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Fig. 1 in The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic

Fig. 1. Two of the three different morphotypes used in Plesiosauria in this analysis, demonstrating the different regions used in skeletal completeness metrics. A. Cryptoclidus, a "plesiosauromorph". B. Liopleurodon, a "pliosauromorph". Skeletal regions: i, skull and mandible; ii, cervical vertebrae and ribs; iii, dorsal and sacral vertebrae and ribs; iv, pectoral girdle; v, fore limbs; vi, pelvic girdle; vii, hind limbs; viii, caudal vertebrae and ribs. Outlines modified from O'Keefe (2002). Not to scale.

Fig. 5 in The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic

Fig. 5. Box-and-whisker plots showing the distribution of CCM2 and SCM2 data for several major clades of Mesozoic tetrapods. A. Comparison of SCM2 and CCM2 data for plesiosaurs. B. Comparison of CCM2 data for plesiosaurs, sauropodomorphs (from Mannion and Upchurch 2010), birds (from Brocklehurst et al. 2012), and pterosaurs (from Dean et al. 2016). C. Comparison of SCM2 data for plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs (from Cleary et al. 2015), and sauropodomorphs (from Mannion and Upchurch 2010). All silhouettes are from phylopic.org, and are credited to Adam Stuart Smith (Plesiosaurus), Scott Hartman (Brachiosaurus), T. Michael Keesey (Archaeopteryx), and Gareth Monger (Pterodactylus, Ichthyosaurus). Abbreviations: CCM, character completeness metric; SCM, skeletal completeness metric (for detailed explanation of terms see Completeness metrics in Methods section).

Fig. 6. Plesiosaur completeness and discovery through historical time. A in The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic

Fig. 6. Plesiosaur completeness and discovery through historical time. A. Plesiosaur CCM compared to the year in which the species was named. B. Plesiosaur SCM compared to the year in which the species was named. C. Collector's curve of the accumulation of valid plesiosaur species through time. Abbreviations: CCM, character completeness metric; SCM, skeletal completeness metric.

Fig. 4 in The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic

Fig. 4. Changes in skeletal completeness through time. A. Plesiosaur SCM2 and ichthyosaur SCM2. B. Plesiosaur CCM2 and pterosaur CCM2. C. Plesiosaur CCM2 and Mesozoic bird CCM2. Silhouettes are from phylopic.org, and are credited to Adam Stuart Smith (Plesiosaurus), T. Michael Keesey (Archaeopteryx), and Gareth Monger (Pterodactylus, Ichthyosaurus). Abbreviations: CCM, character completeness metric; SCM, skeletal completeness metric (for detailed explanation of terms see Completeness metrics in Methods section).

Fig. 3 in The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic

Fig. 3. Scatterplots comparing generalised differenced (GD) plesiosaur CCM2 and SCM2 to GD data for other time series. A. Plesiosaur CCM2 versus species richness. A weak but significant correlation between the two is driven largely by an influential data point, the Aalenian. B. Plesiosaur SCM2 versus fossiliferous marine formations (FMFs). A weak but significant correlation between the two is driven largely by an influential data point, the Aalenian. The scatterplot for CCM2 versus FMFs (not shown) shows a largely identical pattern. C. Plesiosaur SCM2 versus ichthyosaur SCM2. Silhouettes are from phylopic.org, and are credited to Adam Stuart Smith (Plesiosaurus) and Gareth Monger (Ichthyosaurus). Abbreviations: CCM, character completeness metric; FMF, fossiliferous marine formations; GD, generalised differenced; SCM, skeletal completeness metric (for detailed explanation of terms see Completeness metrics in Methods section).

Fig. 12 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 12. Tooth of the metriorhynchid reptile Metriorhynchus superciliosus de Blainville, 1853 (NHMUK PV OR 47044) from Heddington (Wiltshire), Corallian, in labial view (A), close up of labial ornamentation (B).

Fig. 14 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 14. Time calibrated phylogenetic tree of the main Jurassic Sub-Boreal Seaway marine reptile lineages stratigraphic ranges. A. Plesiosauria (modified from Fischer et al. 2015, 2017). B. Ichthyosauria (modified from Fischer et al. 2014). C. Thalattosuchia (Young et al. 2016; Foffa et al. 2017). MJML, Museum of Jurassic Marine Life—the Steve Etches Collection, Kimmeridge, UK.

