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107 results for “mechanical testing”
Cuff Leak Test and Airway Obstruction in Mechanically Ventilated ICU Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05456542. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 3. Publications: 14.
Data from: Ecological mechanisms and phylogeny shape invertebrate stoichiometry: a test using detritus-based communities across Central and South America
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Data from: Real-time quantification of damage in structural materials during mechanical testing
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Data from: Effects of fleas on nest success of Arctic barnacle geese: experimentally testing the mechanism
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Mechanical test on different elastomer materials based on the ASTM D412-16 standard
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Data from: Transcriptomics and in vivo tests reveal novel mechanisms underlying endocrine disruption in an ecological sentinel, Nucella lapillus
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Hemodynamic data from the Inspired Therapeutics NeoMate Mechanical Circulatory Support System for neonates and infants as tested in static mock circulatory loops, dynamic mock circulatory loops, and acute animal studies
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Data from: Testing potential mechanisms of conspecific sperm precedence in Drosophila pseudoobscura
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Data for 'Slip-hydride interactions in Zircaloy-4: Multiscale mechanical testing and characterisation'
<p>This is the data bundle for 'Slip-hydride interactions in Zircaloy-4: Multiscale mechanical testing and characterisation'</p> <p>Arxiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13610</p> <p>Acta Materialia: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.09.038</p> <p>Authors: <br> Siyang Wang, Finn Giuliani, T. Ben Britton<br> Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK</p> <p>This data bundle consists of three folders:<br> 'DIC' contains the raw SEM images and the data from DIC analysis;<br> 'EBSD' contains the .ctf files from EBSD experiments;<br> 'Mech_curves' contains the data from mechanical tests.</p> <p>Any queries please contact Dr. Siyang Wang (siyang.wang15@imperial.ac.uk).</p>
Data from: Genetics of adaptation: experimental test of a biotic mechanism driving divergence in traits and genes
The genes underlying adaptations are becoming known, yet the causes of selection on genes -- a key step in the study of the genetics of adaptation -- remains uncertain. We address this issue experimentally in a threespine stickleback species pair showing exaggerated divergence in bony defensive armor in association with competition-driven character displacement. We used semi-natural ponds to test the role of a native predator in causing divergent evolution of armor and two known underlying genes. Predator presence/absence altered selection on dorsal spines and allele frequencies at the Msx2a gene across a generation. Evolutionary trajectories of alleles at a second gene, Pitx1, and the pelvic spine trait it controls, were more variable. Our experiment demonstrates how manipulation of putative selective agents help to identify causes of evolutionary divergence at key genes, rule out phenotypic plasticity as a sole determinant of phenotypic differences, and eliminate reliance on fitness surrogates. Divergence of predation regimes in sympatric stickleback is associated with coevolution in response to resource competition, implying a cascade of biotic interactions driving species divergence. We suggest that as divergence proceeds, an increasing number of biotic interactions generate divergent selection, causing more evolution in turn. In this way, biotic adaptation perpetuates species divergence through time during adaptive radiation in an expanding number of traits and genes.
Data from: Testing mechanisms of Bergmann's rule: phenotypic but no genetic change in body size in three passerine bird populations
Bergmann's rule predicts a decrease in body size with increasing temperature and has much empirical support. Surprisingly, we know very little about whether 'Bergmann size clines' are due to a genetic response or is a consequence of phenotypic plasticity. Here we use data on body size (mass and tarsus length) from three long-term (1979-2008) study populations of great tits (Parus major), in which there has been a temperature increase, to examine mechanisms behind Bergmann's rule. We show that adult body mass decreased over the study period in all populations and that tarsus length increased in one population. Both body mass and tarsus length were heritable and under weak positive directional selection, predicting an increase, rather than decrease, in body mass. There was no support for micro-evolutionary change and thus the observed declines in body mass were a result of phenotypic plasticity. Interestingly, this plasticity was not in direct response to temperature changes but seemed to be due to changes in prey dynamics. Our results caution against interpreting recent phenotypic body size declines as an adaptive evolutionary response to temperature changes and highlight the importance of considering alternative environmental factors when testing size clines.
Data from: Testing the scaling effects and mechanisms of N-induced biodiversity loss: evidence from a decade-long grassland experiment
Although extensive studies demonstrate that nitrogen (N) enrichment frequently reduces plant diversity within small quadrats (0.5 –4 m2), only a few studies have evaluated N effects on biodiversity across different spatial scales. We conducted the first experimental test of the scale dependence of N effects on species richness from a 10-year N treatment (1.75- 28 g N m−2 yr−1) in a typical steppe. We used species area relationship (SAR) to analyze the scale dependence of species loss with power model S = cAz (S is species number, A is area, c is intercept, and z is slope). Absolute species loss decreased at sampling area > 8 m2. Proportional species loss (compared to control) decreased and critical threshold (Ncrit) for biodiversity losses increased with sampling areas. These scale dependences were quantified as increasing slope (z-value) of SAR with N addition. Through SAR decomposition, we found that this overall positive effect was in response to positive effects of changes to the species abundance distribution over negative effects of overall species richness losses. Synthesis. As nitrogen (N) enrichment typically occurs at scales much larger than individual plots, understanding how N enrichment affects the scaling patterns of biodiversity is necessary for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management in response to anthropogenic N deposition.
