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opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Combined genetic and telemetry data reveal high rates of gene flow, migration, and long-distance dispersal potential in Arctic ringed seals (Pusa hispida)

Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) are broadly distributed in seasonally ice covered seas, and their survival and reproductive success is intricately linked to sea ice and snow. Climatic warming is diminishing Arctic snow and sea ice and threatens to endanger ringed seals in the foreseeable future. We investigated the population structure and connectedness within and among three subspecies: Arctic (P. hispida hispida), Baltic (P. hispida botnica), and Lake Saimaa (P. hispida saimensis) ringed seals to assess their capacity to respond to rapid environmental changes. We consider (a) the geographical scale of migration, (b) use of sea ice, and (c) the amount of gene flow between subspecies. Seasonal movements and use of sea ice were determined for 27 seals tracked via satellite telemetry. Additionally, population genetic analyses were conducted using 354 seals representative of each subspecies and 11 breeding sites. Genetic analyses included sequences from two mitochondrial regions and genotypes of 9 microsatellite loci. We found that ringed seals disperse on a pan-Arctic scale and both males and females may migrate long distances during the summer months when sea ice extent is minimal. Gene flow among Arctic breeding sites and between the Arctic and the Baltic Sea subspecies was high; these two subspecies are interconnected as are breeding sites within the Arctic subspecies.

opencc-zeroDec 2009View details →

Data from: Genetic evidence for high propagule pressure and long-distance dispersal in monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) invasive populations

The monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) is a successful invasive species that does not exhibit life history traits typically associated with colonizing species (e.g., high reproductive rate or long-distance dispersal capacity). To investigate this apparent paradox, we examined individual and population genetic patterns of microsatellite loci at one native and two invasive sites. More specifically, we aimed to evaluate the role of propagule pressure, sexual monogamy, and long-distance dispersal in monk parakeet invasion success. Our results indicate little loss of genetic variation at invasive sites relative to the native site. We also found strong evidence for sexual monogamy from patterns of relatedness within sites, and no definite cases of extra-pair paternity in either the native site sample or the examined invasive site. Taken together, these patterns directly and indirectly suggest that high propagule pressure has contributed to monk parakeet invasion success. In addition, we found evidence for frequent long-distance dispersal at an invasive site (~100km) that sharply contrasted with previous estimates of smaller dispersal distance made in the native range (~2km), suggesting long-range dispersal also contributes to the species' spread within the United States. Overall, these results add to a growing body of literature pointing to the important role of propagule pressure in determining, and thus predicting, invasion success, especially for species whose life history traits are not typically associated with invasiveness.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Phylogeography of western Mediterranean Cymbalaria (Plantaginaceae) reveals two independent long-distance dispersals and entails new taxonomic circumscriptions

The Balearic Islands, Corsica and Sardinia (BCS) constitute biodiversity hotspots in the western Mediterranean Basin. Oligocene connections and long distance dispersal events have been suggested to cause presence of BCS shared endemic species. One of them is Cymbalaria aequitriloba, which, together with three additional species, constitute a polyploid clade endemic to BCS. Combining amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, plastid DNA sequences and morphometrics, we inferred the phylogeography of the group and evaluated the species' current taxonomic circumscriptions. Based on morphometric and AFLP data we propose a new circumscription for C. fragilis to additionally comprise a group of populations with intermediate morphological characters previously included in C. aequitriloba. Consequently, we suggest to change the IUCN category of C. fragilis from critically endangered (CR) to near threatened (NT). Both morphology and AFLP data support the current taxonomy of the single island endemics C. hepaticifolia and C. muelleri. The four species had a common origin in Corsica-Sardinia, and two long-distance dispersal events to the Balearic Islands were inferred. Finally, plastid DNA data suggest that interspecific gene flow took place where two species co-occur.

opennotspecifiedDec 2010View details →

FIGURE 8. Bothridia a in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Crotoniidae) from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands: further evidence of long-distance dispersal events in the biogeography of a genus of Gondwanan relict oribatid mites

FIGURE 8. Bothridia a) Crotonia gorgonia sp. nov.; b) Crotonia norfolkensis sp. nov.; c) Crotonia utricularia sp. nov.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Data from: Schneider et al. (2021). Predominantly eastward long-distance dispersal in pantropical Ochnaceae inferred from ancestral range estimation and phylogenomics. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.

