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5,565 results for “medical”
Concept maps as a novel assessment tool in medical education
<p>This dataset accompanies the manuscript entitled "Concept maps as a novel assessment tool in medical education". The dataset contains data from eight participants in a pilot study investigating the use of Concept Maps (CMs) in medical education. Each participant constructed one CM for three different Problem-Based Learning (PBL) cases. Participant CMs, demographic data, results from pre-intervention questionnaire on their learning style (VARK Learning Styles Self-Assessment Questionnaire) and post-intervention questionnaire results measuring the level of clinical and critical thinking are included. In addition expert CMs are also provided for each of the three PBL cases.</p> <p> </p> <p><br> <br> <br> </p>
Pathogen prevalence modulates medication behavior in ant Formica fusca
<p><span>Ants face unique challenges regarding pathogens, as the sociality which has allowed them to form large and complex colonies also raises the potential for transmission of disease within these colonies. To cope with the threat of pathogens, ants have developed a variety of behavioral and physiological strategies. One of these strategies is self-medication, in which animals use biologically active compounds to combat pathogens in a way which would be harmful in the absence of them. <em>Formica fusca</em> ants are to date the only species of ants proven to successfully self-medicate against an active infection caused by a fungal pathogen by supplementing their diet with food containing hydrogen peroxide. Here, we build on that research by investigating how the prevalence of disease in colonies of <em>F. fusca</em> affects the strength of the self-medication response. We exposed either half of the workers of each colony or all of them to a fungal pathogen and offered them different combinations of diets. We see that workers of <em>F. fusca</em> engage in self-medication behavior even if exposed to a low lethal dose of a pathogen, and that the strength of that response is affected by the prevalence of the disease in the colonies. We also saw that the infection status of the individual foragers did not significantly affect their decision to forage on either control food or medicinal food as uninfected workers were also foraging on hydrogen peroxide food, which opens up the possibility of kin medication in partially infected colonies. Our results further affirm the ability of ants to self-medicate against fungal pathogens, shed new light on plasticity of self-medication and raise new questions to be investigated on the role self-medication has in social immunity.</span></p>
MEDIC: A Multi-Task Learning Dataset for Disaster Image Classification
<p>Recent research in disaster informatics demonstrates a practical and important use case of artificial intelligence to save human lives and suffering during natural disasters based on social media contents (text and images). While notable progress has been made using texts, research on exploiting the images remains relatively under-explored. To advance image-based approaches, we propose MEDIC\footnote{Available~at: \url{https://crisisnlp.qcri.org/medic/index.html}}, which is the largest social media image classification dataset for humanitarian response consisting of 71,198 images to address four different tasks in a multi-task learning setup. This is the first dataset of its kind: social media images, disaster response, and multi-task learning research. An important property of this dataset is its high potential to facilitate research on \textit{multi-task learning}, which recently receives much interest from the machine learning community and has shown remarkable results in terms of memory, inference speed, performance, and generalization capability. Therefore, the proposed dataset is an important resource for advancing image-based disaster management and multi-task machine learning research. <br> </p>
Fake Medical Data representing examinations from different hospital deprtments
<p>This data set includes examinations for a number of hypothetical patients in different hospital departments. They are organized in folders, one for each department. In each of these folders, a number of subfolders can be found, one for each patient. The files for the actual examinations can be found in the corresponding folder of each patient. </p>
Patient and GP experiences of implementing a medication review intervention in older people with multimorbidity: process evaluation of the SPPiRE trial
