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FIGURE 1 in Reproductive biology of seven fish species of commercial interest at the Ramsar site in the Baixada Maranhense, Legal Amazon, Brazil
FIGURE 1 | Map of Baixada Maranhense Environmental Protection Area, a Brazilian Ramsar Site.
Ontology of Legal Bodies in Classical Athens v.1.0
<p><strong>Ontology of legal bodies in Classical Athens </strong></p> <p>This is version 1.0 of a dataset created in the context of a PhD thesis in "Semantic Annotation and Attic Oratory" that defines the primary legal bodies in Classical Athenian courts c. 419 BC to 323 BC. A legal body is defined as "an individual or group who either proceeds over or judges a legal proceeding". This work draws upon the corpus of Attic oratory and the Pseudo-Aristotelian <em>Athenian constitution</em>, as well as <em>The Law of Ancient Athens</em> by David D. Phillips.</p> <p>This dataset is authored by Rachel Milio (TALOS Ph.D. candidate, Department of Philology, University of Crete), under the supervision of Dr. Maria Papadopoulou (Department of Philology, University of Crete) and Prof. Christophe Roche (TALOS ERA Chair Professor, University of Crete).</p> <p>Acknowledgement: We gratefully acknowledge the generous funding of the European Commission under the ERA Chair Project TALOS AI for SSH (Grant agreement ID: 101087269).</p> <p>Contact: Rachel.Milio@outlook.com</p>
An annotated dataset of Central Acts enacted by the Indian Parliament for legal research
<p>This dataset consists of 858 annotated Central Acts enacted by the Indian Parliament from the year 1838 to 2020. The Central Acts are available in a portable document format (PDF) on <a href="https://www.indiacode.nic.in/">India Code</a> website. This website has been developed by the Legislative Department under the Ministry of Law and Justice in the Government of India and is a digital repository of all enforced Central and State Acts enacted by the Indian Parliament.</p> <p>We used <em>pdfminer.six</em>, a text extraction python library for PDF documents, to convert these unstructured PDFs into a structured JSON format. Furthermore, we used regular expressions to remove the noisy text and extract meta-information (e.g., initial portions of the document containing act title, enactment date, and other meta information) from these acts. The result was a dataset of 858 structured JSON files corresponding to each of the Central Acts with relevant metadata.</p> <p>The annotation schema for the Central Act dataset consists of the following fields:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Act Title:</strong> The title, usually called the “short title," is the name by which an act is known. The short title means the term by which an act or resolution may be cited and often references the date of commencement.</li> <li><strong>Act ID:</strong> It includes the number of the act and the year of its enactment.</li> <li><strong>Enactment Date:</strong> Specifies the date on which the bill becomes an act through approval.</li> <li><strong>Act Definition:</strong> Also known as the "long title," is a summarized breakdown of the act's purpose. It may be presented in only a few words, in some cases, while in others, it can run to several pages.</li> <li><strong>Chapters and Parts:</strong> Chapters or Parts are subdivisions used to arrange the information in an act or other piece of legislation. There is no set pattern as to how these are applied in an act. Sometimes there are only Chapters, or only Parts and other times unlabeled headings. In some cases, Parts are divided into Chapters. So there is no hard-and-fast rule regarding the use of Chapters and Parts in Indian legislation. Furthermore, we define the Chapter (or Part) ID, for example, <em>CHAPTER IV, PART I</em> and Chapter (or Part) Name to identify by its heading. If the Chapter (or Part) has been omitted or repealed within the act, then the ID field will contain <em>[Omitted]</em> or <em>[Repealed] </em>respectively. </li> <li><strong>Sections:</strong> An arrangement of Sections (this is not part of the law, but assists in navigating through an Act or other piece of legislation, especially lengthy documents).</li> <li><strong>Subheadings:</strong> This field is optional and is contained within Chapters or Parts. It is further nested into Sections.</li> <li><strong>Schedule, Annexure, Appendix and Forms:</strong> Many acts have schedules attached at the end, which generally add more details (such as maps or fees), give examples of forms or sets of rules to be used under the act, or list sections of other acts amended by this one. The majority of them will contain amendments and/or repeals of legislation. However, the Schedule to an act always contains supplementary information of importance in meeting the act's objectives.</li> <li><strong>Footnotes:</strong> Footnotes are notes placed at the bottom of a page. They cite references or comment on a designated part of the text above it. This field consist of a key, value pair of page number and footnote text, respectively. It can be empty if there are no footnotes in an act document.</li> </ul>
Figure 1 in Muscidae (Diptera) of medico-legal importance associated with ephemeral organic substrates in seasonally dry tropical forests
Figure 1. Location of sample sites along the seasonally dry tropical forest (Caatinga) in Northeastern Brazil. (A) Petrolina; (B) Betânia; (C) Afogados da Ingazeira; (D) Buíque; (E) Boqueirão.