The data contains (a) DNA sequence alignments of concatenated nuclear loci, near-complete plastid genomes and plastid genomes with sites removed at a 10% gap threshold; (b) maximum clade credibility trees obtained from divergence time estimation in BEAST with each of the alignments; (c) area codings and the input tree (nuclear DNA only) for the ancestral area analysis in BioGeoBears.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

A global analysis of mosses reveals low phylogenetic endemism and highlights the importance of long-distance dispersal

Aim: Digitization of herbarium specimens and DNA sequencing efforts in the past decade have enabled integrative analyses of patterns of diversity and endemism in a phylogenetic context. Here, we compare the best available floristic databases to a comprehensive specimen database to examine spatial patterns of moss phylogenetic assembly. We test the hypotheses that 1) mosses exhibit phylogenetic regionalization, 2) islands contain significantly high phylogenetic diversity, and 3) that moss phylogenetic endemism is low on a global scale. Location: Global Taxon: Mosses Methods: We developed a phylogeny of 3,654 moss species using 25 markers and compiled a global specimen database from online repositories. We calculated floristic and phylogenetic measures of diversity and endemism and performed randomizations to test for significant deviations from expectations. We use rarefaction and extrapolation to alleviate substantial differences in sampling effort across the globe. We used both phylogenetic and floristic methods to test for spatial regionalization. We compare our specimen-based results to those obtained using a floristic dataset. Results: Phylogenetic diversity is more robust to missing data than species richness. Mean phylogenetic distance was significantly higher than expected in areas with high species richness, indicating that reported richness in these areas is likely a product of repeated colonization. Phylogenetic endemism is low globally. Phylogenetic regionalizations cluster into a Holarctic/Holantarctic temperate region, a pantropical region, and a region composed of Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Main Conclusions: Future efforts for collecting, sequencing, and databasing moss species should focus on the tropics, particularly Africa and Southeast Asia. We provide further evidence to support several important theories developed in moss biogeography, including the role of long-distance dispersal in shaping floristic patterns, the dominance of anagenesis in driving patterns of island diversity, and the role of climatic instability in driving patterns of assembly in the Holarctic.

Figure 2 in No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica

Figure 2: Durvillaea antarctica: frequency of holdfasts with different numbers of stipes, and with only vegetative stipes, only male stipes, only female stipes, and both sexes within one holdfast. Samples collected at (A) 33 beaches on the coast of Chile between 28°S and 42°S (n=1044 stranded holdfasts during the winters 2013, 2014 and 2015), and (B) two sites near the northern distribution limit of D. antarctica (n =56 holdfasts from Puerto Oscuro and n=62 holdfasts from Totoralillo Sur).

Figure 5 in No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica

Figure 5: Durvillaea antarctica: average (mean±SD) concentration (% dry wt) of phlorotannins in blade samples of different sexual stage and locality, Puerto Oscuro and Totoralillo Sur. Different letters above the columns indicate differences between sexual stages significant at p =0.05. Numbers of stipes from each site and sexual stage are listed at the bottom of each column.

Figure 1 in No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica

Figure 1: Study area and spatial distribution of the stranded and benthic D. antarctica in central Chile. PTOS, Puerto Oscuro; TOT, Totoralillo Sur.

Figure 4 in No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica

Figure 4: Durvillaea antarctica: average (mean±SD) concentration (mg/g wet wt) of pigments in blade samples of different sexual stage and locality, Puerto Oscuro and Totoralillo Sur. Different letters above the columns indicate differences between sexual stages significant at p =0.05. Numbers of stipes from each site and sexual stage are listed at the bottom of each column.

