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46 results for “mesopelagic”
Data from: Southern Ocean mesopelagic fish comply with Bergmann's rule
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Implications for the mesopelagic microbial gardening hypothesis as determined by experimental fragmentation of Antarctic krill faecal pellets
<p>1. Detritivores need to upgrade their food to increase its nutritional value. One method is to fragment detritus promoting the colonisation of nutrient-rich microbes, which consumers then ingest along with the detritus; so-called microbial gardening. Observations and numerical models of the detritus-dominated ocean mesopelagic zone have suggested microbial gardening by zooplankton is a fundamental process in the ocean carbon cycle leading to increased respiration of carbon-rich detritus. However, no experimental evidence exists to demonstrate that microbial respiration rates are higher on recently fragmented sinking detrital particles.</p> <p>2. Using aquaria-reared Antarctic krill faecal pellets we showed fragmentation increased microbial particulate organic carbon (POC) turnover by 1.8x, but only on brown faecal pellets, formed from the consumption of other pellets. Microbial POC turnover on un-and fragmented green faecal pellets, formed from consuming fresh phytoplankton, was equal. Thus, POC content, fragmentation, and potentially nutritional value together drive POC turnover rates.</p> <p>3. Mesopelagic microbial gardening could be a risky strategy, as the dominant detrital food source is settling particles. Even though fragmentation decreases particle size and sinking rat, it is unlikely that an organism would remain with the particle long enough to nutritionally benefit from attached microbes. We propose 'communal gardening' occurs whereby additional mesopelagic organisms nearby or below the site of fragmentation consume the particle and the colonised microbes.</p> <p>4. To determine how fragmentation impacts the remineralisation of sinking carbon-rich detritus, and to parameterise microbial gardening in mesopelagic carbon models, three key metrics from further controlled experiments and observations are needed; how particle composition (here, pellet colour/krill diet) impacts the response of microbes to the fragmentation of particles; the nutritional benefit to zooplankton from ingesting microbes after fragmentation along with identification of which essential nutrients are being targeted; how both these factors vary between physical (shear) and biological particle fragmentation.</p>
Supplementary materials: "Where and when the mesopelagic carbon budget balances, if at all", Oliver et al.
<div>Data Supplement to "Where and when the mesopelagic carbon budget balances, if at all"</div> <div>Sophy Oliver(1), Andrew Yool(1), Stephanie A. Henson(1), Adrian P. Martin(1)</div> <div>1 National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK</div> <div>Corresponding author: Sophy Oliver, sophy.oliver@noc.ac.uk</div> <div> </div> <div>This data supplement contains results using the MOPS biogeochemical model (Kriest et al. 2015).</div> <div> </div> <div>-> Model_ep_npp_MLD (MATLAB files required to create Figure S1 and S10)</div> <div>-> NPP.mat: MOPS annually-averaged net primary production [mmol P / m3 / d]</div> <div>-> EP.mat: MOPS annually-averaged export production [mmol P / m3 / d]</div> <div>-> MLDinterp.mat: annual maximum of monthly-averaged mixed layer depth [m] in ECCO: 1992-2001 mean (Fukumori et al. 2023). The mixed layer depth is determined by the depth where waters are first 0.8°C colder than the near-surface, as per the Kara Formula (Kara, Rochford, and Hurlburt 2000).</div> <div>-> DOPAVG.mat: MOPS monthly-averaged dissolved organic phosphate (DOP) [mmol P / m3]</div> <div> </div> <div>-> Model_Budget_Components (MATLAB files required to create Figures 1 and S2-9)</div> <div>-> Flux.mat: Monthly-averaged particulate flux sinking into the top of each depth level [mmol P / m2 / d]. Note that depth level 1 corresponds to flux to the sea floor (burial).</div> <div>-> Drem.mat: Monthly-averaged remineralisation and denitrification of particulate matter [mmol P / m3 / d]</div> <div>-> DOPnew.mat: Monthly-averaged creation of dissolved organic phosphate by dying plankton [mmol P / m3 / d] </div> <div>-> DOPrem.mat: Monthly-averaged remineralisation and denitrification of dissolved organic phosphate [mmol P / m3 / d]</div> <div>-> det_vt.mat: Monthly-averaged change in particulate organic phosphate after vertical transport is applied [mmol P / m3 / d]</div> <div>-> det_ht.mat: Monthly-averaged change in particulate organic phosphate after horizontal transport is applied [mmol P / m3 / d]</div> <div>-> dop_vt.mat: Monthly-averaged change in dissolved organic phosphate after vertical transport is applied [mmol P / m3 / d]</div> <div>-> dop_ht.mat: Monthly-averaged change in dissolved organic phosphate after vertical transport is applied [mmol P / m3 / d]</div> <div> </div> <div>-> Code_Analysis_Plotting</div> <div>-> plot_npp.m: MATLAB script to plot Figure S1 of the supplementary figures of MOPS net primary and export production, and ECCO mixed layer depth.</div> <div>-> meso_monthly_budget.m: MATLAB script to calculate and plot the global seasonal mesopelagic organic carbon budget and its components (Figures 1 and S2-9 and S11).</div> <div>-> plot_doc.m: MATLAB script to plot Figure S10 of the supplementary figures of MOPS annually averaged DOC [µmol C kg-1] at 15m, 310m, and 610m depth.</div> <div>-> bluewhitered.mat: MATLAB colorscale.</div> <div> </div> <div>Model grid information for MITgcm_ECCO can be found here: http://kelvin.earth.ox.ac.uk/spk/Research/TMM/TransportMatrixConfigs/ (Samar Khatiwala, University of Oxford).</div> <div> </div>
Data from: Whole-body endothermy in a mesopelagic fish, the opah, Lampris guttatus
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Implications for the mesopelagic microbial gardening hypothesis as determined by experimental fragmentation of Antarctic krill faecal pellets
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of the mesopelagic isopod genus Xenuraega Tattersall, 1909 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Aegidae) from Japan, the second species in the genus
FIGURE 3. Xenuraega bythionekta sp. nov. A, right pereopod 1, lateral; B, right pereopod 2, lateral; C, right pereopod 3, lateral; D, seta on merus of pereopod 3, lateral; E, right pereopod 4, medial; F, right pereopod 5, medial; G, right pereopod 6, medial. Scales = 100 μm.
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