Figure 3 in Muscidae (Diptera) of medico-legal importance associated with ephemeral organic substrates in seasonally dry tropical forests
Figure 3. Cluster analysis for the similarity between muscid assemblages, according to the type of bait.
Figure 2 in Muscidae (Diptera) of medico-legal importance associated with ephemeral organic substrates in seasonally dry tropical forests
Figure 2. Sex ratio (female/male) of muscids collected in SDTF's fragments in Brazil, according to the type of bait (A) and species (B).
GROUNDS OF EMERGENCE, CHANGE AND TERMINATION OF LEGAL RELATIONS. LEGAL TRANSACTION
<p>Legal relations between their participants arise due to certain circumstances of reality, the occurrence of which leads to creation of mutual rights and obligations.</p> <p>In the science of civil law, such circumstances of reality are called JURAL FACTS.</p> <p>Jural facts have an impact on the dynamics of legal relations.</p> <p>Legal relations not only arise, but also change and terminate through jural facts.</p> <p>JURAL FACTS - are the consequences (actual or legal) of real circumstances of reality arising objectively autonomously or depending on the will of the parties to legal relations, which lead to the emergence, change or termination of legal relations.</p> <p>JURAL FACTS of actions and events.</p> <p>ACTIONS - are characterized by volitional behavior of the parties in legal relations.</p> <ul> <li>Legal (transactions)</li> <li>Illegal (tort).</li> </ul> <p>Legal actions are divided into Legal acts (lawful action of a person intentionally aimed at the emergence, change and termination of legal relations) and Legal doings (lawful behavior of a person leading to legal consequences, regardless of whether the goal was to achieve a legal result</p> <p>EVENTS - are the circumstances of objective reality arising regardless of the will of the parties to legal relations</p> <p>Relative events - the events occurring at the will of a person, but afterwards developing regardless of his/her behavior</p> <p>Absolute events - events, the emergence and development of which are not conditioned upon the behavior of a person.</p> <p>The above mentioned jural facts can be single or complex (multiple).</p> <p>The set of jural facts is called SET OF FACTS</p> <p>The emergence of immovable property ownership requires a combination of two jural facts:</p> <p>1. Conclusion of a sale agreement;</p> <p>2. State registration of the property ownership.</p> <p>LEGAL TRANSACTION is the main element in ensuring the dynamics of legal relations among the jural facts of civil law.</p> <p>Legal transaction - is an act of conscious, volitional actions aimed at achieving the appropriate result and the occurrence of the relevant legal consequence.</p> <p>Legal transactions are divided into unilateral (will), multilateral (agreement).</p>
EVALUATION OF EDUCATIONAL POLICIES FOR EMERGENCY REMOTE EDUCATION AND THE POST-PANDEMIC: A STUDY BASED ON THE LEGAL FRAMEWORKS OF THE STATE SCHOOL SYSTEM OF RORAIMA, BRAZIL
<p>This article provides an assessment of the legal framework built during the social isolation phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, by the Federal Government and the State Government of Roraima, regarding the provision of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERE). This is a research with a qualitative approach, developed through document analysis and bibliographical research, with the selection and categorization of all educational regulations issued by the Union and the state of Roraima in the years 2020 and 2021, as well as articles that deal with of the theme of ERE in the Scielo database and in the Capes Catalog of Theses and Dissertations. The normative instruments that sought to guarantee the right to education of children, young people and adults in basic education when school attendance was prohibited were highlighted. Among the main conclusions, it was found that the lack of infrastructure and technological knowledge of school communities were obstacles, as the bibliography shows, even though legally there was a significant effort from the Roraima Government, to guarantee autonomy to schools in offering ERE.</p>
Data from: Monitoring temporal and spatial trends of illegal and legal fishing in Canada's marine conservation areas using vessel tracking datasets