<p>Abstract</p> <p><strong>Background: </strong>The SPPiRE cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) found that a GP delivered medication review that incorporated screening potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP), a brown bag review and a patient priority assessment, resulted in a significant but small reduction in the number of medicines and no significant reduction in PIP.</p> <p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the experiences of GPs and patients engaged in the SPPiRE intervention and the potential for system wide implementation.</p> <p><strong>Design: </strong>Mixed methods process evaluation; quantitative data was collected from the SPPiRE intervention website and qualitative data via semi-structured interviews.</p> <p><strong>Setting and participants:</strong> 51 general practices throughout Ireland, and 404 participants with multimorbidity aged ≥65 years, prescribed ≥15 medicines participated in the RCT. Qualitative data was collected with purposive samples of intervention GPs (18/26) and patients (27/208). </p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>Quantitative data was analysed descriptively, qualitative data thematically and both were integrated using a triangulation protocol.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis generated three themes, intervention implementation, mechanisms of action, and both were underpinned by the theme of context. One fifth of patients had no review, primarily due to insufficient GP time. The brown bag review component resulted in the most deprescription of medications. GPs felt it easier to change medicines if the patient was well known to them, and patients were generally receptive to change. GPs identified lack of integration into practice software systems and resources as barriers to future implementation.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consideration of implementation of successful interventions is key to informing policy and integration into clinical practice. GPs and patients viewed the intervention positively, but implementation will depend on resourcing and integration into practice software systems.</p> <p>Trial registration number: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN12752680">ISRCTN12752680</a></p>
Imaging data of mechanically loaded, micro-patterned, silk-reinforced cellulose films with gold coating for flexible electrodes in medical implants
<p>Neurodegenerative diseases can be treated using a functional interface between the physically soft tissue such as brain and the man-made electrodes. The orders of magnitude harder neural probes cause local injuries, due to periodic micromovements owing to breathing and pulsatile blood flow leading to encapsulation and related collapsing signals. An alternative to the currently used neural implant films including polyimide, poly(p-xylylene), SU-8 - epoxy-based negative photoresist, liquid crystal polymer, and benzocyclobutene is the natural polymer cellulose with an elastic modulus between 100 and 200 MPa. This article elucidates the measurement of the mechanical properties of bare as well as mono- and double-layer silk-reinforced cellulose in phosphate-buffered saline using a universal testing machine. In addition, the article contains electron microscopy data of these micro-structured, gold-coated films subsequent to peel-off tests to access the impact of micro-structures on gold adhesion on cellulose. These imaging data were completed by electron micrographs of mechanically loaded gold-coated cellulose films to demonstrate the impact of micro-structures on crack formation. Finally, the phosphate-buffered saline-induced swelling of the micro-structure was visualized by electron micrographs obtained before and after two-month storage in air and phosphate-buffered saline, respectively.</p>
Self-medication for anxiety symptoms in the context of COVID-19, in users who go to a drugstore in Los Olivos, Lima-2021
<p><strong>Background:</strong> To determine the relationship between self-medication and anxiety symptoms in the context of COVID-19, in users who go to a drugstore in Los Olivos, Lima 2021.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The research method was deductive, basic and with a quantitative approach; the design used was non-experimental, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, and prospective. Spearman's Rho analysis was performed to validate the hypothesis.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> 384 users were evaluated, finding 93.5% aged 18-59 years, of whom 53.4% were female, 42.7% had completed high school, 57.8% were single and 51.6% presented physical symptoms, preferably muscular tension accompanied by pain, 60.7% presented behavioral symptoms, highlighting unusual sadness in the face of COVID-19 and 70.1% presented cognitive symptoms with greater frequency of concern about contracting COVID-19. In addition, the greater the symptoms of anxiety, the higher the self-medication increased from 9.0% to 21.1%, a similar case was evidenced in self-medication on their own initiative where the increase was from 7.5% to 33.3%; likewise, self-medication without medical prescription increased from 15.8% to 47.7%, the consumption of anxiolytics or antidepressants increased from 0.8% to 26.3% caused by the symptoms of anxiety.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It was determined that there is a moderate relationship between self-medication and anxiety symptoms in the context of COVID-19, in users who go to a drugstore in Los Olivos, Lima 2021.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Self-medication, prescription, anxiety, depression, COVID-19.