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68 results for “mesocosm experiment”
Data from: Effects of advancing treelines and melting glaciers on alpine lake ecosystems: A mesocosm experiment
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Mesocosm experiments validate induction of Daphnia vertical migration by the fish-derived kairomone 5α-cyprinol sulfate
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Bivalve mortality and burrowing behavior under compound stress of salinity and temperature: Data from a mesocosm experiment
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No water, no eggs: insights from a warming outdoor mesocosm experiment
<p>Insects are susceptible to dehydration and change in atmospheric humidity could affect their fitness. To understand the impacts of humidity changes on insect's reproductive fitness we released an outcrossed <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> population to outdoor mesocosm units and tracked their fecundity over ninety days under progressively developing summer season. The study was carried out in a tropical urban garden. Often temperature has been found to be the key player in changes in reproductive output in a considerable number of laboratory based studies. Our work suggested that temperature and humidity interactions determine the physiological state of an organism which could untimely impact organismal fitness in a given environmental set-up. This work suggested that fecundity in <i>Drosophila</i> populations was significantly influenced by relative humidity and its interaction with temperature. This together suggested that while temperature was an important parameter for fecundity, relative humidity individually and in combination with temperature also played an important role for fecundity in <i>Drosophila</i>. Thus, the combination of temperature and relative humidity was a better metric to predict the fecundity in <i>Drosophila</i> populations than considering these parameters individually under natural conditions. It clearly indicated that future warming events could drastically impact insects' reproductive output.</p>
Data from: Combined effects of local habitat, anthropogenic stress, and dispersal on stream ecosystems: a mesocosm experiment
The effects of anthropogenic stressors on community structure and ecosystem functioning can be strongly influenced by local habitat structure and dispersal from source communities. Catchment land uses increase the input of fine sediments into stream channels, clogging the interstitial spaces of benthic habitats. Aquatic macrophytes enhance habitat heterogeneity and mediate important ecosystem functions, being thus a key component of habitat structure in many streams. Therefore, the recovery of macrophytes following in-stream habitat modification may be prerequisite for successful stream restoration. Restoration success is also affected by dispersal of organisms from the source community, with potentially strongest responses in relatively isolated headwater sites that receive limited amount of dispersing individuals. We used a factorial design in a set of stream mesocosms to study the independent and combined effects of an anthropogenic stressor (sand sedimentation), local habitat (macrophytes, i.e. moss transplants) and enhanced dispersal (two levels: high vs. low) on organic matter retention, algal accrual rate, leaf decomposition and macroinvertebrate community structure. Overall, all responses were simple additive effects with no interactions between treatments. Sand reduced algal accumulation, total invertebrate density and density of a few individual taxa. Mosses reduced algal accrual rate and algae-grazing invertebrates, but enhanced organic matter retention and detritus- and filter-feeders. Mosses also reduced macroinvertebrate diversity by increasing the dominance by a few taxa. Mosses also reduced leaf-mass loss, possibly because the organic matter retained by mosses provided an additional food source for leaf-shredding invertebrates and thus reduced shredder aggregation into leaf packs. The effect of mosses on macroinvertebrate communities and ecosystem functioning was distinct irrespective of the level of dispersal, suggesting strong environmental control of community structure. The strong environmental control of macroinvertebrate community composition even under enhanced dispersal suggests that re-establishing key habitat features, such as natural stream vegetation, could aid ecosystem recovery in boreal streams.