Data from: Can plants evolve tolerance mechanisms to heterospecific pollen effects? An experimental test of the adaptive potential in Clarkia species
Flowering plants do not occur alone and often grow in mixed-species communities where pollinator sharing is high and interactions via pollinators can occur at pre- and post-pollination stages. While the causes and consequences of pre-pollination interactions have been well studied little is known about post-pollination interactions via heterospecific pollen (HP) receipt, and even less about the evolutionary implications of these interactions. In particular, the degree to which plants can evolve tolerance mechanisms to the negative effects of HP receipt has received little attention. Here, we aim to fill this gap in our understanding of post-pollination interactions by experimentally testing whether two co-flowering Clarkia species can evolve HP tolerance, and whether tolerance to specific HP 'genotypes' (fine-scale local adaptation to HP) occurs. We find that Clarkia species vary in their tolerance to HP effects. Furthermore, conspecific pollen performance and the magnitude of HP effects were related to the recipient's history of exposure to HP in C. xantiana but not in C. speciosa. Specifically, better conspecific pollen performance and smaller HP effects were observed in populations of C. xantiana plants with previous exposure to HP compared to populations without such exposure. These results suggest that plants may have the potential to evolve tolerance mechanisms to HP effects but that these may occur not from the female (stigma, style) but from the male (pollen) perspective, a possibility that is often overlooked. We find no evidence for fine-scale local adaptation to HP receipt. Studies that evaluate the adaptive potential of plants to the negative effects of HP receipt are an important first step in understanding the evolutionary consequences of plant–plant post-pollination interactions. Such knowledge is in turn crucial for deciphering the role of plant–pollinator interactions in driving floral evolution and the composition of co-flowering communities.
Data from: Synergism and antagonism of proximate mechanisms enable and constrain the response to simultaneous selection on body size and development time: an empirical test using experimental evolution
Natural selection acts on multiple traits simultaneously. How mechanisms underlying such traits enable or constrain their response to simultaneous selection is poorly understood. We show how antagonism and synergism among three traits at the developmental level enable or constrain evolutionary change in response to simultaneous selection on two focal traits at the phenotypic level. After 10 generations of 25% simultaneous directional selection on all four combinations of body size and development time in Manduca sexta (Sphingidae), the changes in the three developmental traits predict 93% of the response of development time and 100% of the response of body size. When the two focal traits were under synergistic selection, the response to simultaneous selection was enabled by juvenile hormone and ecdysteroids and constrained by growth rate. When the two focal traits were under antagonistic selection, the response to selection was due primarily to change in growth rate and constrained by the two hormonal traits. The approach used here reduces the complexity of the developmental and endocrine mechanisms to three proxy traits. This generates explicit predictions for the evolutionary response to selection that are based on biologically informed mechanisms. This approach has broad applicability to a diverse range of taxa, including algae, plants, amphibians, mammals, and insects.
Data for: Testing an invasion mechanism for Eucalyptus globulus: is there evidence of allelopathy?
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Premise of study</i>- Sparse understory communities, in association with non-native tree species, are often attributed to allelopathy, the chemical inhibition of one plant by another. However, allelopathy is a difficult ecological phenomenon to demonstrate with many studies showing conflicting results. <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i>, a native tree to Australia, is one of the most widely planted trees around the world. Sparse understories are common beneath <i>E. globulus</i>plantations and are often attributed to allelopathy, but the ecological impacts of <i>E. globulus</i>on native plant communities are poorly understood. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Methods -</i>To assess allelopathy as a mechanism of understory inhibition, we tested volatile- and water-soluble leaf extracts on seed germination of California native plants. We also quantified germination rates and early seedling growth of native plants grown in soil from <i>E. globulus</i>plantations versus soil from an adjacent native plant community. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Key results</i>- Volatile compounds from <i>E. globulus</i>did not significantly reduce germination for any species. Inhibition from water-soluble <i>E. globulus</i>compounds was comparable to that of a native tree, <i>Quercus agrifolia </i>(10%)<i>.</i><i>Eucalyptus globulus</i>soil supported germination and early seedling growth of native species equal to or better than coastal scrub soil, although species responses were variable. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Conclusions</i>- In contrast to previous studies, our results fail to support the hypothesis that <i>E. globulus</i>chemically inhibits germination of native species. California native plants germinate and grow well in soils from <i>E. globulus</i>plantations, which may have significant implications for management and restoration of land historically occupied by <i>E. globulus</i>plantations. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Mechanical_Test_DMA
<p>SmartFan Project public data</p>
Mechanical_Test_Flexural
<p>SmartFan Project public data</p>
Figure 9 from: Vyshedskiy A, Dunn R, Piryatinsky I (2017) Neurobiological mechanisms for nonverbal IQ tests: implications for instruction of nonverbal children with autism. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e13239. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e13239
Figure 9 - Graphical representation of neurobiological requirements for Standard Raven's Progressive Matrices questions. The NOB score (bottom) and the PCT score (top) as a function of question number. The five sets of 12 questions are shown with different markers.
Figure 8 from: Vyshedskiy A, Dunn R, Piryatinsky I (2017) Neurobiological mechanisms for nonverbal IQ tests: implications for instruction of nonverbal children with autism. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e13239. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e13239
Figure 8 - Graphical representation of neurobiological requirements for TONI-4, Form B. The NOB score (bottom) and the PCT score (top) as a function of question number.
Figure 7 from: Vyshedskiy A, Dunn R, Piryatinsky I (2017) Neurobiological mechanisms for nonverbal IQ tests: implications for instruction of nonverbal children with autism. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e13239. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e13239
Figure 7 - Graphical representation of neurobiological requirements for TONI-4, Form A. The minimal number of objects involved in mental calculations (the NOB score, bottom) and the minimal amount of posterior cortex territory required (the PCT score, top) as a function of question number.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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