Figure 3 in No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica

Figure 3: Durvillaea antarctica: average (mean±SD) colour values of algal samples of different sexual stages and from two localities, Puerto Oscuro and Totoralillo Sur. Different letters above the columns indicate differences between sexual stages significant at p=0.05. Numbers of stipes from each site and sexual stage are listed at the bottom of each column.

opennotspecifiedSep 2011View details →

Fig. 3 in Systematics of Cuscuta chinensis species complex (subgenus Grammica, Convolvulaceae): evidence for long-distance dispersal and one new species

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic relationships among species of the Cuscuta chinensis (C. c.) complex obtained from maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of individual trnL-F (a) and ITS (b) as well as combined datasets (c), all under the HKY + G model of DNA evolution. Asterisks indicate nodes that collapsed in a strict consensus of equally

opennotspecifiedSep 2011View details →

Fig. 1 a–i in Systematics of Cuscuta chinensis species complex (subgenus Grammica, Convolvulaceae): evidence for long-distance dispersal and one new species

Fig. 1 a–i Morphology of dissected calyx in species of Cuscuta chinensis complex. a,d Cuscuta chinensis var. chinensis. b,e C. chinensis var. applanata. c,f C. alata. g C. potosina. h C. azteca. i C. yucatana. Bars 1 mm

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Phylogeography of Bornean land snails suggests long-distance dispersal as a cause of endemism

Aim: Islands are often hotspots of endemism due to their isolation, making colonization a rare event, and hence facilitating allopatric speciation. Dispersal usually occurs between nearby locations according to a stepping-stone model. We aimed to reconstruct colonization and speciation processes in an endemic-rich system of land-based islands that does not seem to follow the obvious stepping-stone model of dispersal. Location: Five land-based habitat archipelagos of limestone outcrops in the floodplain of the Kinabatangan River in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Methods: We studied the phylogeography of three species complexes of endemic land snails, using multiple genetic markers. We calculated genetic distances between populations, applied BEAST2 to reconstruct phylogenies for each taxon, and subsequently reconstructed ancestral ranges using 'BIOGEOBEARS'. Results: We found spatial genetic structure among nearby locations to be highly pronounced for each taxon. Genetic correlation was present at small spatial scales only, and disappeared at distances of five kilometres and above. Most archipelagos have been colonized from within the region multiple times over the past three million years, in 78% of cases as a result of long-distance dispersal or dispersal from non-adjacent limestone outcrops. The flow of the main geographical feature within the region, the Kinabatangan River, did not play a role. Main conclusions: Phylogeographic structure in these Bornean land snails has only partly been determined by small-scale dispersal, where it leads to isolation-by-distance, but mostly by long-distance dispersal. Our results demonstrate that island endemic taxa only very locally follow a simple stepping-stone model, whilst dispersal to non-adjacent islands, and especially long-distance dispersal, is most important. This leads to the formation of highly localized, isolated "endemic populations" forming the onset of a complex radiation of endemic species.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

What drives diversification in a pantropical plant lineage with extraordinary capacity for long-distance dispersal and colonisation?

Aim: Colonisation of new areas may entail shifts in diversification rates linked to biogeographic movement (dispersification), which may involve niche evolution if species were not pre-adapted to the new environments. Scleria (Cyperaceae) includes c. 250 species and has a pantropical distribution suggesting an extraordinary capacity for long-distance dispersal and colonisation. We investigate patterns of diversification in Scleria, and whether they are coupled with colonisation events, climate niche shifts or both. Location: Tropics and subtropics. Taxon: Nutrushes Scleria (Cyperaceae). Methods: We used molecular data from three DNA regions sequenced for 278 accessions representing 140 Scleria taxa (53% of species) to develop a chronogram, model ancestral ranges, and measure rates of diversification. Integrating data from 12,978 digitised and georeferenced herbarium records, we investigated niche evolution. Results: High dispersal rates in Scleria, a genus with multiple dispersal syndromes, make reconstruction of ancestral areas at deep nodes in the phylogeny highly equivocal. Main dispersal and colonisation events involve movements from South to Central America (c. 19), from Africa to Madagascar (c. 12), from Asia to Oceania (c. 7), from Africa to South America (c. 7) and Central America to South America (c. 6). Two main shifts in diversification rates happened during the warm period of the Miocene. Main conclusions: Dispersification from South America to Africa without climate niche shift seems to explain the diversification shift in section Hypoporum implying that species were pre-adapted. Shifts in climate niche evolution predate the second shift in diversification rates suggesting lineages were pre-adapted prior to biogeographic movements. Within subgenus Scleria, colonisations of Asia and Madagascar by sections Elatae and Abortivae, respectively, are coupled with niche shifts suggesting that these colonisations involved climate niche adaptation.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