Fig. 11 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 11. Teeth of the metriorhynchid reptile Tyrannoneustes. A. YORYM:2016.308, cf. Tyrannoneustes, from Malton (Yorkshire), middle Oxfordian, in labial (A1), axial (A2), and apical (A3) views, detail of the apex of the crown (A4, not to scale). B. NHMUK PV R3939, Tyrannoneustes lythrodectikos Young, Andrade, Brusatte, Sakamoto, and Liston, 2013a, from Peterborough (Cambridgeshire), Callovian, dentary tooth crushed at its base resulting more laterally compressed than in life, in labial (B1), axial (B2, B4), and lingual (B3) views.

Fig. 9 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 9. Teeth of Machimosaurini indet. from Corallian. A. OUMNH J.40669, unkown locality, "Corallian beds", Oxfordian, in labial (A1), axial (A2, A4), and lingual (A3) views. B. OUMNH J.50169, from Headington (Oxfordshire), middle Oxfordian, in lingual/axial oblique view.

Fig. 10 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 10. Teeth of the metriorhynchid reptile Torvoneustes sp. A. YORYM:2016.309, from Malton (Yorkshire), middle Oxfordian, in labial (A1), axial A2), and lingual (A3) views, and close ups of the carina and ornamentation (A4, A5, not to scale). B. CAMSM J.13309, from Malton (Yorkshire), middle Oxfordian, in labial (B1), axial (B2, B4), lingual (B3) views, and close ups of the carinae (B5, B6, not to scale). C–E. Comparative line drawings C, Torvoneustes carpenteri; D, T. mexicanus; E, T. coryphaeus) teeth (C1–E1, not to scale) and details of ornamentation (C2–E2, not to scale), the arrows in E2 show that the ornamentation does not interact with the carinae (modified from Barrientos-Lara et al. 2016).

Fig. 8 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 8. Ichthyosaurid reptile Ophthalmosaurinae indet. (CAMSM J.29866), basioccipital from Ampthill (Bedfordshire), Oxfordian, in posterior (A), lateral (B, E), anterior (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (F) views.

Fig. 7 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 7. Ichthyosaurid reptile cf. Ophthalmosaurus sp. (A) and Reptilia indet. (B) from Malton (Yorkshire), Oxfordian. A. NHMUK R 648, isolated crown, the exact view cannot be assessed. B. NHMUK PV R 6770, tooth in labial (B1), axial (B2, B4), lingual (B3), and apical (B5) views.

Fig. 6 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 6. Postcrania of Plesiosauria indet. A. OUMNH J.50338,?femur of a juvenile plesiosaur, from Headington (Oxfordshire),?middle Oxfordian, in lateral (A1), anterior (A2), medial (A3), posterior (A4), proximal (A5), and distal (A6) views. B. OUMNH J.10349, from Headington (Oxfordshire),?middle Oxfordian, fragment of a girdle element in ventral (B1) and dorsal (B2) views. C. OUMNH J.12340/1,2, from Hatford Farington (Berkshire), pectoral (C1) and dorsal (C2) vertebrae.

Fig. 5 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 5. Teeth of the pliosaurid reptile "Pliosaurus" grossouvrei Sauvage, 1873 (A, B) and "Pliosaurus" andrewsi Tarlo, 1960 (C). A. NHMUK PV OR 47044, from Malton (Yorkshire), middle Oxfordian, in labial (A1), axial (A2, A4), lingual (A3), and apical (A5) views. B. NHMUK PV OR 47971a, from Malton (Yorkshire), middle Oxfordian, in labial (B1), axial (B2), and oblique axial/labial (B3) views. C. NHMUK PV R3891, from Peterborough Cambridgeshire), Callovian, in lingual (C1) and axial (C2) views.

Fig. 2 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic columns showing the Oxfordian geological succession the main Corallian fossiliferous counties (from Cope 2000; Wright 2006, 2009; Coe 1995). Abbreviations: Fm., Formation; L. Calc., Lower Calcareous; Mb., Member; W.L.M, Wheatley Limestone Member;? uncertain occurrence/lost specimen; * from Bedsfordshire. For explanations of animal silhouettes please see Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 3. Teeth of Plesiosauroidea. A. BRSMG Cd5593, cf. Muraenosaurus, from Seend (Whiltshire), lower to middle Oxfordian. B. OUMNH J.47559, Cryptroclididae indet., from Headington (Oxfordshire), middle Oxfordian. C. NHMUK PV R 2861, Muraenosaurus leedsi Seeley, 1874, from Peterborough (Cambridgeshire), Callovian. D. NHMUK PV R3539, Tricleidus seeleyi Andrews, 1909 from Peterborough (Cambridgeshire), Callovian. E. CAMSM J.30070, Cryptoclididae indet. from Ely (Cambridgeshire), Kimmeridgian. F. NHMUK PV R8621, Cryptoclidus eurymerus (Phillips, 1871) from Peterborough (Cambridgeshire), Callovian. G. NHMUK PV R8431, Kimmerosaurus langhami Brown, 1981 from Endcombe Bay (Dorset), Tithonian. A1, B, C4–G4, labial, A2, A3, C1–G1, C3–G3, axial, and C2–G2, lingual views. Note the similarities in the distribution and shape of ornamentation in A and E. C–G modified from Brown (1981).