Data on snail coverage in a mesocosm experiment in the Oslofjord June to September 2022
<p><span>In August and September 2022, we measured <em>Littorina</em> sp. coverage on step 2 (the lower intertidal) in each basin. Coverage was visually identified as presence or absence in each of 16 5x5cm large cells within a 20x20 cm frame. Three frames were randomly placed within the seaweed patches and three in the seaweed-free corridors outside of the patches. Coverage was estimated as the percent of all 16 cells in the frames having <em>Littorina</em> sp. presence. </span></p>
Data on Fucus vesiculosus tip growth, seaweed branching, wave exposure and fragmentation level – a mesocosm experiment in 2022
<p><span>Data on <em>Fucus vesiculosus</em> tip growth, seaweed branching, the wave exposure and fragmentation level in each basin, and the weeks of monitoring. Tip growth was measured as increases in tip length over the study (the linear regression slope value), branching as<span> the change in number of apices recorded per seaweed individual during the experiment (June to September 2022). </span></span></p>
Sequential stressor mesocosm experiment - fish x warming
<p>Cumulative impacts of multiple extreme and novel environmental changes on communities are often the result of asynchronous rather than simultaneous exposures to such stressors. Yet, the importance of temporal dynamics remains a major knowledge gap in multiple stressor ecology, lacking theory or evidence. We provide a conceptual template for predicting the ecological importance of the order in which consecutive stressors occur (i.e. an exposure order effect) based on correlated species responses. Negative correlation of species responses is hypothesized to increase, while positive correlation is expected to reduce, exposure order effects of consecutive stressors on communities. Towards a proof of concept, we experimentally exposed planktonic communities from fishless mountain lakes to different temporal sequences of two stressors, namely invasive sportfish and elevated water temperatures. Both stressors suppressed the same resident top predator and large grazers while eliciting positive responses from smaller tolerant taxa, attesting to their interchangeable effects across species based on size selection. As a result, reversal of the order of exposure to the two stressors did not alter their combined effects on community composition and function. Our findings suggest that the order in which consecutive stressors occur may not matter to a community if ecological memory of either stressor induces tolerance of the other.</p>
Interactions between non-native Western Mosquitofish and native Bluegill Sunfish: mesocosm experiments
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Sequential stressor mesocosm experiment - fish x warming
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No water, no eggs: insights from a warming outdoor mesocosm experiment
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Data from: Combined effects of local habitat, anthropogenic stress, and dispersal on stream ecosystems: a mesocosm experiment
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Plant carbon partitioning in two mesocosm fertilization experiments with Zea mays
<p>Plant carbon partitioning in two mesocosm fertilization experiments with Zea mays.</p> <p>Experiments in summer 2016 and summer 2017.</p>
Methane emission and sulfide levels increase in tropical seagrass sediments during temperature stress: a mesocosm experiment
<p>Climate change-induced ocean warming is expected to greatly affect carbon dynamics and sequestration in vegetated shallow waters, especially in the upper subtidal where water temperatures may fluctuate considerably and can reach high levels at low tides. This might alter the greenhouse gas balance and significantly reduce the carbon sink potential of tropical seagrass meadows. In order to assess such consequences, we simulated temperature stress during low tide exposures by subjecting seagrass plants (<i>Thalassia hemprichii</i>) and associated sediments to elevated midday temperature spikes (31, 35, 37, 40 and 45ºC) for seven consecutive days in an outdoor mesocosm setup. During the experiment, methane release from the sediment surface was estimated using gas chromatography. Sulfide concentration in the sediment pore water was determined spectrophotometrically, and the plant's photosynthetic capacity as Electron Transport Rate (ETR) and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) was assessed using pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. The highest temperature treatments (40 and 45ºC) had a clear positive effect on methane emission and the level of sulfide in the sediment and, at the same time, clear negative effects on the photosynthetic performance of seagrass plants. The effects observed by temperature stress were immediate (within hours) and seen in all response variables, including ETR, Fv/Fm, methane emission and sulfide levels. In addition, both the methane emission and the size of the sulfide pool were already negatively correlated to changes in the photosynthetic rate (ETR) during the first day, and with time, the correlations became stronger. These findings show that increased temperature will reduce primary productivity and increase methane and sulfide levels. Future increases in the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events could hence reduce the climate mitigation capacity of tropical seagrass meadows by reducing CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration, increase damage from sulfide toxicity, and induce the release of larger amounts of methane.</p>
Data from: Mesocosm experiments reveal the impact of mosquito control measures on malaria vector life history and population dynamics
The impact of control measures on mosquito vector fitness and demography is usually estimated from bioassays or indirect variables in the field. Whilst indicative, neither approach is sufficient to quantify the potentially complex response of mosquito populations to combined interventions. Here, large replicated mesocosms were used to measure the population-level response of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis to long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) when used in isolation, or combined with insecticidal eave louvers (EL), or treatment of cattle with the endectocide Ivermectin (IM). State-space models (SSM) were fit to these experimental data, revealing that LLIN introduction reduced adult mosquito survival by 91% but allowed population persistence. ELs provided no additional benefit, but IM reduced mosquito fecundity by 59% and nearly eliminated all populations when combined with LLINs. This highlights the value of IM for integrated vector control, and mesocosm population experiments combined with SSM for identifying optimal combinations for vector population elimination.