</p> <p><strong>Background:</strong> To determine the relationship between self-medication and anxiety symptoms in the context of COVID-19, in users who go to a drugstore in Los Olivos, Lima 2021.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The research method was deductive, basic and with a quantitative approach; the design used was non-experimental, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, and prospective. Spearman's Rho analysis was performed to validate the hypothesis.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> 384 users were evaluated, finding 93.5% aged 18-59 years, of whom 53.4% were female, 42.7% had completed high school, 57.8% were single and 51.6% presented physical symptoms, preferably muscular tension accompanied by pain, 60.7% presented behavioral symptoms, highlighting unusual sadness in the face of COVID-19 and 70.1% presented cognitive symptoms with greater frequency of concern about contracting COVID-19. In addition, the greater the symptoms of anxiety, the higher the self-medication increased from 9.0% to 21.1%, a similar case was evidenced in self-medication on their own initiative where the increase was from 7.5% to 33.3%; likewise, self-medication without medical prescription increased from 15.8% to 47.7%, the consumption of anxiolytics or antidepressants increased from 0.8% to 26.3% caused by the symptoms of anxiety.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It was determined that there is a moderate relationship between self-medication and anxiety symptoms in the context of COVID-19, in users who go to a drugstore in Los Olivos, Lima 2021</p> <p> </p>
Data from: A novel laboratory method to simulate climatic stress with successful application to experiments with medically relevant ticks
<p>Ticks are the most important vectors of zoonotic disease-causing pathogens in North America and Europe. Many tick species are expanding their geographic range. Although correlational evidence suggests that climate change is driving the range expansion of ticks, experimental evidence is necessary to develop a mechanistic understanding of ticks' response to a range of climatic conditions. Previous experiments used simulated microclimates, but these protocols require hazardous salts or expensive laboratory equipment to manipulate humidity. We developed a novel, safe, stable, convenient, and economical method to isolate individual ticks and manipulate their microclimates. The protocol involves placing individual ticks in plastic tubes, and placing six tubes along with a commercial two-way humidity control pack in an airtight container. We successfully used this method to investigate how humidity affects survival and host-seeking (questing) behavior of three tick species: the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), and black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). We placed 72 adult females of each species individually into plastic tubes and separated them into three experimental relative humidity (RH) treatments representing distinct climates: 32% RH, 58% RH, and 84% RH. We assessed the survival and questing behavior of each tick for 30 days. In all three species, survivorship significantly declined in drier conditions. Questing height was negatively associated with RH in Amblyomma, positively associated with RH in Dermacentor, and not associated with RH in Ixodes. The frequency of questing behavior increased significantly with drier conditions for Dermacentor but not for Amblyomma or Ixodes. This report demonstrates an effective method for assessing the viability and host-seeking behavior of tick vectors of zoonotic diseases under different climatic conditions.</p>
Text-fig. 2. CT slices on Block 2. Details of other skeletal parts (a). The familiar shape of an ammonite (a, c). Holes, cracks and empty cavities in both the limestone matrix and within the vertebrate fossil (b, c). Heterogeneity of the 'tuffeau' limestone, the more porous areas of the matrix clearly distinguishable from the more compact ones (c). Ferric nodules (c). in Hidden Treasures Uncovered: Successful Detection Of Fossils Below The Surface In Large Limestone Blocks Using A Standard Medical X-Ray Ct Scanner
Text-fig. 2. CT slices on Block 2. Details of other skeletal parts (a). The familiar shape of an ammonite (a, c). Holes, cracks and empty cavities in both the limestone matrix and within the vertebrate fossil (b, c). Heterogeneity of the 'tuffeau' limestone, the more porous areas of the matrix clearly distinguishable from the more compact ones (c). Ferric nodules (c).
Text-fig. 1. CT slices on Block 1. Details of the internal bone structure (a, b), teeth (b, c). Invertebrate imprints (a, c). Holes, cracks and empty cavities in both the limestone matrix and within the vertebrate fossil (b). in Hidden Treasures Uncovered: Successful Detection Of Fossils Below The Surface In Large Limestone Blocks Using A Standard Medical X-Ray Ct Scanner
Text-fig. 1. CT slices on Block 1. Details of the internal bone structure (a, b), teeth (b, c). Invertebrate imprints (a, c). Holes, cracks and empty cavities in both the limestone matrix and within the vertebrate fossil (b).