<p>Expansion of marine conservation areas (CA) necessitates resource-efficient and achievable strategies for monitoring and evaluation of ongoing fishing activity at national levels. To demonstrate and explore such a strategy, we conducted the first extensive analysis of fishing activity within Canada's static, geographically defined marine CAs with fishing regulations (n = 264 areas). We used eight years of Automatic Identification System data to estimate fishing effort across three oceans and conducted temporal and spatial comparisons specific to each CA's regulations and enactment date. We addressed questions on CA effectiveness, fishing displacement, fishing the line behavior, and relationships between fishing activity and spatial CA attributes. We estimated 22,000 hours of fishing activity within CAs after enactments, 22% of which was identified as illegal. CA effectiveness appeared to be lowest for Atlantic CAs based on illegal fishing effort density within CAs. Fishing displacement and fishing the line was generally not apparent as buffer areas around CAs tended to already have higher fishing effort prior to enactments. CA effectiveness and responses to CAs varied considerably, as was visualized using timeseries plots and maps developed for each CA. Our evaluation of a nation's full suite of CAs provides managers with a foundation and approach for continued monitoring and reporting.</p>
Research exceptions in copyright laws around the world in Legal reform to enhance global text and data mining research.
Research exceptions in copyright laws around the world
Legislación sobre depósito legal en países latinoamericanos
<p>Este documento forma parte de los datos de investigación de la tesis doctoral denominada <em>Modelo conceptual para el control bibliográfico universal</em>, presentada a la Universidad de Buenos Aires el día 12 de septiembre de 2022.</p> <p>Se describe la legislación sobre el depósito legal en países latinoamericanos integrantes de la Asociación de Estados Iberoamericanos para el Desarrollo de las Bibliotecas Nacionales de Iberoamérica (ABINIA), - se excluye España y Portugal-:</p> <ol> <li>Argentina</li> <li>Bolivia</li> <li>Brasil</li> <li>Chile</li> <li>Colombia</li> <li>Costa Rica</li> <li>Cuba</li> <li>Ecuador</li> <li>El Salvador</li> <li>Guatemala</li> <li>Honduras</li> <li>México</li> <li>Nicaragua</li> <li>Panamá</li> <li>Paraguay</li> <li>Perú</li> <li>Puerto Rico</li> <li>República Dominicana</li> <li>Uruguay</li> <li>Venezuela</li> </ol>
D6.1 - Report on non-technical barrier and legal issues - Literature-mapping database
<p>This data set presents a literature map for D6.1 "Report on non-technical barrier and legal issues" considering relevant non-technical and legal challenges for consideration during the deployment of a pay-per-wash business model in European.</p>
COVID-19 Testing and Vaccine Literacy for Women With Criminal Legal System Involvement
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05582746. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 11.
Data from: Monitoring temporal and spatial trends of illegal and legal fishing in Canada's marine conservation areas using vessel tracking datasets
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Are cryptocurrencies currencies? Bitcoin as legal tender in El Salvador
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supplemental Material of Relationships between Economic, Legal, Social, and Global Risks with the Success in International Construction Projects at Caribbean Islands with British Influence
<p>Suplemental Material consisting on: 1. Instrument for collecting data and, 2. Survey results of the study.</p>
Collection of International Treaties and Legal Documents (CITLD)
<p> </p> <p><strong>Overview</strong></p> <p>The <strong>Collection of International Treaties and Legal Documents (CITLD)</strong> combines around 200 key international treaties and legal documents and is designed to be an accessible set of basic equipment for the well-rounded international lawyer in the digital age. It covers the following subject areas:</p> <ul> <li>Traditional Core of International Law (treaty law, legal personality, diplomacy, peace and security)</li> <li>International Human Rights Law</li> <li>International Humanitarian Law</li> <li>International Criminal Law</li> <li>Disarmament</li> <li>Environmental Law</li> <li>Trade Law</li> <li>Labor Law</li> <li>Culture</li> <li>Law of the Sea</li> <li>Procedural Law</li> </ul> <p>Each legal instrument is contained in a separate PDF file and is richly annotated with filename metadata. This allows users to download the full data set and execute quick local searches for specific documents to assist with their international legal research needs. Every file contains key citation details on its first page. For treaties these generally are date of adoption, date of entry into force and volume/page in the UN Treaty Series (UNTS). PDF files are further organized in folders according to common subject areas.