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Fig. 3 in A large marine eosauropterygian reptile with affinities to nothosauroid diapsids from the Early Triassic of British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 3. Early Triassic map showing occurrences of Early Triassic (Olenekian) and Middle Triassic (Anisian) with potential apex predators in the respective marine ecosystems. Larger Eosauropterygia are represented by a nothosaur-shape and larger Ichthyopterygia by an ichthyosaur-shape. 1, Nevada and Idaho, USA: ichthyopterygian Thalattoarchon (Anisian), "Cymbospondylus"-like, shastasaur-like ichthyopterygians and Cymbospondylus spp. (Smithian/Spathian–Anisian); 2, British Columbia, Canada: Sauropterygia cf. Nothosauroidea indet. (TMP 1995.116.0023) (Smithian/Spathian–Anisian); 3, Svalbard: "Cymbospondylus" like ichthyopterygians or Pessopteryx? (Smithian/Spathian–Anisian); 4, Central Europe: Cymbospondylus buchseri; Nothosaurus giganteus (Anisian); 5, Luoping, southern China: Nothosaurus zhangi (Anisian). Please note that, although there are Spathian age eosauropterygians and ichthyosaurs known from Anhui Province, eastern China, these are not considered large predators herein, although they could still be apex-predators in their respective ecosystems (compare to Hansen and Galetti 2009). It is further noteworthy that the reptile record from the Smithian is virtually inexistent, with maybe the exception of a few isolated bones (e.g., Massare and Callaway 1994), which so far supports an early rapid dispersal of reptiles mainly during the Spathian. Data and map modified from Scheyer et al. 2014 and Romano et al. 2017, with additions by Fröbisch et al. 2013; Maxwell and Kear 2013; Liu et al. 2014. Abbreviations: Dien., Dienerian; G., Griesbachian; M. Trias., Middle Triassic; Smith., Smithian.

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Fig. 1. 3D in A large marine eosauropterygian reptile with affinities to nothosauroid diapsids from the Early Triassic of British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 1. 3D landscape images of Ganoid Ridge, Wapiti Lake area, British Columbia [downloaded from Google Earth Pro on October 3rd 2018; imagery Landsat/Copernicus (09/14/2011), ©2018 DigitalGlobe, ©2018 Province of British Columbia]. A. Overview of the complete Ganoid Ridge reversed). White letters indicate different cirques at Ganoid Ridge. The stippled white line indicates the trend of the major anticline in the area (adopted from Mutter 2004: fig. 1a and references therein). B. Close-up of the southeastern cirques of Ganoid Ridge seen from the North. The anticline is well visible in the grey sediments of the Permian Mowitch Formation in the E and D cirques, surrounded by the darker brownish colored sediments of the Sulphur Mountain Formation. C. Close-up of the fossil site 54°30'32" N; 120°41'24" W) indicated by the white star in the talus slop of the L cirque, seen from the Northeast. Note that well exposed layers in the E cirque can be traced into the L cirque, indicating a similar stratigraphic succession in both cirques. Abbreviations: MM, Meosin Mountain Member; MO, Mowitch Formation; P, Phroso Member, V, Vega Member.

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Fig. 2. TMP 1995.116.0023 in A large marine eosauropterygian reptile with affinities to nothosauroid diapsids from the Early Triassic of British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 2. TMP 1995.116.0023 tentatively identified as aff. Nothosauroidea indet. from the Olenekian, L cirque locality, Ganoid Ridge, Wapiti Lake area, British Columbia, Canada. The specimen consists of two associated larger slabs (A), and two small slabs (B, C) of unclear association. The area where the preserved bones and imprints on the large slab derive from the skeleton is indicated by a red rectangle on black outline drawing based roughly on Nothosaurus giganteus (based on PIMUZ T 4829). A. The two larger slabs containing most of the identifiable bones. Gastralia, appendicular, and girdle elements are in light gray, axial elements in darker gray. B. Small slab with the imprint of two bone fragments, the larger of which might pertain to a girdle or appendicular bone. C. A second small slab with three partially preserved bone remains, probably all representing adjacent neural arch fragments. Photographs (A1–C1) and interpretative drawings (A2–C2). Abbreviations: c, centrum; ch, hemal arch or chevron bone; g, gastral elements; na, neural arch.