Text-fig. 3. CT slices on Block 3. Invertebrate moulds (a, c) and remains of their hard skeletons (a, b). Large areas of limestone matrix hold either only a few scattered invertebrates or no fossil at all (b, c). Ring artefacts seen close to the isocentre of the scan (b, c) are a well-known phenomenon caused by the X-ray beams traversing the block at an insufficient radiation dose (as expected in such a large block of dense material), and are not part of any physical structure present therein (Triche et al. 2019). in Hidden Treasures Uncovered: Successful Detection Of Fossils Below The Surface In Large Limestone Blocks Using A Standard Medical X-Ray Ct Scanner
Text-fig. 3. CT slices on Block 3. Invertebrate moulds (a, c) and remains of their hard skeletons (a, b). Large areas of limestone matrix hold either only a few scattered invertebrates or no fossil at all (b, c). Ring artefacts seen close to the isocentre of the scan (b, c) are a well-known phenomenon caused by the X-ray beams traversing the block at an insufficient radiation dose (as expected in such a large block of dense material), and are not part of any physical structure present therein (Triche et al. 2019).
Figure 1. CMDS medical diagnosis system-Cognitive Medical Multiagent Systems
<p>Figure 1 presents the CMDS system’s architecture. Pr={Pr1, Pr2,…, Prq} represent problems<br> that must be solved by the system. Mda={Mda1, Mda2,…, Mdan} represent agents specialized in<br> medical diagnosis, physicians and medical expert system agents. Asg={Asg1, Asg2,…, Asgk}<br> represent assistant knowledge-based agents. The assistant agents are capable of helping the medical<br> agents during the problem’s solving processes.</p>
Figure1. Three-layer image decomposition with content protection-Access Management in Medical Image Databases Based on New Format and Contents Protection with Inverse Pyramid Decomposition
<p>The image preparation for the image database with layered access is shown on Fig. 1. The<br> image is archived layer by layer and the watermarks are inserted together with the image<br> processing. The ROI (if there is one in the image) is processed in such a way, that to permit direct<br> access for authorized users (separate pyramid is developed for the ROI representation).</p>
Medical Students use Online Study Materials more than School-Provided Resources when preparing for USMLE Step 1
<p>In this excel file contains the raw data collected from a survery sent out to students attend ULSOM and UNRSOM. The raw data was processed and analyzed in the sheet titled "graphs". </p>
Medical interview score data from PostCC-OSCE and programs for an extended many-facet IRT model
<p>Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are widely used performance assessments for medical and dental students. A common limitation of OSCEs is that the evaluation results depend on the characteristics of raters and the scoring rubric. To overcome this limitation, item response theory (IRT) models such as the many-facet models have been proposed to estimate examinee abilities while accounting for the characteristics of raters and evaluation items in a rubric. However, conventional IRT models have two impractical assumptions: constant rater severity across all evaluation items in a rubric and an equal interval rating scale among evaluation items, which can decrease model fitting and ability measurement accuracy.</p> <p>To resolve this problem, we propose a new IRT model that relaxes these assumptions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model by applying it to actual data collected from a medical interview test conducted at Tokyo Medical and Dental University as part of a post-clinical clerkship (PostCC) OSCE. The experimental results showed that the proposed model fit our OSCE data well and measured ability accurately. Furthermore, it provided abundant information on rater and item characteristics that conventional models cannot, helping us to better understand rater and item properties.</p> <p>This dataset includes the actual score data collected from the above-mentioned medical interview test in a PostCC OSCE, as well as the program for estimating the parameters of the proposed IRT model.</p>
Figure 6 in In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species
Figure 6. Mean (+ SE) proportioned mortality rates of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae following exposure to submersion treatments with Virkon® Aquatic disinfectant at different exposure concentrations and durations (n = 3 per experimental group).
Figure 4 in In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species
Figure 4. Mean (+ SE) proportioned hatchability rates of Aedes albopictus following exposure to submersion treatments with (a) 1% and (b) 4% Virkon® Aquatic disinfectant (n = 3 per experimental group).
Figure 2 in In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species
Figure 2. Mean (+ SE) proportioned hatchability rates of Culex quinquefasciatus egg rafts following different exposure durations to direct steam jet (n = 3 per experimental group).
Figure 3 in In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species
Figure 3. Mean (+ SE) proportioned hatchability rates of Aedes albopictus following exposure to spray treatments with 1% (a) and 4% (b) Virkon® Aquatic disinfectant (n = 3 per experimental group).
Figure 1 in In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species
Figure 1. Mean (+ SE) proportioned hatchability rates of Aedes albopictus following different exposure durations to direct steam jet (n = 3 per experimental group).
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.