Migration-tracking integrated phylogeography supports long-distance dispersal-driven divergence for a migratory bird species in the Japanese archipelago

Previous phylogeographic studies of migratory bird species have not discriminated long-distance dispersal (LDD) from vicariant speciation in their diversification process. We conducted an integrative phylogeographic approach to test the LDD hypothesis, which predicts that a Japanese migratory bird subspecies diverged from a population in the coastal region of the East China Sea (CRECS) via LDD over the East China Sea (ECS). We used the Brown Shrike as a model species, and we conducted molecular phylogenetics, species distribution models (SDMs) and migration tracking. We assessed whether the LDD hypothesis is applicable to the divergence history of the Japanese subspecies of the Brown Shrike. The datasets include three zipped files, namely DataS1.zip, DataS2.zip, and DataS3.zip. See the READ ME (AOKI_et_al_2021_DATASET_README.txt) for how each of the folder and files contained in them can be used to reproduce our results. DataS1.zip inlcudes an xml file to conduct the BEAST analysis. Molecular data, which include nucleotide sequences obtained for cytochrome b (cytb), cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI), myoglobin intron-2 (MB) and transforming growth factor beta 2 intron-5 (TGFb2), have been all reposited to DDBJ international nucleotide sequence database, and accession numbers have been already given to them. Accession numbers are provided in the appendix attached to the main manuscript. DataS2.zip includes several data that are related to produce occurrence data of the Brown Shrike used in the analysis and an R code to reproduce the SDMs. Explanatory climatic variables are all available at WorldClim v.1.4 (Hijmans et al., 2005), which are processed in the R code. DataS3.zip includes migratory route analyses using light-level geolocator data are available as the original light-level data and R codes. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted in these analyses, but their codes and results are seperately provided here.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Modelling long-distance seed dispersal of Spathodea campanulata in the Society Islands

These datasets are related to the paper "Modelling long-distance seed dispersal of the invasive tree Spathodea campanulata in the Society Islands" published in Ecological Applications. We used a 3-D kinematic trajectory model (Computing Atmospheric Trajectory tool (CAT)) initiated from regional wind field data to assess the potential for long-distance seed dispersal (LDD) of a wind-dispersed invasive tree, Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) across the Society Islands (French Polynesia, South Pacific Ocean) following its initial planting and spread on the island of Tahiti. The main objective of our study was to determine whether S. campanulata can be expected to spread naturally among islands. Atmospheric dynamics, seed terminal velocity, precipitation, and temperature of air masses were considered to assess the potential for LDD between oceanic islands, with the island of Tahiti serving as the island source for multiple, geographically distant invasions. These datasets contain the number of simulated seed trajectories with Computing Atmospheric Trajectory tool (CAT) in the study area as well as all data corresponding to each figure found in the paper.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2016View details →

Figure 2 in Exploring the potential of brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) as a long-distance seed disperser: a pilot study in South-Western Europe

Figure 2: Summer (continuous line) and fall (dashed line) average distance covered by Balou (black diamonds) and Sarousse (gray triangles) over an 18 h period. This time covers gut retention time (GRT) according to Elfström et al. (2013). For a berry-based diet, median GRT50% is 5 h 47 min long and for a carcass-based diet, it is 14 h 30 min. Ninety-five percent CI have been deleted for better readability but can be found in Table 5.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2016View details →

Figure 1 in Exploring the potential of brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) as a long-distance seed disperser: a pilot study in South-Western Europe

Figure 1: Western and central core brown bear subpopulations in the Pyrenees mountains from 2008 to 2012 and locations (full grey circles) of faeces used in our pilot study and collected by the Brown Bear Network.