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data Source</strong></p> <p>The source of the documents is the International Law Handbook of the United Nations (vols 1 through 4), which can be downloaded for free here: <a href="https://legal.un.org/avl/handbook.html">https://legal.un.org/avl/handbook.html</a> It is also included in a zip archive below. As per the original dedication of the UN, the data set and the Handbook "<em>may be reproduced for academic purposes to further this goal [the teaching and dissemination of international law] anywhere in the world</em>". I waive any rights arising from the preparation or annotation with metadata under a CC0 Public Domain dedication.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Open Access Publications (Fobbe)</strong></p> <p>Website<em> </em>—<em> </em><a href="https://www.seanfobbe.com">www.seanfobbe.com</a></p> <p>Open Data — <a href="https://zenodo.org/communities/sean-fobbe-data/">zenodo.org/communities/sean-fobbe-data/</a></p> <p>Source Code — <a href="https://zenodo.org/communities/sean-fobbe-code/">zenodo.org/communities/sean-fobbe-code/</a></p> <p>Regular Publications — <a href="https://zenodo.org/communities/sean-fobbe-publications/">zenodo.org/communities/sean-fobbe-publications/</a></p> <p> </p>
Conference Proceedings of The First International Scientific-Practical Conference- "Modern Tendencies of Dialogue in Multidenominational Society: philosophical, religious, legal view"
<p>Scientific conference</p>
D.O. Bezzubov, S.I. Moskalenko Legal Aspects of the Renewal by Administrative Courts of the Missed Procedure Term under the Conditions of Martial Law
<p>This article discloses topical issues of legal aspects of the renewal by administrative courts of the missed procedural period in the conditions of martial law.</p><p>The opinion expressed is that the resolution of the issue regarding the renewal of the missed procedural term is an evaluative one, and its resolution rests on the discretion of the court, that is, it is within the discretionary powers of the court.</p><p>The applicant's compliance with the above-mentioned conditions regarding the substantiation of the "significance of the reasons for missing" the procedural terms does not oblige the administrative court to make a decision on the renewal of the missed procedural term.</p><p>Analyzing the content of part 1 of Article 121 of the Criminal Procedure Code and its interpretation by the administrative courts of Ukraine, we can come to the conclusion that the introduction of martial law on the territory of Ukraine without reference to objectively insurmountable circumstances, in the presence of significant obstacles or difficulties that made it impossible or difficult to timely apply to the administrative to the court within the period specified by law, is not an unconditional basis for renewing the missed procedural period.</p><p>It is worth noting that although some administrative courts require applicants to provide the most complete justification of the reasons for missing the procedural deadline, this does not limit the administrative court at its own discretion to evaluate the arguments and evidence of the applicant for the renewal of the missed deadline, which may cause a dispute with the opponent in in connection with the groundless renewal of procedural terms by the court.</p><p>In order to achieve legal certainty in public-legal relations, Article 118 of the Civil Code of Ukraine provides for the determination of terms in the administrative process, which is the basis for the conscientious attitude of the participants in the judicial process to the performance of their duties</p><p>The administrative court's satisfaction of an unmotivated application for the renewal of the missed term may lead to a discriminatory situation in relation to other subjects of the appeal and violate the principle of equality of parties in administrative proceedings.</p><p>Supplementing the procedural law with norms that would clearly define the mandatory grounds for renewing the missed procedural term, including in connection with the consequences of military aggression on the territory of Ukraine, would eliminate legal uncertainty regarding the limits of the application of discretionary powers by the administrative court and would eliminate any assumptions of the participants in the court process regarding the violation of the principle of equality of the parties.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>administrative proceedings, procedural term, missing the procedural term, Code of Administrative Proceedings of Ukraine, seriousness of reasons for skipping, martial law.</p>
Data Set of Paper on An Architecture Model-Based Framework for Continuous Data Protection Legal Assessments
<p>Data Set of Paper "An Architecture Model-Based Framework for Continuous Data Protection Legal Assessments".<br>The data set contains illustrations of the example used for evaluating accuracy, including all variations, and model instances of the case studies used for evaluating applicability.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.