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53 results for “mantis shrimp”
FIGURE 5 in First records of two species of reef-associated mantis shrimps (Crustacea Stomatopoda) from India
FIGURE 5. Cloridina malaccensis (Manning, 1968), ♂, TL 68.0 mm, IO/SS/STO/00016 (line illustrations). A, dorsal view of carapace; B, dorsal view of ocular and rostral plates; C, ischiomeral articulation of raptorial claw; D, external view of raptorial claw dactylus, propodus, carpus and distal merus; E, maxilliped 3 propodus; F, thoracic somites 5–8; G, dorsal view of abdomen, telson and uropods; H, ventral view of telson and uropods. Scale: A–E, 2 mm; F–G, 10 mm, H, 5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in First records of two species of reef-associated mantis shrimps (Crustacea Stomatopoda) from India
FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus: A, Gonodactylopsis drepanophora (de Man, 1902), ♀, TL 24.0 mm, IO/SS/STO/00008; B, Cloridina malaccensis (Manning, 1968), ♂, TL 68.0 mm, IO/SS/STO/00016. Scale: 5 mm.
Data from: Contests with deadly weapons: telson sparring in mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda)
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Data from: Strike mechanics of an ambush predator: the spearing mantis shrimp
Ambush predation is characterized by an animal scanning the environment from a concealed position and then rapidly executing a surprise attack. Mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda) consist of both ambush predators (ʻspearersʼ) and foragers (ʻsmashersʼ). Spearers hide in sandy burrows and capture evasive prey, whereas smashers search for prey away from their burrows and typically hammer hard-shelled, sedentary prey. Here, we examined the kinematics, morphology and field behavior of spearing mantis shrimp and compared them with previously studied smashers. Using two species with dramatically different adult sizes, we found that strikes produced by the diminutive species, Alachosquilla vicina, were faster (mean peak speed 5.72±0.91 m s^−1; mean duration 3.26±0.41 ms) than the strikes produced by the large species, Lysiosquillina maculata (mean peak speed 2.30±0.85 m s^−1; mean duration 24.98±9.68 ms). Micro-computed tomography and dissections showed that both species have the spring and latch structures that are used in other species for producing a spring-loaded strike; however, kinematic analyses indicated that only A. vicina consistently engages the elastic mechanism. In the field, L. maculata ambushed evasive prey primarily at night while hidden in burrows, striking with both long and short durations compared with laboratory videos. We expected ambush predators to strike with very high speeds, yet instead we found that these spearing mantis shrimp struck more slowly and with longer durations than smashers. Nonetheless, the strikes of spearers occurred at similar speeds and durations to those of other aquatic predators of evasive prey. Although counterintuitive, these findings suggest that ambush predators do not actually need to produce extremely high speeds, and that the very fastest predators are using speed to achieve other mechanical feats, such as producing large impact forces.
Data from: Common evolutionary trends underlie the four-bar linkage systems of sunfish and mantis shrimp
Comparative biomechanics offers an opportunity to explore the evolution of disparate biological systems that share common underlying mechanics. Four-bar linkage modelling has been applied to various biological systems such as fish jaws and crustacean appendages to explore the relationship between biomechanics and evolutionary diversification. Mechanical sensitivity states that the functional output of a mechanical system will show differential sensitivity to changes in specific morphological components. We document similar patterns of mechanical sensitivity in two disparate four-bar systems from different phyla: the opercular four-bar system in centrarchid fishes and the raptorial appendage of stomatopods. We built dynamic linkage models of 20 centrarchid and 36 stomatopod species and used phylogenetic generalized least squares regression (PGLS) to compare evolutionary shifts in linkage morphology and mechanical outputs derived from the models. In both systems, the kinematics of the four-bar mechanism show significant evolutionary correlation with the output link, while travel distance of the output arm is correlated with the coupler link. This common evolutionary pattern seen in both fish and crustacean taxa is a potential consequence of the mechanical principles underlying four-bar systems. Our results illustrate the potential influence of physical principles on morphological evolution across biological systems with different structures, behaviors and ecologies.
FIGURE 1 in Unusual preservation of fossil mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda): occurrence of mandibles from the Pleistocene Ogushi Formation, Kyushu, Japan
FIGURE 1. Map showing the fossil locality.
Data from: Modularity and scaling in fast movements: power amplification in mantis shrimp
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Data from: Common evolutionary trends underlie the four-bar linkage systems of sunfish and mantis shrimp
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Data from: Strike mechanics of an ambush predator: the spearing mantis shrimp
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Data from: Competing influences on morphological modularity in biomechanical systems: a case study in mantis shrimp
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Data from: Competing influences on morphological modularity in biomechanical systems: a case study in mantis shrimp
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FIGURE 3 in A new coral reef mantis shrimp from the northwestern Indian Ocean, Gonodactylellus celosinus sp. nov. (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Gonodactylidae)
FIGURE 3. Gonodactylellus demanii (Henderson, 1893), Kilakarai, Gulf of Mannar, India, AM P3967: A–L, female, TL 26 mm; M–N, female, TL 18 mm. A, anterior cephalothorax; B, rostral plate, right lateral view; C, M, ocular scales, dorsal view; D, right antennal protopod, lateral view; E, right raptorial claw, lateral view; F, thoracic somites 6–8, right lateral view; G, abdominal somites 4–5 posterolateral angles, right lateral view; H, abdominal somite 6, telson and right uropod, dorsal view (setae omitted); I, abdominal somite 6 and telson, lateral view; J, right uropod, ventral view; K, left uropodal endopod, dorsal view (setae omitted); L, telson, ventral surface; N, rostral plate, dorsal view. Scale = 2.0 mm.
FIGURE 4 in First records of two species of reef-associated mantis shrimps (Crustacea Stomatopoda) from India
FIGURE 4. Cloridina malaccensis (Manning, 1968), ♂, TL 68.0 mm, IO/SS/STO/00016 (colour photographs). A, dorsal view of carapace; B, dorsal view of ocular and rostral plates; C, ischiomeral articulation of raptorial claw; D, external view of raptorial claw dactylus and propodus; E, propodi of maxillipeds 3–4; F, thoracic somites 5–8; G, dorsal view of abdomen, telson and uropods; H, ventral view of telson and uropods. Scale: A, C–H, 10 mm; B, 5 mm.
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