differences in mean values of SLA among communities. Warming increased intraspecific differences in SLA among communities, leading to higher species stability that partly buffered the reduction of community stability.</span><span> Our study demonstrates the role of trait mean and variability in mitigating the reduction of community stability in response to two pervasive global environmental changes. Gaining a deeper understanding of the processes linking global changes and the stability of our ecosystems requires integrating both trait mean values and trait variability.</span></p>
Scaling the leaf length-times-width equation to predict total leaf area of shoots
<p><strong>Background and Aims:</strong> An individual plant consists of different-sized shoots, each of which consists of different-sized leaves. To predict plant-level physiological responses from the responses of individual leaves, modelling this within-shoot leaf size variation is necessary. Within-plant leaf trait variation has been well investigated in canopy photosynthesis models but less so in plant allometry. Therefore, integration of these two different approaches is needed.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We focused on an established leaf-level relationship that the area of an individual leaf lamina is proportional to the product of its length and width. The geometric interpretation of this equation is that different-sized leaf laminas from a single species share the same basic form. Based on this shared basic form, we synthesized a new length-times-width equation predicting total shoot leaf area from the collective dimensions of leaves that comprise a shoot. Furthermore, we showed that several previously established empirical relationships, including the allometric relationships between total shoot leaf area, maximum individual leaf length within the shoot and total leaf number of the shoot, can be unified under the same geometric argument. We tested the model predictions using five species, all of which have simple leaves, selected from diverse taxa (Magnoliids, monocots and eudicots) and from different growth forms (trees, erect herbs and rosette herbs).</p> <p><strong>Key Results:</strong> For all five species, the length-times-width equation explained within-species variation of total leaf area of a shoot with high accuracy (R2 &gt; 0.994). These strong relationships existed despite leaf dimensions scaling very differently between species. We also found good support for all derived predictions from the model (R2 &gt; 0.85).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our model can be incorporated to improve previous models of allometry that do not consider within-shoot size variation of individual leaves, providing a cross-scale linkage between individual leaf-size variation and shoot-size variation.</p>
Leaf trait covariation and controls on leaf mass per area (LMA) following cotton domestication
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The process of domestication has driven dramatic shifts in plant functional traits including leaf mass per area (LMA). It remains unclear whether domestication has produced concerted shifts in the lower-level anatomical traits that underpin LMA and how these traits in turn affect photosynthesis. </span><span>In this study, we investigated controls of LMA and leaf gas exchange by leaf anatomical properties at the cellular, tissue and whole leaf levels, comparing 26 wild and 31 domesticated genotypes of cotton </span><span>(<em>Gossypium</em>). </span><span>As expected, domesticated plants expressed lower LMA, higher photosynthesis and stomatal conductance</span><span>, suggesting a shift towards the 'faster' end of the leaf economics spectrum. At whole-leaf level, variation in LMA was predominantly determined by leaf density (LD) both in wild and domesticated genotypes. At tissue level, higher leaf volume per area (<em>V</em><sub>leaf</sub>) in domesticated genotypes was driven by a simultaneous increase in the volume of epidermal, mesophyll and vascular bundle tissue and airspace, while lower LD resulted from a dilution effect of lower increased volume of palisade tissue and vascular bundle of high mass density by higher increased volume of epidermis and airspace of low mass density. The volume of spongy mesophyll exerted direct control on photosynthesis in domesticated genotypes but only indirect control in wild genotypes. At cellular level, a shift to larger but less numerous cells with thinner cell walls underpinned a lower proportion of cell wall mass, and thus a reduction in LD. </span><span>Taken together, cotton domestication has triggered synergistic shifts in the underlying determinants of LMA but also photosynthesis, at cell, tissue and whole-leaf level, resulting in a marked shift in plant ecological strategy.</span></p>
Phenotypic plasticity and the leaf economics spectrum: plasticity is positively associated with specific leaf area
<p>Phenotypic plasticity is a key mechanism by which plants respond to changing or heterogeneous conditions. Efforts to predict phenotypic plasticity across plant species have mainly focused on environmental variability or abiotic conditions, i.e., site characteristics. However, the considerable variation in phenotypic plasticity within sites calls for alternative approaches. Different functional groups are thought to differ in their plasticity levels. Further, traits such as leaf specific area (SLA), leaf area (LA) and maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax) reflect central aspects of plant strategies. Lower values of SLA, LA and Amax are indicative of a resource-conservative strategy, which is thought to be associated with lower phenotypic plasticity. We used meta-analytical data to test whether plant functional group (herbs, woody deciduous and woody evergreens) and SLA, LA and Amax are associated with phenotypic plasticity in four trait types: biomass allocation, plant size, leaf morphology and physiology. We obtained data from 168 plant species and accounted for phylogenetic relationships in all analyses. We found a positive relationship between SLA and phenotypic plasticity in biomass allocation, leaf morphology and physiology, with differences across functional groups. In contrast, there was no evidence of greater plasticity in plant size in species with higher SLA; rather the opposite was true for woody evergreens. Amax and LA showed similar, but less consistent associations with phenotypic plasticity. Our results show the potential of building predictive frameworks for phenotypic plasticity based on easily measured plant functional characteristics. Results also provide insights into plant strategies and suggest the existence of potential compromises: resource-conservative, low-SLA species tend to be more stress-tolerant but may be less able to cope with variable conditions due to their generally lower phenotypic plasticity. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms and the potential implications of this association.</p>
Data from: Scaling of leaf area with biomass in trees reconsidered: Constant metabolically active sapwood volume per unit leaf area with height growth
<p>Hypoallometric (slope<1) scaling between metabolic rate and body mass is often regarded as near-universal across organisms. However, there are compelling reasons to question hypoallometric scaling in woody plants, where metabolic rate=leaf area. This leaf area must provide carbon to the metabolically active sapwood volume (VMASW). Within populations of a species, variants in which VMASW increases per unit leaf area with height growth (e.g. ⅔ or ¾ scaling) would have proportionally less carbon for growth and reproduction as they grow taller. Therefore, selection should favor individuals in which, as they grow taller, leaf area scales isometrically with shoot VMASW (slope=1). Using tetrazolium staining, we measured total VMASW and total leaf area (LAtot) across 22 individuals of Ricinus communis and confirmed that leaf area scales isometrically with VMASW, and that VMASW is much smaller than total sapwood volume. With the potential of the LAtot-VMASW relationship to shape factors as diverse as the crown area-stem diameter relationship, conduit diameter scaling, reproductive output, and drought-induced mortality, our work suggests that the notion that sapwood increases per unit leaf area with height growth requires revision.</p>
Hemispherical photographs and calculated Leaf Area Index for study sites in Central Mongolia
<p>Hemispherical photographs taken at grazed and ungrazed plots at two study sites in Central Mongolia during the summers 2022 and 2023.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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