Data from: Plant, soil and microbial controls on grassland diversity restoration: a long-term, multi-site mesocosm experiment
The success of grassland biodiversity restoration schemes is determined by many factors; as such their outcomes can be unpredictable. There is a need for improved understanding of the relative importance of belowground factors to restoration success, such as contrasting soil type and management intensities, as well as plant community composition and order of assembly. We carried out an eight-year mesocosm experiment across three locations in the UK to explore the relative and interactive roles of various aboveground and belowground factors in the establishment of target species, to determine general constraints on grassland restoration. Each location had a series of mesocosms with contrasting soil types and management status, which were initially sown with six grasses typical of species-poor grasslands targeted for restoration. Over five years, sets of plant species were added, to test how different vegetation treatments, including early-coloniser species and the hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor, and soil type and management, influenced the establishment of target plant species and community diversity. The addition of early-coloniser species to model grasslands suppressed the establishment of target species, indicating a strong priority effect. Soil type was also an important factor, but effects varied considerably across locations. In the absence of early-coloniser species, low soil nutrient availability improved establishment of target species across locations, although R. minor had no beneficial effect. Synthesis and applications. Our long-term, multi-site study indicates that successful restoration of species rich grassland is dependent primarily on priority effects, especially in the form of early-coloniser species that suppress establishment of slow-growing target species. We also show that priority effects vary with soil conditions, being stronger in clay than sandy soils, and on soils of high nutrient availability. As such, our work emphasises the importance of considering priority effects and local soil conditions in developing management strategies for restoring plant species diversity in grassland.
Data from: Ranking stressor impacts on periphyton structure and function with mesocosm experiments and environmental-change forecasts
Streams are being subjected to physical, chemical, and biological stresses stemming from both natural and anthropogenic changes to the planet. In the face of limited time and resources, scientists, resource managers, and policy makers need ways to rank stressors and their impacts so that we can prioritize them from the most to least important (i.e., perform 'ecological triage'). We report results from an experiment in which we established a periphyton community from the Huron River (Michigan, USA) in 84 experimental 'flumes' (stream mesocosms). We then dosed the flumes with gradients of six common stressors (increased temperature, taxa extinctions, sedimentation, nitrogen, phosphorus, and road salt) and monitored periphyton structure and function. A set of a priori deterministic functions were fit to each stressor-endpoint response and model averaging based on AICc weights was used to develop concentration-response best-fit predictions. Model predictions from different stressors were then compared to forecasts of future environmental change to rank stressors according to the potential magnitude of impacts. All of the stressors studied altered at least one characteristic of the periphyton; however, the extent (i.e., structural and functional changes) and magnitude of effects expected under future forecasts differed significantly among stressors. Elevated nitrogen concentrations are projected to have the greatest combined effect on stream periphyton structure and function. Extinction, sediment, and phosphorus all had similar but less substantial impact on the periphyton (e.g., affected only structure not function, smaller magnitude change). Elevated temperature and salt both had measurable effects on periphyton, but their overall impacts were much lower than any of the other stressors. For periphyton in the Huron River, our results suggest that, among the stressors examined, increased N pollution may have the greatest potential to alter the structure and function of the periphyton community, and managers should prioritize reducing anthropogenic sources of nitrogen. Our study demonstrates an experimental approach to ecological triage that can be used as an additional line of evidence to prioritize management decisions for specific ecosystems in the face of ecological change.
Data from a mesocosm experiment on responses of larval fish and their prey to warming and browning
<p><span><span>This dataset contains data from from a mesocom experiment with larval fish as described in the paper: "Huss, M., van Dorst, R.M., and Gårdmark, A. (2021) </span></span>Larval fish body growth responses to simultaneous browning and warming"</p> <p><span><span>The data comes from </span></span><span>a fully factorial experiment of warming and browning in pelagic mesocosms in two adjacent areas in the Baltic Sea archipelago; an artificially heated coastal bay and a natural area with ambient temperatures. T</span><span><span>o answer the question how simultaneous warming and browning of coastal food webs impact body growth and survival of larval perch. we innoculated t</span></span><span>he mesocosms, varying in temperature and colour, </span><span><span>with larval Eurasian perch (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i>) and zooplankton prey. </span></span><span>Browning was simulated by adding coloured substances to the mesocosm bags, whereas the water masses surrounding them in the heated and the natural bay provided the temperature treatment. </span><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><span><span>The main result is that browning decreased body growth and survival of larval perch, whereas warming increased body growth but had no effect on survival.</span> To understand these results, data on daily fish body growth estimates based on otolith microstructure analysis and size composition and abundance of available prey were analysed. </span></p> <p><span>The overall conclusion is that larval fish responses to climate change may depend on the relative rate and extent of both warming and browning, as that they may even cancel each other out.</span></p>
CJZ_Mesocosm Data from Ambystoma predator-phenology experiment
<p>Mean response variables by species and treatment from Ambystoma predator-phenology experiment</p>
Data from: Mesocosm experiments reveal the impact of mosquito control measures on malaria vector life history and population dynamics
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.